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学习嵌入式实时操作系统(RTOS),以uc/OS-III为例,将其移植到stm32F103上,构建至少3个任务(task):其中两个task分别以1s和3s周期对LED等进行点亮-熄灭的控制;另外一个task以2s周期通过串口发送“hello uc/OS! 欢迎来到RTOS多任务环境!”。
UCOSIII(uCOS-III)是一款开源的实时操作系统(RTOS),适用于嵌入式系统。它继承了uCOS-II的特点,并在原有基础上进行了多项优化和改进。
UCOSIII用途和原理如下:
UCOSIII具有以下特点:
综上所述,UCOSIII作为一种实时操作系统,主要用于嵌入式系统的开发。其原理主要是通过任务调度、资源管理、时间管理等方式,实现对系统的管理和控制,从而提高系统的性能和可靠性。凭借微内核设计、低功耗、多处理器支持等特点,UCOSIII在嵌入式领域具有广泛的应用前景。
1.新建工程
2.配置RCC
3.配置SYS
4.设置GPIO
5.设置串口USART1
6.设置Project Manager
1.下载uCOSIII源码:
(1)进入官网下载:http://micrium.com/downloadcenter/
(2)链接:百度网盘 请输入提取码——提取码:1234
2.查看uC-BSP文件夹下是否有bsp.c和bsp.h文件:
3.复制选中文件,将复制的文件粘贴到uC-CONFIG文件夹下:
4.将所选中相关文件复制到HAL工程的MDK-ARM文件夹下(路径为设置Project Manager步骤中存放地址):
1.1.点击Manage Project Items,按下图所示操作,为项目新建文件夹,在对应文件夹下添加文件。
1.2.点击CPU–>Add Files…:
MDK-ARM\uC-CPU路径下选中以下文件,Add添加
MDK-ARM\uC-CPU\ARM-Cortex-M3\RealView路径下选中以下文件,Add添加:
1.3. 点击LIB–>Add Files…:
MDK-ARM\uC-LIB路径下选中下图红框文件,Add添加;MDK-ARM\uC-LIB\Ports\ARM-Cortex-M3\RealView路径下选中下图绿框文件,Add添加:
1.4.点击PORT–>Add Files…:
MDK-ARM\uCOS-III\Ports\ARM-Cortex-M3\Generic\RealView路径下选中以下文件,Add添加 :
1.5.点击SOURCE–>Add Files…:
MDK-ARM\uCOS-III\Source路径下选中以下全部 .c .h 文件,Add添加:
1.6.点击CONFIG–>Add Files…:
MDK-ARM\uC-CONFIG路径下选中以下全部文件,Add添加:
1.7.点击BSP–>Add Files…:
MDK-ARM\uC-BSP路径下选中以下全部文件,Add添加:
1.8.保存设置
1.点击打开bsp.c和bsp.h分别添加代码:
bsp.c:
#ifndef __BSP_H__
#define __BSP_H__
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
void BSP_Init(void);
#endif
bsp.h:
// bsp.c #include "includes.h" #define DWT_CR *(CPU_REG32 *)0xE0001000 #define DWT_CYCCNT *(CPU_REG32 *)0xE0001004 #define DEM_CR *(CPU_REG32 *)0xE000EDFC #define DBGMCU_CR *(CPU_REG32 *)0xE0042004 #define DEM_CR_TRCENA (1 << 24) #define DWT_CR_CYCCNTENA (1 << 0) CPU_INT32U BSP_CPU_ClkFreq (void) { return HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq(); } void BSP_Tick_Init(void) { CPU_INT32U cpu_clk_freq; CPU_INT32U cnts; cpu_clk_freq = BSP_CPU_ClkFreq(); #if(OS_VERSION>=3000u) cnts = cpu_clk_freq/(CPU_INT32U)OSCfg_TickRate_Hz; #else cnts = cpu_clk_freq/(CPU_INT32U)OS_TICKS_PER_SEC; #endif OS_CPU_SysTickInit(cnts); } void BSP_Init(void) { BSP_Tick_Init(); MX_GPIO_Init(); } #if (CPU_CFG_TS_TMR_EN == DEF_ENABLED) void CPU_TS_TmrInit (void) { CPU_INT32U cpu_clk_freq_hz; DEM_CR |= (CPU_INT32U)DEM_CR_TRCENA; /* Enable Cortex-M3's DWT CYCCNT reg. */ DWT_CYCCNT = (CPU_INT32U)0u; DWT_CR |= (CPU_INT32U)DWT_CR_CYCCNTENA; cpu_clk_freq_hz = BSP_CPU_ClkFreq(); CPU_TS_TmrFreqSet(cpu_clk_freq_hz); } #endif #if (CPU_CFG_TS_TMR_EN == DEF_ENABLED) CPU_TS_TMR CPU_TS_TmrRd (void) { return ((CPU_TS_TMR)DWT_CYCCNT); } #endif #if (CPU_CFG_TS_32_EN == DEF_ENABLED) CPU_INT64U CPU_TS32_to_uSec (CPU_TS32 ts_cnts) { CPU_INT64U ts_us; CPU_INT64U fclk_freq; fclk_freq = BSP_CPU_ClkFreq(); ts_us = ts_cnts / (fclk_freq / DEF_TIME_NBR_uS_PER_SEC); return (ts_us); } #endif #if (CPU_CFG_TS_64_EN == DEF_ENABLED) CPU_INT64U CPU_TS64_to_uSec (CPU_TS64 ts_cnts) { CPU_INT64U ts_us; CPU_INT64U fclk_freq; fclk_freq = BSP_CPU_ClkFreq(); ts_us = ts_cnts / (fclk_freq / DEF_TIME_NBR_uS_PER_SEC); return (ts_us); } #endif
2.打开startup_stm32f103xb.s文件:
在以下位置处将PendSV_Handler改为OS_CPU_PendSVHandler,
SysTick_Handler改为OS_CPU_SysTickHandler
3.打开app_cfg.h文件,将DEF_ENABLED 改为 DEF_DISABLED
将本文件下#define APP_TRACE BSP_Ser_Printf 改为 #define APP_TRACE(void)
(4)打开includes.h文件
在#include <bsp.h>下面添加 #include “gpio.h” 与#include “app_cfg.h”
