MIME类型的含义
MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型,当该扩展名文件被访问的时候,浏览器会自动使用指定应用程序来打开。多用于指定一些客户端自定义的文件名,以及一些媒体文件打开方式。
MIME的英文全称是"Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions" 多功能Internet 邮件扩充服务,它是一种多用途网际邮件扩充协议,在1992年最早应用于电子邮件系统,但后来也应用到浏览器。服务器会将它们发送的多媒体数据的类型告诉浏览器,而通知手段就是说明该多媒体数据的MIME类型,从而让浏览器知道接收到的信息哪些是MP3文件,哪些是Shockwave文件等等。服务器将MIME标志符放入传送的数据中来告诉浏览器使用哪种插件读取相关文件。
MIME能够支持非ASCII字符、二进制格式附件等多种格式的邮件消息。这个标准被定义在; RFC 2045,; RFC 2046,; RFC 2047,; RFC 2048,; RFC 2049等RFC中。 由RFC 822转变而来的RFC 2822,规定电子邮件标准并不允许在邮件消息中使用7位ASCII字符集以外的字符。正因如此,一些非英语字符消息和二进制文件,图像,声音等非文字消息都不能在电子邮件中传输。MIME规定了用于表示各种各样的数据类型的符号化方法。
浏览器接收到文件后,会进入插件系统进行查找,查找出哪种插件可以识别读取接收到的文件。如果浏览器不清楚调用哪种插件系统,它可能会告诉用户缺少某插件,或者直接选择某现有插件来试图读取接收到的文件,后者可能会导致系统的崩溃。传输的信息中缺少MIME标识可能导致的情况很难估计,因为某些计算机系统可能不会出现什么故障,但某些计算机可能就会因此而崩溃。
在把输出结果传送到浏览器上的时候,浏览器必须启动适当的应用程序来处理这个输出文档。这可以通过多种类型MIME(多功能网际邮件扩充协议)来完成。在HTTP中,MIME类型被定义在Content-Type header中。
例如,假设你要传送一个Microsoft Excel文件到客户端。那么这时的MIME类型就是“application/vnd.ms-excel”。在大多数实际情况中,这个文件然后将传送给Execl来处理(假设我们设定Excel为处理特殊MIME类型的应用程序)。在ASP.NET中,设定MIME类型的方法是通过Response对象的ContentType属性。
response的contentType
ajax开发中在请求服务器端的响应时, 对于每一种返回类型 规范的做法是要在服务端指定response的contentType 的. (当然 不指定绝大多数情况下也没什么问题 尤其是返回"非xml"的时候) 。
常遇到下面的几种情况:
1、 服务端需要返回一段普通文本给客户端,Content-Type="text/plain"
2 、服务端需要返回一段HTML代码给客户端 ,Content-Type="text/html"
3 、服务端需要返回一段XML代码给客户端 ,Content-Type="text/xml"
4 、服务端需要返回一段javascript代码给客户端,text/javascript
5 、服务端需要返回一段json串给客户端,application/Json
比较全面的contentType的类型值
文件扩展名 | Content-Type(Mime-Type) | 文件扩展名 | Content-Type(Mime-Type) |
---|---|---|---|
.*( 二进制流,不知道下载文件类型) | application/octet-stream | .tif | image/tiff |
.asp | text/asp | .asx | video/x-ms-asf |
.au | audio/basic | .avi | video/avi |
.awf | application/vnd.adobe.workflow | .biz | text/xml |
.bmp | application/x-bmp | .bot | application/x-bot |
.cit | application/x-cit | .class | java/* |
.csi | application/x-csi | .css | text/css |
.dcd | text/xml | .dcx | application/x-dcx |
.dib | application/x-dib | .dll | application/x-msdownload |
.doc | application/msword | .dot | application/msword |
.drw | application/x-drw | .dtd | text/xml |
.dwf | Model/vnd.dwf | .dwf | application/x-dwf |
.etd | application/x-ebx | .exe | application/x-msdownload |
.gif | image/gif | .gl2 | application/x-gl2 |
.hrf | application/x-hrf | .hta | application/hta |
.htc | text/x-component | .htm | text/html |
.html | text/html | .htt | text/webviewhtml |
.htx | text/html | .icb | application/x-icb |
.ico | image/x-icon | .ico | application/x-ico |
.iff | application/x-iff | .ig4 | application/x-g4 |
.igs | application/x-igs | .iii | application/x-iphone |
.img | application/x-img | .ins | application/x-internet-signup |
.java | java/* | .jfif | image/jpeg |
.jpe | image/jpeg | .jpe | application/x-jpe |
.jpeg | image/jpeg | .jpg | image/jpeg |
.jpg | application/x-jpg | .js | application/x-javascript |
.jsp | text/html | .la1 | audio/x-liquid-file |
.mdb | application/msaccess | .mdb | application/x-mdb |
.mfp | application/x-shockwave-flash | .mht | message/rfc822 |
.mhtml | message/rfc822 | .mi | application/x-mi |
.mid | audio/mid | .midi | audio/mid |
