Android分享功能的实现

前言

如何在安卓应用里提供分享功能，将我们手机中的图片或浏览到的好文章上传到自己的网站？本文整理了一下实现方式。
分享功能分两种情形：

• 我分享给别人，我的app是分享方
• 别人分享给我, 我的app是接收方

分享的数据类型：图片、文本、链接、普通文件。

分享方的实现

在AndroidManifest.xml申明一个FileProvider:

<application>
  <!-- make sure within the application tag, otherwise app will crash with XmlResourceParser errors -->
  <provider
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="com.codepath.fileprovider"
    android:exported="false"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
      <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/fileprovider" />
  </provider>
</application>
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创建资源文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
    <external-files-path
        name="images"
        path="Pictures" />

    <!--Uncomment below to share the entire application specific directory -->
    <!--<external-path name="all_dirs" path="."/>-->
</paths>
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然后：

// getExternalFilesDir() + "/Pictures" should match the declaration in fileprovider.xml paths
val file = File(getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "share_image_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".png")

// wrap File object into a content provider. NOTE: authority here should match authority in manifest declaration
val bmpUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MyActivity.this, "com.codepath.fileprovider", file)
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最后：

val intent = Intent().apply {
        this.action = Intent.ACTION_SEND
        this.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, bmpUri)
        this.type = "image/jpeg"
}
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, resources.getText(R.string.send_to)))
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分享文字

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "文本内容");
intent.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(intent);
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分享图片

private void shareImage(Bitmap bitmap) {
    Intent intent = new Intent();
    intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
    Uri uri = Uri.parse(MediaStore.Images.Media.insertImage(mActivity.getContentResolver(), bitmap, "IMG" + Calendar.getInstance().getTime(), null));
    intent.setType("image/*");
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
    mActivity.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "title"));
}
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分享多图

ArrayList<Uri> imageUris = new ArrayList<>();
imageUris.add(uri);
imageUris.add(uri);
Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE);
shareIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, imageUris);
shareIntent.setType("image/*");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "dlgTitle"));
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分享到指定平台

Intent wechatIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
wechatIntent.setPackage("com.tencent.mm");
wechatIntent.setType("text/plain");
wechatIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "分享到微信的内容");
startActivity(wechatIntent);
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Java的参考代码

import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
 
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
    Button share;
    ImageView imageView;
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        share = findViewById(R.id.share);
        imageView = findViewById(R.id.shareimage);
 
        // initialising text field where we will enter data
        share.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Now share image function will be called
                // here we  will be passing the text to share
                // Getting drawable value from image
                BitmapDrawable bitmapDrawable = (BitmapDrawable) imageView.getDrawable();
                Bitmap bitmap = bitmapDrawable.getBitmap();
                shareImageandText(bitmap);
            }
        });
    }
 
    private void shareImageandText(Bitmap bitmap) {
        Uri uri = getmageToShare(bitmap);
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
 
        // putting uri of image to be shared
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
 
        // adding text to share
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Sharing Image");
 
        // Add subject Here
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Subject Here");
 
        // setting type to image
        intent.setType("image/png");
 
        // calling startactivity() to share
        startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Share Via"));
    }
 
    // Retrieving the url to share
    private Uri getmageToShare(Bitmap bitmap) {
        File imagefolder = new File(getCacheDir(), "images");
        Uri uri = null;
        try {
            imagefolder.mkdirs();
            File file = new File(imagefolder, "shared_image.png");
            FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
            bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 90, outputStream);
            outputStream.flush();
            outputStream.close();
            uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.anni.shareimage.fileprovider", file);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "" + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
        return uri;
    }
}
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接收方的实现

当另一个应用尝试通过构建 intent 并将它传递给 startActivity() 来共享任何这些内容时，你的应用都将在 Android Sharesheet 或 intent 解析器中列为一个选项。如果用户选择您的应用，相应的Activity将会启动。然后，您需要在自己的代码和界面中妥当处理相关内容。
首先，定义你的Activity：

<activity android:name=".ui.MyActivity" >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <data android:mimeType="image/*" />
        </intent-filter>
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <data android:mimeType="text/plain" />
        </intent-filter>
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND_MULTIPLE" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <data android:mimeType="image/*" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
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在MyActivity中处理传入的内容:

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        ...
        when {
            intent?.action == Intent.ACTION_SEND -> {
                if ("text/plain" == intent.type) {
                    handleSendText(intent) // Handle text being sent
                } else if (intent.type?.startsWith("image/") == true) {
                    handleSendImage(intent) // Handle single image being sent
                }
            }
            intent?.action == Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE
                    && intent.type?.startsWith("image/") == true -> {
                    handleSendMultipleImages(intent) // Handle multiple images being sent
            }
            else -> {
                // Handle other intents, such as being started from the home screen
            }
        }
        ...
    }

    private fun handleSendText(intent: Intent) {
        intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT)?.let {
            // Update UI to reflect text being shared
        }
    }

    private fun handleSendImage(intent: Intent) {
        (intent.getParcelableExtra<Parcelable>(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM) as? Uri)?.let {
            // Update UI to reflect image being shared
        }
    }

    private fun handleSendMultipleImages(intent: Intent) {
        intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra<Parcelable>(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM)?.let {
            // Update UI to reflect multiple images being shared
        }
    }
    
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参考文档

• https://developer.android.com/training/sharing/receive?hl=zh-cn
• https://juejin.cn/post/6844904104389509134
• https://github.com/wangtaoT/receiveShareDemo