glance,nova,cinder,swift服务基本使用_cirros镜像下载

作者：不正经 | 2024-02-12 12:30:59

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cirros镜像下载

glance,nova,cinder,swift服务基本使用目录

基础准备
Glance服务的基本使用
1.创建镜像
(1)下载上传cirros镜像文件
(2)创建镜像

2.管理镜像
(1)查看镜像
(2)修改镜像

Nova服务的基本使用
1.创建flavor类型
(1)创建flavor类型
(2)查看flavor类型

2.访问安全组
(1)查看访问安全组
(2)创建访问安全组
(3)删除访问安全组
(4)添加安全组规则

3.启动虚拟机
(1)查询可用镜像
(2)创建网络和子网
(3)修改openstack平台
(4)启动云主机

4.管理虚拟机
(1)查看虚拟机
(2)操作虚拟机

5.云主机调整类型大小
(1)修改配置文件
（2）创建云主机类型
（3）调整云主机类型

Cinder服务基本使用
1.块存储服务
(1)创建镜像和网络
(2)修改OpenStack平台
(3)创建云主机
(4)查看Cinder服务状态
(5)创建块存储
(6)查看块存储
(7)挂载云硬盘

2.扩展卷
(1)扩展卷大小
(2)验证卷大小

Swift服务的基本使用
1.对象存储服务
(1)查看服务状态
(2)创建容器
(3)查看容器
(4)创建对象
(5)查看对象
(6)下载对象
(7)删除对象
(8)删除容器

2.分片存储案例
(1)创建容器
(2)上传镜像并分片存储

 基础准备

使用Centos7.9云主机搭建的Openstack平台作为实验节点

Glance服务的基本使用

1.创建镜像

(1)下载上传cirros镜像文件

CirrOS是一个极小的云操作系统，可以使用这个小的操作系统来进行Glance服务组件的操作练习。将提供的cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img镜像上传到controller节点的root目录下面。

[root@controller ~]# ls … cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
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将镜像上传至controller节点后，通过file命令查看镜像文件信息

[root@controller ~]# file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img: QEMU QCOW Image (v2), 41126400 bytes
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(2)创建镜像

查看创建镜像的命令格式

[root@controller ~]# glance help image-create usage: glance image-create [--architecture <ARCHITECTURE>] [--protected [True|False]] [--name <NAME>] [--instance-uuid <INSTANCE_UUID>] [--min-disk <MIN_DISK>] [--visibility <VISIBILITY>] [--kernel-id <KERNEL_ID>] [--tags <TAGS> [<TAGS> ...]] [--os-version <OS_VERSION>] [--disk-format <DISK_FORMAT>] [--os-distro <OS_DISTRO>] [--id <ID>] [--owner <OWNER>] [--ramdisk-id <RAMDISK_ID>] [--min-ram <MIN_RAM>] [--container-format <CONTAINER_FORMAT>] [--hidden [True|False]] [--property <key=value>] [--file <FILE>] [--progress] [--store <STORE
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参数说明：

–disk-format: 镜像格式

–container-format: 镜像在其他项目中的可见性

–progress: 显示上传镜像的进度

–file：选择本地镜像文件

–name: 上传后镜像的名称

使用镜像cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img通过命令上传镜像至OpenStack中。

[root@controller ~]# glance image-create --name cirrosA --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --progress --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img [=============================>] 100% +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2023-02-03T09:38:22Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirrosA | | os_hash_algo | sha512 | | os_hash_value | 1b03ca1bc3fafe448b90583c12f367949f8b0e665685979d95b004e48574b953316799e23240f4f7 | | | 39d1b5eb4c4ca24d38fdc6f4f9d8247a2bc64db25d6bbdb2 | | os_hidden | False | | owner | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protected | False | | size | 13287936 | | status | active | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-03T09:38:23Z | | virtual_size | Not available | | visibility | shared | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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2.管理镜像

(1)查看镜像

通过命令可以在OpenStack平台中查看当前Glance中所上传的镜像名称

[root@controller ~]# glance image-list +--------------------------------------+---------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+---------+ | d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 | cirrosA | +--------------------------------------+---------+
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查看镜像的详细信息

[root@controller ~]# glance image-show d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2023-02-03T09:38:22Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirrosA | | os_hash_algo | sha512 | | os_hash_value | 1b03ca1bc3fafe448b90583c12f367949f8b0e665685979d95b004e48574b953316799e23240f4f7 | | | 39d1b5eb4c4ca24d38fdc6f4f9d8247a2bc64db25d6bbdb2 | | os_hidden | False | | owner | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protected | False | | size | 13287936 | | status | active | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-03T09:38:23Z | | virtual_size | Not available | | visibility | shared | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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(2)修改镜像