将#include <stm32f10x_lib.h> 改为 #include “stm32f1xx_hal.h”
5.打开lib_cfg.h文件
修改为5(该处宏定义设置堆空间的大小,STM32F103C8T6的RAM只有20K,所以要改小一点)
6。打开usart.c文件,添加代码完成printf重定向:
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
typedef struct __FILE FILE;
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f){
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xffff);
return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 1 */
(7)初始化管脚:在gpio.c文件中修改代码:
void MX_GPIO_Init(void) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0}; /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */ __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE(); /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_13, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_3, GPIO_PIN_RESET); /*Configure GPIO pin : PC13|PA3 */ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_3; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW; HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct); HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); }
8.撰写主函数:修改main.c文件:
/* USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "gpio.h" #include "usart.h" /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #include <includes.h> #include "stm32f1xx_hal.h" /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* 任务优先级 */ #define START_TASK_PRIO 3 #define LED0_TASK_PRIO 4 #define MSG_TASK_PRIO 5 #define LED1_TASK_PRIO 6 /* 任务堆栈大小 */ #define START_STK_SIZE 96 #define LED0_STK_SIZE 64 #define MSG_STK_SIZE 64 #define LED1_STK_SIZE 64 /* 任务栈 */ CPU_STK START_TASK_STK[START_STK_SIZE]; CPU_STK LED0_TASK_STK[LED0_STK_SIZE]; CPU_STK MSG_TASK_STK[MSG_STK_SIZE]; CPU_STK LED1_TASK_STK[LED1_STK_SIZE]; /* 任务控制块 */ OS_TCB StartTaskTCB; OS_TCB Led0TaskTCB; OS_TCB MsgTaskTCB; OS_TCB Led1TaskTCB; /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* 任务函数定义 */ void start_task(void *p_arg); static void AppTaskCreate(void); static void AppObjCreate(void); static void led_pc13(void *p_arg); static void send_msg(void *p_arg); static void led_pa3(void *p_arg); /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ /** * @brief System Clock Configuration * @retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0}; /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** * @brief The application entry point. * @retval int */ int main(void) { OS_ERR err; OSInit(&err); HAL_Init(); SystemClock_Config(); //MX_GPIO_Init(); 这个在BSP的初始化里也会初始化 MX_USART1_UART_Init(); /* 创建任务 */ OSTaskCreate((OS_TCB *)&StartTaskTCB, /* Create the start task */ (CPU_CHAR *)"start task", (OS_TASK_PTR ) start_task, (void *) 0, (OS_PRIO ) START_TASK_PRIO, (CPU_STK *)&START_TASK_STK[0], (CPU_STK_SIZE) START_STK_SIZE/10, (CPU_STK_SIZE) START_STK_SIZE, (OS_MSG_QTY ) 0, (OS_TICK ) 0, (void *) 0, (OS_OPT )(OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CHK | OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CLR), (OS_ERR *)&err); /* 启动多任务系统,控制权交给uC/OS-III */ OSStart(&err); /* Start multitasking (i.e. give control to uC/OS-III). */ } void start_task(void *p_arg) { OS_ERR err; CPU_SR_ALLOC(); p_arg = p_arg; /* YangJie add 2021.05.20*/ BSP_Init(); /* Initialize BSP functions */ //CPU_Init(); //Mem_Init(); /* Initialize Memory Management Module */ #if OS_CFG_STAT_TASK_EN > 0u OSStatTaskCPUUsageInit(&err); //统计任务 #endif #ifdef