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-P : 消息的发送者/生产者
-C : 消息的接受者/消费者
-中间表示队列
<!--rabbitmq-需要的 AMQP 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring: #rabbitmq 配置 rabbitmq: host: 192.168.79.202 username: guest password: guest #虚拟主机 virtual-host: / #端口 port: 5672 listener: simple: #消费者最小数量 concurrency: 10 #消费者最大数量 max-concurrency: 10 #限制消费者,每次只能处理一条消息,处理完才能继续下一条消息 prefetch: 1 #启动时是否默认启动容器,默认为 true auto-startup: true #被拒绝时重新进入队列的 default-requeue-rejected: true template: retry: #启用消息重试机制,默认为 false enabled: true #初始重试间隔时间 initial-interval: 1000ms #重试最大次数,默认为 3 次 max-attempts: 3 #重试最大时间间隔,默认 10000ms max-interval: 10000ms #重试的间隔乘数, #配置 2 的话,第一次等 1s,第二次等 2s,第三次等 4s multiplier: 1 #在 RabbitMQ 中,initial-interval 和 max-interval 是用于指定消息重试机制的两个参数, #它们的区别如下: #1. initial-interval(初始间隔时间):表示第一次重试的时间间隔,也就是在消息第一次处 #理失败后,等待多长时间再尝试重新发送消息。这个参数的默认值是 1 秒。 #2.max-interval(最大间隔时间):表示重试过程中的最大时间间隔,也就是每次重试时, #最长等待多长时间再尝试重新发送消息。这个参数的默认值是 10 秒。
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { //定义队列名 private static final String QUEUE = "queue"; //创建队列 /** * 1. 配置队列 * 2. 队列名为 queue * 3. true 表示: 持久化 (不填,默认为true,默认持久化) * durable: 队列是否持久化。 队列默认是存放到内存中的,rabbitmq 重启则丢失, * 若想重启之后还存在则队列要持久化, * 保存到 Erlang 自带的 Mnesia 数据库中,当 rabbitmq 重启之后会读取该数据库 * @return */ @Bean public Queue queue(){ return new Queue(QUEUE,true); } }
/** * 消息发送者 */ @Slf4j @Service public class MQSender { @Resource private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //方法:发送消息 public void send(Object msg){ log.info("发送消息-" + msg); //没有指定交换机会走默认的交换机,AMQP default //AMQP default是一个direct路由模式的交换机 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queue",msg); } }
/**
* 消息接收者
*/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MQReceiver {
//方法:接收消息
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue")
public void receive(Object msg) {
log.info("接收到消息--" + msg);
}
}
@Controller
public class RabbitMQHandler {
//装配MQSender
@Resource
private MQSender mqSender;
//方法:调用消息生产者,发送消息
@RequestMapping("/mq")
@ResponseBody
public void mq(){
mqSender.send("hello llp");
}
}
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
观察后端输出
当前案例, 走的是默认交换机 (AMQP Default)
Fanout简介
fanout 就是广播模式, 就是把交换机(Exchange)里的消息发送给所有绑定该交换机的
队列,忽略 routingKey(也就是路由)。
示意图
解读上图:
应用实例
代码实现
添加队列和交换机,绑定队列和交换机
@Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { private static final String QUEUE1 = "queue_fanout01"; private static final String QUEUE2 = "queue_fanout02"; private static final String EXCHANGE = "fanoutExchange"; //--------fanout广播模式--------- /** * 1. 配置队列 * 2. 队列名为 queue * 3. true 表示: 持久化 (不填,默认为true,默认持久化) * durable: 队列是否持久化。 队列默认是存放到内存中的,rabbitmq 重启则丢失, * 若想重启之后还存在则队列要持久化, * 保存到 Erlang 自带的 Mnesia 数据库中,当 rabbitmq 重启之后会读取该数据库 * @return */ @Bean public Queue queue1(){ return new Queue(QUEUE1); } @Bean public Queue queue2(){ return new Queue(QUEUE2); } //创建交换机 @Bean public FanoutExchange exchange(){ return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE); } //将队列和交换机进行绑定 @Bean public Binding binding01(){ //将队列queue1和交换机进行绑定 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1()).to(exchange()); } @Bean public Binding binding02(){ //将队列queue1和交换机进行绑定 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue2()).to(exchange()); } }
消息发送者
/** * 消息发送者 */ @Slf4j @Service public class MQSender { @Resource private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //fanout广播模式发送消息 public void sendFanout(Object msg){ log.info("发送消息-" + msg); //因为是fanout广播模式,不需要指定路由,这里路由赋空值处理 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","",msg); } }
消息接收者
/** * 消息接收者 */ @Service @Slf4j public class MQReceiver { //queues对应接收消息的队列 @RabbitListener (queues = "queue_fanout01") public void receive1(Object msg) { log.info("从 queue_fanout01 接收消息-" + msg); } @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_fanout02") public void receive2(Object msg){ log.info("从 queue_fanout02 接收消息-" + msg); } }