可以使用 glance image-update 更新镜像信息

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# glance help image-update usage: glance image-update [--architecture <ARCHITECTURE>] [--protected [True|False]] [--name <NAME>] [--instance-uuid <INSTANCE_UUID>] [--min-disk <MIN_DISK>] [--visibility <VISIBILITY>] [--kernel-id <KERNEL_ID>] [--os-version <OS_VERSION>] [--disk-format <DISK_FORMAT>] [--os-distro <OS_DISTRO>] [--owner <OWNER>] [--ramdisk-id <RAMDISK_ID>] [--min-ram <MIN_RAM>] [--container-format <CONTAINER_FORMAT>] [--hidden [True|False]] [--property <key=value>] [--remove-property key] <IMAGE_ID>
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参数说明：

–min-disk: 镜像启动最小硬盘大小
–name：镜像名称
–disk-format：镜像格式
–min-ram：镜像启动最小内存大小
–container-format：镜像在项目中可见性

如果需要改变镜像启动硬盘最低要求值(min-disk)1G,(min-ram)1024M，min-disk默认单位为G,min-ram默认单位为M

使用glance image-update 更新镜像信息

[root@controller ~]# glance image-update --min-disk=1 --min-ram=1024 d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2023-02-03T09:38:22Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 | | min_disk | 1 | | min_ram | 1024 | | name | cirrosA | | os_hash_algo | sha512 | | os_hash_value | 1b03ca1bc3fafe448b90583c12f367949f8b0e665685979d95b004e48574b953316799e23240f4f7 | | | 39d1b5eb4c4ca24d38fdc6f4f9d8247a2bc64db25d6bbdb2 | | os_hidden | False | | owner | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protected | False | | size | 13287936 | | status | active | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-03T09:49:18Z | | virtual_size | Not available | | visibility | shared | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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(3)删除镜像

使用glance image-delete 删除上传至openstack平台中的镜像

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# glance help image-delete usage: glance image-delete <IMAGE_ID> [<IMAGE_ID> ...] Delete specified image. Positional arguments: <IMAGE_ID> ID of image(s) to delete. Run `glance --os-image-api-version 1 help image-delete` for v1 help
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只需要在命令后跟上镜像ID即可

[root@controller ~]# glance image-delete d673cd4f-adc1-4bbc-9f03-2292f2339355 [root@controller ~]# glance image-list +--------------------------------------+--------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+--------+ | | | +--------------------------------------+--------+
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Nova服务的基本使用

1.创建flavor类型

flavor类型为Openstack在创建云主机时需要提供的云主机大小类型，云主机的资源大小可使用不同的flavor来定义

(1)创建flavor类型

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack help flavor create usage: openstack flavor create [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--prefix PREFIX] [--id <id>] [--ram <size-mb>] [--disk <size-gb>] [--ephemeral <size-gb>] [--swap <size-mb>] [--vcpus <vcpus>] [--rxtx-factor <factor>] [--public | --private] [--property <key=value>] [--project <project>] [--description <description>] [--project-domain <project-domain>] <flavor-name>
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使用命令创建一个flavor，10G的硬盘大小，512内存，1颗vCPU，ID为10，名称为flavor1

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor create --disk 10 --ram 512 --vcpu 1 --id 10 flavor1 +----------------------------+---------+ | Field | Value | +----------------------------+---------+ | OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False | | OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 | | disk | 10 | | id | 10 | | name | flavor1 | | os-flavor-access:is_public | True | | properties | | | ram | 512 | | rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | swap | | | vcpus | 1 | +----------------------------+---------+
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(2)查看flavor类型

使用 openstack flavor list 命令查看flavor类型列表

+----+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public | +----+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True | | 10 | flavor1 | 512 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 1024 | 20 | 0 | 1 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 2048 | 40 | 0 | 2 | True | +----+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
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使用 openstack flavor show 命令查看flavor类型的详细信息

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor show --help usage: openstack flavor show [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--prefix PREFIX] <flavor>
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查看刚刚创建的flavor1的详细信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor show flavor1 +----------------------------+---------+ | Field | Value | +----------------------------+---------+ | OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False | | OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 | | access_project_ids | None | | disk | 10 | | id | 10 | | name | flavor1 | | os-flavor-access:is_public | True | | properties | | | ram | 512 | | rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | swap | | | vcpus | 1 | +----------------------------+---------+
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2.访问安全组

访问安全组为是OpenStack提供给云主机的一个访问策略控制组，通过安全组中的策略可以控制云主机的出入访问规则

(1)查看访问安全组

使用命令 openstack security group list 可以查看当前所创建的访问安全组列表。

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group list +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+------+ | ID | Name | Description | Project | Tags | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+------+ | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | default | 缺省安全组 | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | [] | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+------+
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default 为Openstack平台自带的安全组，通过命令可以查看安全组中的安全规则