.mil | application/x-mil | .mml | text/xml |
.mnd | audio/x-musicnet-download | .mns | audio/x-musicnet-stream |
.mocha | application/x-javascript | .movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
.mp1 | audio/mp1 | .mp2 | audio/mp2 |
.mp2v | video/mpeg | .mp3 | audio/mp3 |
.mp4 | video/mpeg4 | .mpa | video/x-mpg |
.mpd | application/vnd.ms-project | .mpe | video/x-mpeg |
.mpeg | video/mpg | .mpg | video/mpg |
.mpga | audio/rn-mpeg | .mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
.mps | video/x-mpeg | .mpt | application/vnd.ms-project |
.mpv | video/mpg | .mpv2 | video/mpeg |
.mpw | application/vnd.ms-project | .mpx | application/vnd.ms-project |
.mtx | text/xml | .mxp | application/x-mmxp |
.net | image/pnetvue | .nrf | application/x-nrf |
.nws | message/rfc822 | .odc | text/x-ms-odc |
.out | application/x-out | .p10 | application/pkcs10 |
.p12 | application/x-pkcs12 | .p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
.p7c | application/pkcs7-mime | .p7m | application/pkcs7-mime |
.p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp | .p7s | application/pkcs7-signature |
.pc5 | application/x-pc5 | .pci | application/x-pci |
.pcl | application/x-pcl | .pcx | application/x-pcx |
application/pdf | application/pdf | ||
.pdx | application/vnd.adobe.pdx | .pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
.pgl | application/x-pgl | .pic | application/x-pic |
.pko | application/vnd.ms-pki.pko | .pl | application/x-perl |
.plg | text/html | .pls | audio/scpls |
.plt | application/x-plt | .png | image/png |
.png | application/x-png | .pot | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.ppa | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | .ppm | application/x-ppm |
.pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | .ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
.ppt | application/x-ppt | .pr | application/x-pr |
.prf | application/pics-rules | .prn | application/x-prn |
.prt | application/x-prt | .ps | application/x-ps |
.ps | application/postscript | .ptn | application/x-ptn |
.pwz | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | .r3t | text/vnd.rn-realtext3d |
.ra | audio/vnd.rn-realaudio | .ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
.ras | application/x-ras | .rat | application/rat-file |
.rdf | text/xml | .rec | application/vnd.rn-recording |
.red | application/x-red | .rgb | application/x-rgb |
.rjs | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjs | .rjt | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjt |
.rlc | application/x-rlc | .rle | application/x-rle |
.rm | application/vnd.rn-realmedia | .rmf | application/vnd.adobe.rmf |
.rmi | audio/mid | .rmj | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmj |
.rmm | audio/x-pn-realaudio | .rmp | application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package |
.rms | application/vnd.rn-realmedia-secure | .rmvb | application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr |
.rmx | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmx | .rnx | application/vnd.rn-realplayer |
.rp | image/vnd.rn-realpix | .rpm | audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin |
