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openCV
读取视频流、在每一帧图片上画一个矩形。mediapipe
获取手指关键点坐标。环境准备:
python: 3.8.8
opencv: 4.2.0.32
mediapipe: 0.8.10.1
opencv
版本过高或过低可能出现一些如摄像头打不开、闪退等问题,python
版本影响opencv
可选择的版本。pip install mediapipe
后可能导致openCV
无法正常使用,卸了重新下载,习惯了就好。import cv2 import time import numpy as np # 调用摄像头 0 默认摄像头 cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # 初始方块数据 x = 100 y = 100 w = 100 h = 100 # 读取一帧帧照片 while True: # 返回frame图片 rec,frame = cap.read() # 镜像 frame = cv2.flip(frame,1) # 画矩形 cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 255), -1) # 显示画面 cv2.imshow('frame',frame) # 退出条件 if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'): break cap.release() cv2.destroyAllWindows()
运行这段代码,摄像头打开,我们会惊讶地看到自己英俊的脸庞,且左上角有个100*100
的紫色矩形。
pip install mediapipe
此时可能出现一些问题,比如openCV
突然用不了了,没关系,卸载了重新下
mediapipe
详细信息:Hands - mediapipe (google.github.io)
简单来说,它会返回给我们21个手指关键点的坐标,即它在视频画面的位置比例( 0~1 ),我们乘以对应画面的宽高,就能得到手指对应的坐标了。
本次用到食指和中指指尖,也就是8号和12号。
import cv2
import time
import numpy as np
import mediapipe as mp
mp_drawing = mp.solutions.drawing_utils
mp_drawing_styles = mp.solutions.drawing_styles
mp_hands = mp.solutions.hands
hands = mp_hands.Hands(
static_image_mode=True,
max_num_hands=2,
min_detection_confidence=0.5)
frame.flags.writeable = False
frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
# 返回结果
results = hands.process(frame)
frame.flags.writeable = True
frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
当我们在视频流中读取每一帧图片时,将其从BGR
转为RGB
供给mediapipe
生成的hands
对象读取,它会返回这张图片中手指关键点的信息,我们只需要继续对其作画,画在每一帧图片上。
# 如果结果不为空
if results.multi_hand_landmarks:
# 遍历双手(根据读取顺序,一只只手遍历、画画)
for hand_landmarks in results.multi_hand_landmarks:
mp_drawing.draw_landmarks(
frame,
hand_landmarks,
mp_hands.HAND_CONNECTIONS,
mp_drawing_styles.get_default_hand_landmarks_style(),
mp_drawing_styles.get_default_hand_connections_style())
import cv2 import time import numpy as np import mediapipe as mp mp_drawing = mp.solutions.drawing_utils mp_drawing_styles = mp.solutions.drawing_styles mp_hands = mp.solutions.hands hands = mp_hands.Hands( static_image_mode=True, max_num_hands=2, min_detection_confidence=0.5) # 调用摄像头 0 默认摄像头 cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # 方块初始数组 x = 100 y = 100 w = 100 h = 100 # 读取一帧帧照片 while True: # 返回frame图片 rec,frame = cap.read() # 镜像 frame = cv2.flip(frame,1) frame.flags.writeable = False frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # 返回结果 results = hands.process(frame) frame.flags.writeable = True frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR) # 如果结果不为空 if results.multi_hand_landmarks: # 遍历双手(根据读取顺序,一只只手遍历、画画) # results.multi_hand_landmarks n双手 # hand_landmarks 每只手上21个点信息 for hand_landmarks in results.multi_hand_landmarks: mp_drawing.draw_landmarks( frame, hand_landmarks, mp_hands.HAND_CONNECTIONS, mp_drawing_styles.get_default_hand_landmarks_style(), mp_drawing_styles.get_default_hand_connections_style()) # 画矩形 cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 255), -1) # 显示画面 cv2.imshow('frame',frame) # 退出条件 if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'): break cap.release() cv2.destroyAllWindows()
此时我们运行看一下还挺有意思的:
我们这个实验要求拖动方块,那肯定也有不拖动的时候,因此不妨根据上一步获取食指(8)
和中指(12)
指尖的位置,如果这俩离得近,我们就在他与方块重合的时候,根据手指的位置改变方块的坐标。
import cv2 import time import math import numpy as np import mediapipe as mp # mediapipe配置 mp_drawing = mp.solutions.drawing_utils mp_drawing_styles = mp.solutions.drawing_styles mp_hands = mp.solutions.hands hands = mp_hands.Hands( static_image_mode=True, max_num_hands=2, min_detection_confidence=0.5) # 调用摄像头 0 默认摄像头 cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # cv2.namedWindow("frame", 0) # cv2.resizeWindow("frame", 960, 640) # 获取画面宽度、高度 width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH)) height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT)) # 方块初始数组 x = 100 y = 100 w = 100 h = 100 L1 = 0 L2 = 0 on_square = False square_color = (0, 255, 0) # 读取一帧帧照片 while True: # 返回frame图片 rec,frame = cap.read() # 镜像 frame = cv2.flip(frame,1) frame.flags.writeable = False frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) # 返回结果 results = hands.process(frame) frame.flags.writeable = True frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR) # 如果结果不为空 if results.multi_hand_landmarks: # 遍历双手(根据读取顺序,一只只手遍历、画画) # results.multi_hand_landmarks n双手 # hand_landmarks 每只手上21个点信息 for hand_landmarks in results.multi_hand_landmarks: mp_drawing.draw_landmarks( frame, hand_landmarks, mp_hands.HAND_CONNECTIONS, mp_drawing_styles.get_default_hand_landmarks_style(), mp_drawing_styles.get_default_hand_connections_style()) # 记录手指每个点的x y 坐标 x_list = [] y_list = [] for landmark in hand_landmarks.landmark: x_list.append(landmark.x) y_list.append(landmark.y) # 获取食指指尖 index_finger_x, index_finger_y = int(x_list[8] * width),int(y_list[8] * height) # 获取中指 middle_finger_x,middle_finger_y = int(x_list[12] * width), int(y_list[12] * height) # 计算两指尖距离 finger_distance = math.hypot((middle_finger_x - index_finger_x), (middle_finger_y - index_finger_y)) # 如果双指合并(两之间距离近) if finger_distance < 60: # X坐标范围 Y坐标范围 if (index_finger_x > x and index_finger_x < (x + w)) and ( index_finger_y > y and index_finger_y < (y + h)): if on_square == False: L1 = index_finger_x - x L2 = index_finger_y - y square_color = (255, 0, 255) on_square = True else: # 双指不合并/分开 on_square = False square_color = (0, 255, 0) # 更新坐标 if on_square: x = index_finger_x - L1 y = index_finger_y - L2 # 图像融合 使方块不遮挡视频图片 overlay = frame.copy() cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), square_color, -1) frame = cv2.addWeighted(overlay, 0.5, frame, 1 - 0.5, 0) # 显示画面 cv2.imshow('frame',frame) # 退出条件 if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'): break cap.release() cv2.destroyAllWindows()
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