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group rule list default +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ | ID | IP Protocol | Ethertype | IP Range | Port Range | Remote Security Group | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ | 2d1decd6-977e-4177-9238-f52905a8c0f5 | None | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | 429d445b-0997-4900-9222-820f1b216610 | None | IPv6 | ::/0 | | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | 51342679-35ff-4c51-97e5-c7cbe462e95c | None | IPv6 | ::/0 | | None | | e3bc9e29-588e-43a1-a51a-d50bb93f105a | None | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+
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在安全组规则列表中，不能看出每条规则的具体策略，通过使用命令 openstack security group rule show 查看任意规则的详细信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group rule show 2d1decd6-977e-4177-9238-f52905a8c0f5 +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2023-02-03T10:10:18Z | | description | None | | direction | ingress | | ether_type | IPv4 | | id | 2d1decd6-977e-4177-9238-f52905a8c0f5 | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | None | | port_range_max | None | | port_range_min | None | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protocol | None | | remote_group_id | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 | | revision_number | 0 | | security_group_id | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-03T10:10:18Z | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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(2)创建访问安全组

创建一个新的安全组

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack help security group create usage: openstack security group create [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--prefix PREFIX] [--description <description>] [--project <project>] [--project-domain <project-domain>] [--tag <tag> | --no-tag] <name>
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使用命令创建新的安全组规则，命令如下：

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group create anquan1 +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2023-02-03T10:21:22Z | | description | anquan1 | | id | 1604f6c8-9491-4fc0-a662-1fbb531cac53 | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | anquan1 | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | revision_number | 1 | | rules | created_at='2023-02-03T10:21:22Z', direction='egress', ethertype='IPv4', id='7cc3d35a-f7b3-400c-b469-7ab7caedd060', updated_at='2023-02-03T10:21:22Z' | | | created_at='2023-02-03T10:21:22Z', direction='egress', ethertype='IPv6', id='adae6111-cb9b-4d75-b82d-b9eb5806707a', updated_at='2023-02-03T10:21:22Z' | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-03T10:21:22Z | +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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(3)删除访问安全组

可以使用命令删除不使用的访问安全组

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group delete anquan1 [root@controller ~]# openstack security group list +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+------+ | ID | Name | Description | Project | Tags | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+------+ | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | default | 缺省安全组 | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | [] | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+------+
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(4)添加安全组规则

在默认安全组中添加三条需要使用的访问规则，使用 openstack security group rule create 命令

命令格式如下：

[root@controller ~]# openstack help security group rule create usage: openstack security group rule create [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--prefix PREFIX] [--remote-ip <ip-address> | --remote-group <group>] [--description <description>] [--dst-port <port-range>] [--icmp-type <icmp-type>] [--icmp-code <icmp-code>] [--protocol <protocol>] [--ingress | --egress] [--ethertype <ethertype>] [--project <project>] [--project-domain <project-domain>] <group>
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在“defualt”安全组中添加一条策略，从入口方向放行所有ICMP规则

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group rule create --protocol icmp --ingress default +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2023-02-04T13:53:58Z | | description | | | direction | ingress | | ether_type | IPv4 | | id | fbe38199-b607-4ad1-b3e6-4b02ffb9f010 | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | None | | port_range_max | None | | port_range_min | None | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protocol | icmp | | remote_group_id | None | | remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 | | revision_number | 0 | | security_group_id | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-04T13:53:58Z | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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在“defualt”安全组中添加一条策略，从入口方向放行所有TCP规则

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group rule create --protocol tcp --ingress default +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2023-02-04T13:55:16Z | | description | | | direction | ingress | | ether_type | IPv4 | | id | 95e707b0-ab11-44f9-8d67-b1762c60519a | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | None | | port_range_max | None | | port_range_min | None | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protocol | tcp | | remote_group_id | None | | remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 | | revision_number | 0 | | security_group_id | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-04T13:55:16Z | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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在“defualt”安全组中添加一条策略，从入口方向放行所有UDP规则

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group rule create --protocol udp --ingress default +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2023-02-04T13:57:24Z | | description | | | direction | ingress | | ether_type | IPv4 | | id | 19a957f3-0b75-45a6-b48f-177b686b1ed1 | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | None | | port_range_max | None | | port_range_min | None | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protocol | udp | | remote_group_id | None | | remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 | | revision_number | 0 | | security_group_id | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-04T13:57:24Z | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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查看“default”安全组中所有的规则列表信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack security group rule list default +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ | ID | IP Protocol | Ethertype | IP Range | Port Range | Remote Security Group | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ | 19a957f3-0b75-45a6-b48f-177b686b1ed1 | udp | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | | 2d1decd6-977e-4177-9238-f52905a8c0f5 | None | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | 429d445b-0997-4900-9222-820f1b216610 | None | IPv6 | ::/0 | | 3d996b69-079f-41da-84bd-2065f6522fb2 | | 51342679-35ff-4c51-97e5-c7cbe462e95c | None | IPv6 | ::/0 | | None | | 95e707b0-ab11-44f9-8d67-b1762c60519a | tcp | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | | e3bc9e29-588e-43a1-a51a-d50bb93f105a | None | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | | fbe38199-b607-4ad1-b3e6-4b02ffb9f010 | icmp | IPv4 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+
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3.启动虚拟机