controller层测试类
@Controller
public class RabbitMQHandler {
//装配MQSender
@Resource
private MQSender mqSender;
//调用消息生产者,发送消息到交换机
@RequestMapping("/mq/fanout")
@ResponseBody
public void fanout(){
mqSender.sendFanout("hello fanout~");
}
}
完成测试
观察后台输出
点击队列名,查看队列情况
Direct简介
应用实例
代码实现
声明队列、交换机、路由
@Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { //direct private static final String QUEUE_DIRECT1 = "queue_direct01"; private static final String QUEUE_DIRECT2 = "queue_direct02"; private static final String EXCHANGE_DIRECT = "directExchange"; //路由 private static final String routing_key01 = "queue.red"; private static final String routing_key02 = "queue.green"; //--------direct路由模式--------- @Bean public Queue queue_direct1() { return new Queue(QUEUE_DIRECT1); } @Bean public Queue queue_direct2() { return new Queue(QUEUE_DIRECT2); } @Bean public DirectExchange exchange_direct() { return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_DIRECT); } @Bean public Binding binding_direct1() { //将队列queue_direct1和交换机进行绑定,并给队列绑定路由 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_direct1()).to(exchange_direct()).with(routing_key01); } @Bean public Binding binding_direct2() { //将队列queue_direct2和交换机进行绑定,并给队列绑定路由 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_direct2()).to(exchange_direct()).with(routing_key02); } }
消息发送者
/** * 消息发送者 */ @Slf4j @Service public class MQSender { @Resource private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendDirect1(Object msg){ log.info("发送消息-" + msg); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange","queue.red",msg); } public void sendDirect2(Object msg){ log.info("发送消息-" + msg); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange","queue.green",msg); } }
消息接收者
/** * 消息接收者 */ @Service @Slf4j public class MQReceiver { @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_direct01") public void queue_direct1(Object msg){ log.info("从 queue_direct1 接收消息-" + msg); } @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_direct02") public void queue_direct2(Object msg){ log.info("从 queue_direct2 接收消息-" + msg); } }
controller测试
@Controller public class RabbitMQHandler { //装配MQSender @Resource private MQSender mqSender; //direct 模式 @GetMapping("/mq/direct01") @ResponseBody public void direct01() { mqSender.sendDirect1("hello aimee"); } //direct 模式 @GetMapping("/mq/direct02") @ResponseBody public void direct02() { mqSender.sendDirect2("hello llp"); } }
完成测试
启动项目, 再观察 RabbitMQ 管控台
点击交换机 directExchange, 查看绑定情况
查看控制台数据情况
点击相应的队列, 观察队列已经有了消息变化, (提示:发送消息后就观察, 因为是实时刷新
的)
Topic 介绍
*
(星号):可以(只能)匹配一个单词
#
(井号):可以匹配多个单词(或者零个)
示意图:
应用实例
代码实现
配置队列、交换机、路由
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMQTopicConfig { //topic主题模式 private static final String QUEUE_TOPIC1 = "queue_topic01"; private static final String QUEUE_TOPIC2 = "queue_topic02"; private static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC = "topicExchange"; //路由 private static final String routing_key01 = "#.queue.#"; private static final String routing_key02 = "*.queue.#"; @Bean public Queue queue_topic01() { return new Queue(QUEUE_TOPIC1); } @Bean public Queue queue_topic02() { return new Queue(QUEUE_TOPIC2); } @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC); } @Bean public Binding binding_topic1() { //将队列queue1和交换机进行绑定 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_topic01()).to(topicExchange()).with(routing_key01); } @Bean public Binding binding_topic2() { //将队列queue1和交换机进行绑定 return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_topic02()).to(topicExchange()).with(routing_key02); } }
消息发送者