.rsml | application/vnd.rn-rsml | .rt | text/vnd.rn-realtext |
.rtf | application/msword | .rtf | application/x-rtf |
.rv | video/vnd.rn-realvideo | .sam | application/x-sam |
.sat | application/x-sat | .sdp | application/sdp |
.sdw | application/x-sdw | .sit | application/x-stuffit |
.slb | application/x-slb | .sld | application/x-sld |
.slk | drawing/x-slk | .smi | application/smil |
.smil | application/smil | .smk | application/x-smk |
.snd | audio/basic | .sol | text/plain |
.sor | text/plain | .spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
.spl | application/futuresplash | .spp | text/xml |
.ssm | application/streamingmedia | .sst | application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore |
.stl | application/vnd.ms-pki.stl | .stm | text/html |
.sty | application/x-sty | .svg | text/xml |
.swf | application/x-shockwave-flash | .tdf | application/x-tdf |
.tg4 | application/x-tg4 | .tga | application/x-tga |
.tif | image/tiff | .tif | application/x-tif |
.tiff | image/tiff | .tld | text/xml |
.top | drawing/x-top | .torrent | application/x-bittorrent |
.tsd | text/xml | .txt | text/plain |
.uin | application/x-icq | .uls | text/iuls |
.vcf | text/x-vcard | .vda | application/x-vda |
.vdx | application/vnd.visio | .vml | text/xml |
.vpg | application/x-vpeg005 | .vsd | application/vnd.visio |
.vsd | application/x-vsd | .vss | application/vnd.visio |
.vst | application/vnd.visio | .vst | application/x-vst |
.vsw | application/vnd.visio | .vsx | application/vnd.visio |
.vtx | application/vnd.visio | .vxml | text/xml |
.wav | audio/wav | .wax | audio/x-ms-wax |
.wb1 | application/x-wb1 | .wb2 | application/x-wb2 |
.wb3 | application/x-wb3 | .wbmp | image/vnd.wap.wbmp |
.wiz | application/msword | .wk3 | application/x-wk3 |
.wk4 | application/x-wk4 | .wkq | application/x-wkq |
.wks | application/x-wks | .wm | video/x-ms-wm |
.wma | audio/x-ms-wma | .wmd | application/x-ms-wmd |
.wmf | application/x-wmf | .wml | text/vnd.wap.wml |
.wmv | video/x-ms-wmv | .wmx | video/x-ms-wmx |
.wmz | application/x-ms-wmz | .wp6 | application/x-wp6 |
.wpd | application/x-wpd | .wpg | application/x-wpg |
.wpl | application/vnd.ms-wpl | .wq1 | application/x-wq1 |
.wr1 | application/x-wr1 | .wri | application/x-wri |
.wrk | application/x-wrk | .ws | application/x-ws |
.ws2 | application/x-ws | .wsc | text/scriptlet |
.wsdl | text/xml | .wvx | video/x-ms-wvx |
.xdp | application/vnd.adobe.xdp | .xdr | text/xml |
.xfd | application/vnd.adobe.xfd | .xfdf | application/vnd.adobe.xfdf |
.xhtml | text/html | .xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
.xls | application/x-xls | .xlw | application/x-xlw |
.xml | text/xml | .xpl | audio/scpls |
.xq | text/xml | .xql | text/xml |
.xquery | text/xml | .xsd | text/xml |
.xsl | text/xml | .xslt | text/xml |
.xwd | application/x-xwd | .x_b | application/x-x_b |
.sis | application/vnd.symbian.install | .sisx | application/vnd.symbian.install |
.x_t | application/x-x_t | .ipa | application/vnd.iphone |
.apk | application/vnd.android.package-archive | .xap | application/x-silverlight-app |