(1)查询可用镜像

上传镜像，使用 openstack image list 命令来查询当前可用镜像列表

[root@controller ~]# glance image-create --name cirrosB --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img .... [root@controller ~]# openstack image list +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+ | 141700fc-dffc-412e-9a17-8f9cb1472069 | cirrosB | active | +--------------------------------------+---------+--------+
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使用 openstack flavor list 命令查看可用的类型

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor list +----+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public | +----+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True | | 10 | flavor1 | 512 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 1024 | 20 | 0 | 1 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 2048 | 40 | 0 | 2 | True | +----+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
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(2)创建网络和子网

使用 openstack network create 命令创建网络信息

–provider-physical-network：将提供者网络“provider”绑定在物理网卡上

–provider-network-type：提供者网络“provider”的网络类型

[root@controller ~]# openstack network create --provider-network-type vlan --provider-physical-network provider --provider-segment 200 network-vlan +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | | | created_at | 2023-02-04T14:17:49Z | | description | | | dns_domain | None | | id | 60177e17-0769-4c3f-8342-2cb8ee0d942c | | ipv4_address_scope | None | | ipv6_address_scope | None | | is_default | False | | is_vlan_transparent | None | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | mtu | 1500 | | name | network-vlan | | port_security_enabled | True | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | provider:network_type | vlan | | provider:physical_network | provider | | provider:segmentation_id | 200 | | qos_policy_id | None | | revision_number | 1 | | router:external | Internal | | segments | None | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tags | | | updated_at | 2023-02-04T14:17:49Z | +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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使用 openstack subnet create 创建子网

[root@controller ~]# openstack subnet create --network network-vlan --allocation-pool start=192.168.200.100,end=192.168.200.200 --gateway 192.168.200.1 --subnet-range 192.168.200.0/24 subnet-vlan +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | 192.168.200.100-192.168.200.200 | | cidr | 192.168.200.0/24 | | created_at | 2023-02-04T14:38:45Z | | description | | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 192.168.200.1 | | host_routes | | | id | 6415aa4c-97c4-418e-b090-0113ab983bad | | ip_version | 4 | | ipv6_address_mode | None | | ipv6_ra_mode | None | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | subnet-vlan | | network_id | 34d8eb6d-b62b-43cb-8d9c-84cc0df39cab | | prefix_length | None | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | revision_number | 0 | | segment_id | None | | service_types | | | subnetpool_id | None | | tags | | | updated_at | 2023-02-04T14:38:45Z | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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(3)修改openstack平台

修改Nova服务配置文件，设置参数“ virt_type=qemu ”

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf ... virt_type=qemu ... [root@controller ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute
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(4)启动云主机

使用 openstack server create 命令创建云主机

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack server create --help usage: openstack server create [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--prefix PREFIX] (--image <image> | --image-property <key=value> | --volume <volume>) --flavor <flavor> [--security-group <security-group>] [--key-name <key-name>] [--property <key=value>] [--file <dest-filename=source-filename>] [--user-data <user-data>] [--description <description>] [--availability-zone <zone-name>] [--host <host>] [--hypervisor-hostname <hypervisor-hostname>] [--boot-from-volume <volume-size>] [--block-device-mapping <dev-name=mapping>] [--nic <net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,v6-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid,auto,none>] [--network <network>] [--port <port>] [--hint <key=value>] [--config-drive <config-drive-volume>|True] [--min <count>] [--max <count>] [--wait] <server-name>
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通过命令创建云主机，使用cirros镜像，flavor为1核vCPU，512M内存，10G硬盘，使用network-vlan网络，云主机名为“cirros-test”

[root@controller ~]# openstack server create --image cirrosB --flavor 10 --network network-vlan cirros-test +-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | aX2f5QifKuQg | | config_drive | | | created | 2023-02-04T15:23:51Z | | flavor | flavor1 (10) | | hostId | | | id | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | | image | cirrosB (141700fc-dffc-412e-9a17-8f9cb1472069) | | key_name | None | | name | cirros-test | | progress | 0 | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | properties | | | security_groups | name='default' | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2023-02-04T15:23:51Z | | user_id | 17f22f6d5c4e40f1a0f50f3bc965babf | | volumes_attached | | +-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
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4.管理虚拟机

(1)查看虚拟机

使用 openstack server list 命令查看虚拟机列表信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | ACTIVE | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | flavor1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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使用命令可以查看虚拟机的具体信息，包括使用的安全组、flavor以及网络信息，通过命令“openstack server show”进行查看

[root@controller ~]# openstack server show cirros-test +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | compute | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | compute | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000001 | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | Running | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | None | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | 2023-02-04T15:24:04.000000 | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | | config_drive | | | created | 2023-02-04T15:23:51Z | | flavor | flavor1 (10) | | hostId | 2622f01ff3fe6dc7b6358c1d3740cb6bb8309dd866724a4bcbbe736a | | id | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | | image | cirrosB (141700fc-dffc-412e-9a17-8f9cb1472069) | | key_name | None | | name | cirros-test | | progress | 0 | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | properties | | | security_groups | name='default' | | status | ACTIVE | | updated | 2023-02-04T15:24:04Z | | user_id | 17f22f6d5c4e40f1a0f50f3bc965babf | | volumes_attached | | +-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
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(2)操作虚拟机