/** * 消息发送者 */ @Slf4j @Service public class MQSender { @Resource private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendTopic1(Object msg) { log.info("发送消息-" + msg); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "queue.red.message", msg); } public void sendTopic2(Object msg) { log.info("发送消息-" + msg); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "green.queue.green.message", msg); } }
消息接收者
/** * 消息接收者 */ @Service @Slf4j public class MQReceiver { - @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_topic01") public void queue_topic1(Object msg) { log.info("从 queue_topic01 接收消息-" + msg); } @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_topic02") public void queue_topic2(Object msg) { log.info("从 queue_topic02 接收消息-" + msg); } }
编写controller层测试方法
@Controller public class RabbitMQHandler { //装配MQSender @Resource private MQSender mqSender; //topic 模式 @GetMapping("/mq/topic01") @ResponseBody public void topic01() { mqSender.sendTopic1("hello aimee topic"); } //topic 模式 @GetMapping("/mq/topic02") @ResponseBody public void topic02() { mqSender.sendTopic2("hello llp topic"); } }
完成测试
点击交换机 topicExchange, 查看绑定情况
观察后台输出
queue.red.message
green.queue.green.message
#.queue.#
*.queue.#
调用topic1, queue.red.message匹配到的路由是#.queue.#
调用topic2, green.queue.green.message匹配到的路由是*.queue.#和#.queue.#
* 有且仅有一个
# 可以有多个也可以没有
Headers 介绍
应用实例
代码实现
创建队列、交换机
@Configuration public class RabbitMQHeadersConfig { private static final String QUEUE01 = "queue_header01"; private static final String QUEUE02 = "queue_header02"; private static final String EXCHANGE = "headersExchange"; @Bean public Queue queue_header01() { return new Queue(QUEUE01); } @Bean public Queue queue_header02() { return new Queue(QUEUE02); } @Bean public HeadersExchange headersExchange() { return new HeadersExchange(EXCHANGE); } @Bean public Binding binding_header01() { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("color","red"); map.put("speed","low"); System.out.println("yy=" + headersExchange().hashCode()); //whereAny(map): 只要发送的消息的属性 MessageProperties 有任意一个k-v匹配就 OK return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_header01()).to(headersExchange()).whereAny(map).match(); } @Bean public Binding binding_header02() { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("color", "red"); map.put("speed", "fast"); System.out.println("xx=" + headersExchange().hashCode()); //whereAll(map): 发送的消息的属性 MessageProperties 要全部匹配才 OK return BindingBuilder.bind(queue_header02()).to(headersExchange()).whereAll(map).match(); } }
消息发送者
@Slf4j @Service public class MQSender { @Resource private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendHeader1(String msg) { MessageProperties properties = new MessageProperties(); properties.setHeader("color", "red"); properties.setHeader("speed", "fast"); Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(), properties); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("headersExchange","",message); } public void sendHeader2(String msg) { MessageProperties properties = new MessageProperties(); properties.setHeader("color", "red"); properties.setHeader("speed", "normal"); Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(), properties); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("headersExchange","",message); } }
消息接收者
/** * 消息接收者 */ @Service @Slf4j public class MQReceiver { @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_header01") public void queue_header1(Message message) { log.info("queue_header01 接收消息 message 对象" + message); log.info("queue_header01 接收消息" + new String(message.getBody())); } @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_header02") public void queue_header2(Message message) { log.info("queue_header2 接收消息 message 对象" + message); log.info("queue_header2 接收消息" + new String(message.getBody())); } }
完成测试
点击交换机 headersExchange, 查看绑定情况
调用header1,队列1和队列2都能接收
调用header2,header头并不完全匹配,因此只有队列1能够接收到消息
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