可以通过命令操作虚拟机，对虚拟机进行关机、开机、重启等操作。关闭虚拟机操作

[root@controller ~]# openstack server stop cirros-test [root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | SHUTOFF | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | flavor1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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通过命令操作虚拟机，对虚拟机进行开机操作

[root@controller ~]# openstack server start cirros-test [root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | ACTIVE | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | flavor1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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通过命令操作虚拟机，对虚拟机进行重启操作

[root@controller ~]# openstack server reboot cirros-test [root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | ACTIVE | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | flavor1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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5.云主机调整类型大小

(1)修改配置文件

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf ... allow_resize_to_same_host=true ... [root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf ... scheduler_default_filters = RetryFilter,AvailabilityZoneFilter,ComputeFilter,ComputeCapabilitiesFilter,ImagePropertiesFilter,ServerGroupAntiAffinityFilter,ServerGroupAffinityFilter ..
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修改完配置文件后重启相关服务

[root@controller ~]#systemctl restart openstack-nova*
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（2）创建云主机类型

现有云主机硬盘和内存不满足使用，需要对现有云主机进行资源扩容，将内存扩容至1G，硬盘扩容至15G大小，类型名称为“centos1”首先创建一个新的云主机类型满足扩容资源的需求。通过命令创建新云主机类型

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor create --disk 15 --ram 1024 --vcpus 2 centos1 +----------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +----------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False | | OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 | | disk | 15 | | id | 7c95bc36-c6f8-4934-8a5a-4668667716ed | | name | centos1 | | os-flavor-access:is_public | True | | properties | | | ram | 1024 | | rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | swap | | | vcpus | 2 | +----------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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查看当前云主机类型列表

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor list +--------------------------------------+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public | +--------------------------------------+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True | | 10 | flavor1 | 512 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 1024 | 20 | 0 | 1 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 2048 | 40 | 0 | 2 | True | | 7c95bc36-c6f8-4934-8a5a-4668667716ed | centos1 | 1024 | 15 | 0 | 2 | True | +--------------------------------------+-----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
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（3）调整云主机类型

查看云主机列表，通过命令查看云主机列表

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | ACTIVE | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | flavor1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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使用命令“openstack server resize”调整云主机类型

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack help server resize usage: openstack server resize [-h] [--flavor <flavor> | --confirm | --revert] [--wait] <server> <server> Server (name or ID) optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --flavor <flavor> Resize server to specified flavor --confirm Confirm server resize is complete --revert Restore server state before resize --wait Wait for resize to complete=
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修改dashboard配置文件

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ... SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.file' ... [root@controller ~]# systemctl restart httpd memcached
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使用命令调整云主机“cirros-test”类型为centos1，使用–wait参数，在命令执行后，调整云主机需要一定时间，添加–wait参数后会在确认时回馈“complete”

[root@controller ~]# openstack server resize --flavor centos1 --wait cirros-test Complete [root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+---------------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+---------------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | VERIFY_RESIZE | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | centos1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+---------------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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登录OpenStack，在左侧导航栏选择项目→计算→实例，在实例最后的动作下拉菜单中选择“确认调整大小/迁移”

确认调整大小/迁移

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调整成功

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 5cfcde24-b785-45ac-9f07-9390d827a6cc | cirros-test | ACTIVE | network-vlan=192.168.200.164 | cirrosB | centos1 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+---------+---------+
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Cinder服务基本使用

1.块存储服务

(1)创建镜像和网络

[root@controller ~]# source /etc/keystone/admin-openrc.sh [root@controller ~]# glance image-create --name cirros11 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2023-02-05T14:11:40Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | 3095227e-e7ed-49f1-858f-e192a4c873a2 | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirros11 | | os_hash_algo | sha512 | | os_hash_value | 1b03ca1bc3fafe448b90583c12f367949f8b0e665685979d95b004e48574b953316799e23240f4f7 | | | 39d1b5eb4c4ca24d38fdc6f4f9d8247a2bc64db25d6bbdb2 | | os_hidden | False | | owner | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | protected | False | | size | 13287936 | | status | active | | tags | [] | | updated_at | 2023-02-05T14:11:40Z | | virtual_size | Not available | | visibility | shared | +------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# openstack network create --provider-network-type vlan --provider-physical-network provider --provider-segment 230 net-vlan1 +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | | | created_at | 2023-02-05T14:13:44Z | | description | | | dns_domain | None | | id | 94bb4d71-b3e9-443e-906f-4fe68ef834df | | ipv4_address_scope | None | | ipv6_address_scope | None | | is_default | False | | is_vlan_transparent | None | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | mtu | 1500 | | name | net-vlan1 | | port_security_enabled | True | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | provider:network_type | vlan | | provider:physical_network | provider | | provider:segmentation_id | 230 | | qos_policy_id | None | | revision_number | 1 | | router:external | Internal | | segments | None | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tags | | | updated_at | 2023-02-05T14:13:44Z | +---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# openstack subnet create --network net-vlan1 --allocation-pool start=192.168.200.20,end=192.168.200.30 --gateway 192.168.200.1 --subnet-range 192.168.200.0/24 subnet-vlan1 +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | 192.168.200.20-192.168.200.30 | | cidr | 192.168.200.0/24 | | created_at | 2023-02-05T14:16:13Z | | description | | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 192.168.200.1 | | host_routes | | | id | 8986d67b-01fb-4d49-9d4e-f8de3bcc4e93 | | ip_version | 4 | | ipv6_address_mode | None | | ipv6_ra_mode | None | | location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='demo', project.id='ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= | | name | subnet-vlan1 | | network_id | 94bb4d71-b3e9-443e-906f-4fe68ef834df | | prefix_length | None | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | revision_number | 0 | | segment_id | None | | service_types | | | subnetpool_id | None | | tags | | | updated_at | 2023-02-05T14:16:13Z | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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(2)修改OpenStack平台

修改Nova服务配置文件，设置参数 virt_type=qemu

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf ... virt_type=qemu ... [root@controller ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova*
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(3)创建云主机

[root@controller ~]# openstack server create --image cirros11 --flavor 2 --network net-vlan1 cirros-test2 +-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | 8avEgV7WpTdG | | config_drive | | | created | 2023-02-05T14:21:57Z | | flavor | m1.small (2) | | hostId | | | id | 39eb1560-2dbf-4347-9466-3855f4acf668 | | image | cirros11 (3095227e-e7ed-49f1-858f-e192a4c873a2) | | key_name | None | | name | cirros-test2 | | progress | 0 | | project_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | properties | | | security_groups | name='default' | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2023-02-05T14:21:57Z | | user_id | 17f22f6d5c4e40f1a0f50f3bc965babf | | volumes_attached | | +-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
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(4)查看Cinder服务状态

使用 openstack volume service list 查询块存储服务状态

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume service list +------------------+-------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+ | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated At | +------------------+-------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+ | cinder-volume | compute@lvm | nova | enabled | up | 2023-02-05T14:23:09.000000 | | cinder-scheduler | controller | nova | enabled | up | 2023-02-05T14:23:12.000000 | +------------------+-------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
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(5)创建块存储

使用 openstack volume create 创建块存储

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume create --help usage: openstack volume create [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--prefix PREFIX] [--size <size>] [--type <volume-type>] [--image <image> | --snapshot <snapshot> | --source <volume>] [--description <description>] [--availability-zone <availability-zone>] [--consistency-group consistency-group>] [--property <key=value>] [--hint <key=value>] [--bootable | --non-bootable] [--read-only | --read-write] <name>
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通过命令创建块存储，大小为2G，名称为 volume

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume create --size 2 volume +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2023-02-05T14:26:16.000000 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | d65804fb-688a-4187-a2d4-08a62f8a7c3f | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | volume | | properties | | | replication_status | None | | size | 2 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | creating | | type | None | | updated_at | None | | user_id | 17f22f6d5c4e40f1a0f50f3bc965babf | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
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(6)查看块存储

使用 openstack volume list 命令查看块存储列表信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume list +--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Size | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+ | d65804fb-688a-4187-a2d4-08a62f8a7c3f | volume | available | 2 | | +--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
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通过openstack volume show 命令查看某一块存储的详细信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume show volume +--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2023-02-05T14:26:16.000000 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | d65804fb-688a-4187-a2d4-08a62f8a7c3f | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | volume | | os-vol-host-attr:host | compute@lvm#LVM | | os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None | | os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None | | os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | ad1ecfaf84ae410c8e5db7c8ff37db39 | | properties | | | replication_status | None | | size | 2 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | available | | type | None | | updated_at | 2023-02-05T14:26:18.000000 | | user_id | 17f22f6d5c4e40f1a0f50f3bc965babf | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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(7)挂载云硬盘

块存储设备创建成功后，可以在openstack 上将该设备挂载至云主机上，可以作为一块云硬盘来使用。

给云主机添加一块磁盘

将块存储挂载至云主机的命令为 openstack server add volume

命令格斯如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack server add volume --help usage: openstack server add volume [-h] [--device <device>] <server> <volume> Add volume to server. Specify ``--os-compute-api-version 2.20`` or higher to add a volume to a server with status ``SHELVED`` or ``SHELVED_OFFLOADED``. positional arguments: <server> Server (name or ID) <volume> Volume to add (name or ID)
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使用命令将刚刚创建的 volume 块存储添加至云主机 cirros-test2 上

[root@controller ~]# openstack server add volume cirros-test2 volume
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使用命令查看块存储列表信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+------+---------------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Size | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+------+---------------------------------------+ | d65804fb-688a-4187-a2d4-08a62f8a7c3f | volume | in-use | 2 | Attached to cirros-test2 on /dev/vdb | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+------+---------------------------------------+
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2.扩展卷

(1)扩展卷大小

创建完卷后可能因为需求变更，需要对已有的卷进行扩容操作，这时需要用到 openstack volume set 抿了修改卷的信息

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume set --help usage: openstack volume set [-h] [--name <name>] [--size <size>] [--description <description>] [--no-property] [--property <key=value>] [--image-property <key=value>] [--state <state>] [--attached | --detached] [--type <volume-type>] [--retype-policy <retype-policy>] [--bootable | --non-bootable] [--read-only | --read-write] <volume>
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分离卷，通过命令将 volume 卷大小从2G扩容至3G，使用–size 参数可修改已创建好的卷大小

[root@controller ~]# openstack server remove volume cirros-test2 volume [root@controller ~]# openstack volume set --size 3 volume [root@controller ~]# openstack volume list +--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Size | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+ | d65804fb-688a-4187-a2d4-08a62f8a7c3f | volume | available | 3 | | +--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
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(2)验证卷大小

将扩容后的卷 volume 挂载至云主机 cirros-test2 上

[root@controller ~]# openstack server add volume cirros-test2 volume [root@controller ~]# openstack volume list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+------+---------------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Size | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+------+---------------------------------------+ | d65804fb-688a-4187-a2d4-08a62f8a7c3f | volume | in-use | 3 | Attached to cirros-test2 on /dev/vdb | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+------+---------------------------------------+
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可以看到卷 volume 挂载至云主机 cirros-test2 上盘符的名称为 /dev/vdb 使用 virsh 工具登录云主机输入命令 lsblk

查看云硬盘大小是否 3G

[root@compute ~]# virsh list Id 名称状态 ---------------------------------------------------- 1 instance-00000001 running 3 instance-00000002 running [root@compute ~]# virsh consolo instance-00000002 错误：未知的命令：'consolo' [root@compute ~]# virsh console 错误：命令 'console' 需要 <domain> 选项 [root@compute ~]# virsh console instance-00000002 连接到域 instance-00000002 换码符为 ^] login as 'cirros' user. default password: 'cubswin:)'. use 'sudo' for root. cirros login: cirros Password: $ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT vda 253:0 0 20G 0 disk `-vda1 253:1 0 20G 0 part / vdb 253:16 0 3G 0 disk
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可以看到显示盘符 vdb 大小为 3G 此时云硬盘已经扩展完成

Swift服务的基本使用

1.对象存储服务

(1)查看服务状态

在openstack平台中使用 swift stat 查看对象存储服务的状态

[root@controller ~]# swift stat Account: AUTH_2dd8f147022949548b9bdf2f2eb17790 Containers: 0 Objects: 0 Bytes: 0 X-Put-Timestamp: 1675591940.80565 X-Timestamp: 1675591940.80565 X-Trans-Id: tx3587d8646d084f19b8d26-0063df8104 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 X-Openstack-Request-Id: tx3587d8646d084f19b8d26-0063df8104
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(2)创建容器

通过 openstack container create 命令创建容器

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack container create --help usage: openstack container create [-h] [-f {csv,json,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--quote {all,minimal,none,nonnumeric}] [--sort-column SORT_COLUMN] <container-name> [<container-name> ...]
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使用命令创建容器名称为 swift-test

[root@controller ~]# openstack container create container1 +---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | account | container | x-trans-id | +---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | AUTH_2dd8f147022949548b9bdf2f2eb17790 | container1 | tx0b85327a7c22408383b82-0063df821a | +---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+
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(3)查看容器

使用命令查询容器列表信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack container list +------------+ | Name | +------------+ | container1 | +------------+
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使用命令查询容器详细信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack container show container1 +--------------+---------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+---------------------------------------+ | account | AUTH_2dd8f147022949548b9bdf2f2eb17790 | | bytes_used | 0 | | container | container1 | | object_count | 0 | +--------------+---------------------------------------+
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(4)创建对象

创建完容器后，可以创建对象，通过使用命令 openstack object create 在对象中创建对象

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack object create --help usage: openstack object create [-h] [-f {csv,json,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--quote {all,minimal,none,nonnumeric}] [--sort-column SORT_COLUMN] [--name <name>] <container> <filename> [<filename> ...]
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在使用命令创建对象前，需要将上传后的目录结构在本地创建，在本地创建名为 test 的目录/root/test,将/root/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件复制至 /root/test 目录中

[root@controller ~]# mkdir test [root@controller ~]# cp -rvf anaconda-ks.cfg test/ "anaconda-ks.cfg" -> "test/anaconda-ks.cfg" [root@controller ~]# ls test/ anaconda-ks.cfg
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创建对象的过程也是向容器中上传文件，使用命令创建 test/anaconda-ks.cfg 和 anaconda-ks.cfg 对象

[root@controller ~]# openstack object create container1 test/anaconda-ks.cfg +----------------------+------------+----------------------------------+ | object | container | etag | +----------------------+------------+----------------------------------+ | test/anaconda-ks.cfg | container1 | d36057f078895b4ce261e5a2abddf671 | +----------------------+------------+----------------------------------+
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(5)查看对象

创建完对象后，通过命令查看容器中对象信息，使用命令“openstack object list” 查看对象信息

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack object list --help usage: openstack object list [-h] [-f {csv,json,table,value,yaml}] [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>] [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent] [--quote {all,minimal,none,nonnumeric}] [--sort-column SORT_COLUMN] [--prefix <prefix>] [--delimiter <delimiter>] [--marker <marker>] [--end-marker <end-marker>] [--limit <num-objects>] [--long] [--all] <container>
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使用命令查看容器 container1 中所有对象信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack object list container1 +----------------------+ | Name | +----------------------+ | test/anaconda-ks.cfg | +----------------------+
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通过查询命令可以看出，在通过命令上传对象时，本地路径即为容器内对象路径。使用 openstack object show 查询 container1 容器中 test/anaconda-ks.cfg 对象的详细信息

[root@controller ~]# openstack object show container1 test/anaconda-ks.cfg +----------------+---------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +----------------+---------------------------------------+ | account | AUTH_8477005613924107b281ef0292377fff | | container | container1 | | content-length | 1537 | | content-type | application/octet-stream | | etag | d36057f078895b4ce261e5a2abddf671 | | last-modified | Tue, 07 Feb 2023 08:18:53 GMT | | object | test/anaconda-ks.cfg | +----------------+---------------------------------------+
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(6)下载对象

存储在容器中的对象，可以在需要使用时，通过 openstack object save 命令进行下载至本地

命令格式如下

[root@controller ~]# openstack object save --help usage: openstack object save [-h] [--file <filename>] <container> <object> Save object locally
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使用命令将 container1 容器中的 test/anaconda-ks.cfg 对象下载至本地/opt/目录下

[root@controller opt]# openstack object save container1 test/anaconda-ks.cfg [root@controller opt]# ls test/ anaconda-ks.cfg
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(7)删除对象

使用 openstack object delete 命令删除容器内的对象

命令格式如下

[root@controller opt]# openstack object delete --help usage: openstack object delete [-h] <container> <object> [<object> ...]
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使用删除容器命令删除 container1 中的对象 test/anaconda-ks.cfg

[root@controller opt]# openstack object delete container1 test/anaconda-ks.cfg [root@controller opt]# openstack object list container1
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(8)删除容器

使用 openstack container delete 命令删除容器

命令格式如下

[root@controller test]# openstack container delete --help usage: openstack container delete [-h] [--recursive] <container> [<container> ...]
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使用删除命令删除容器 container1

[root@controller opt]# openstack container delete container1 [root@controller opt]# openstack container list
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2.分片存储案例

(1)创建容器

使用命令创建一个容器 test 并查看容器的状态信息

[root@controller opt]# openstack container create container2 +---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | account | container | x-trans-id | +---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | AUTH_8477005613924107b281ef0292377fff | container2 | tx42b3d14b9e3d453b9efb0-0063e20dc4 | +---------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ [root@controller opt]# swift stat container2 Account: AUTH_8477005613924107b281ef0292377fff Container: container2 Objects: 0 Bytes: 0 Read ACL: Write ACL: Sync To: Sync Key: Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Storage-Policy: Policy-0 Last-Modified: Tue, 07 Feb 2023 08:37:26 GMT X-Timestamp: 1675759045.17190 X-Trans-Id: txec129673c23344ed998f2-0063e20dcd Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 X-Openstack-Request-Id: txec129673c23344ed998f2-0063e20dcd
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(2)上传镜像并分片存储

上传镜像，并使用命令上传至test容器中，进行分片存储，每个片段大小为10M

[root@controller test]# swift upload container2 -S 10000000 cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img segment 1 cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img segment 0 cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
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查看cirros镜像的存储路径

[root@controller test]# swift stat container2 cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img Account: AUTH_8477005613924107b281ef0292377fff Container: container2 Object: cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img Content Type: application/octet-stream Content Length: 13287936 Last Modified: Tue, 07 Feb 2023 08:47:09 GMT ETag: "cca17a689bfcd70118fabc833af0d033" Manifest: container2_segments/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img/1675759156.181087/13287936/10000000/ Meta Mtime: 1675759156.181087 Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Timestamp: 1675759628.40876 X-Trans-Id: tx5c5baf471ab3468cb2a57-0063e2109e X-Openstack-Request-Id: tx5c5baf471ab3468cb2a57-0063e2109e
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查看存储路径中的数据片

[root@controller test]# swift list container2_segments cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img/1675759156.181087/13287936/10000000/00000000 cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img/1675759156.181087/13287936/10000000/00000001
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可以看到，cirros镜像在上传至Swift对象存储中被分片存储了，单个存储篇的大小为 10M，因为镜像大小为16M左右，所以分成了两个存储片

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