CPU_CFG_INT_DIS_MEAS_EN //如果使能了测量中断关闭时间 CPU_IntDisMeasMaxCurReset(); #endif #if OS_CFG_SCHED_ROUND_ROBIN_EN //当使用时间片轮转的时候 //使能时间片轮转调度功能,时间片长度为1个系统时钟节拍,既1*5=5ms OSSchedRoundRobinCfg(DEF_ENABLED,1,&err); #endif OS_CRITICAL_ENTER(); //进入临界区 /* 创建LED0任务 */ OSTaskCreate((OS_TCB * )&Led0TaskTCB, (CPU_CHAR * )"led_pc13", (OS_TASK_PTR )led_pc13, (void * )0, (OS_PRIO )LED0_TASK_PRIO, (CPU_STK * )&LED0_TASK_STK[0], (CPU_STK_SIZE)LED0_STK_SIZE/10, (CPU_STK_SIZE)LED0_STK_SIZE, (OS_MSG_QTY )0, (OS_TICK )0, (void * )0, (OS_OPT )OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CHK|OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CLR, (OS_ERR * )&err); /* 创建LED1任务 */ OSTaskCreate((OS_TCB * )&Led1TaskTCB, (CPU_CHAR * )"led_pa3", (OS_TASK_PTR )led_pa3, (void * )0, (OS_PRIO )LED1_TASK_PRIO, (CPU_STK * )&LED1_TASK_STK[0], (CPU_STK_SIZE)LED1_STK_SIZE/10, (CPU_STK_SIZE)LED1_STK_SIZE, (OS_MSG_QTY )0, (OS_TICK )0, (void * )0, (OS_OPT )OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CHK|OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CLR, (OS_ERR * )&err); /* 创建MSG任务 */ OSTaskCreate((OS_TCB * )&MsgTaskTCB, (CPU_CHAR * )"send_msg", (OS_TASK_PTR )send_msg, (void * )0, (OS_PRIO )MSG_TASK_PRIO, (CPU_STK * )&MSG_TASK_STK[0], (CPU_STK_SIZE)MSG_STK_SIZE/10, (CPU_STK_SIZE)MSG_STK_SIZE, (OS_MSG_QTY )0, (OS_TICK )0, (void * )0, (OS_OPT )OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CHK|OS_OPT_TASK_STK_CLR, (OS_ERR * )&err); OS_TaskSuspend((OS_TCB*)&StartTaskTCB,&err); //挂起开始任务 OS_CRITICAL_EXIT(); //进入临界区 } /** * 函数功能: 启动任务函数体。 * 输入参数: p_arg 是在创建该任务时传递的形参 * 返 回 值: 无 * 说 明:无 */ static void led_pc13 (void *p_arg) { OS_ERR err; (void)p_arg; BSP_Init(); /* Initialize BSP functions */ CPU_Init(); Mem_Init(); /* Initialize Memory Management Module */ #if OS_CFG_STAT_TASK_EN > 0u OSStatTaskCPUUsageInit(&err); /* Compute CPU capacity with no task running */ #endif CPU_IntDisMeasMaxCurReset(); AppTaskCreate(); /* Create Application Tasks */ AppObjCreate(); /* Create Application Objects */ while (DEF_TRUE) { HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET); OSTimeDlyHMSM(0, 0, 1, 0,OS_OPT_TIME_HMSM_STRICT,&err); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_SET); OSTimeDlyHMSM(0, 0, 1, 0,OS_OPT_TIME_HMSM_STRICT,&err); /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } static void led_pa3 (void *p_arg) { OS_ERR err; (void)p_arg; BSP_Init(); /* Initialize BSP functions */ CPU_Init(); Mem_Init(); /* Initialize Memory Management Module */ #if OS_CFG_STAT_TASK_EN > 0u OSStatTaskCPUUsageInit(&err); /* Compute CPU capacity with no task running */ #endif CPU_IntDisMeasMaxCurReset(); AppTaskCreate(); /* Create Application Tasks */ AppObjCreate(); /* Create Application Objects */ while (DEF_TRUE) { HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_3,GPIO_PIN_RESET); OSTimeDlyHMSM(0, 0, 3, 0,OS_OPT_TIME_HMSM_STRICT,&err); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_3,GPIO_PIN_SET); OSTimeDlyHMSM(0, 0, 3, 0,OS_OPT_TIME_HMSM_STRICT,&err); /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } static void send_msg (void *p_arg) { OS_ERR err; (void)p_arg; BSP_Init(); /* Initialize BSP functions */ CPU_Init(); Mem_Init(); /* Initialize Memory Management Module */ #if OS_CFG_STAT_TASK_EN > 0u OSStatTaskCPUUsageInit(&err); /* Compute CPU capacity with no task running */ #endif CPU_IntDisMeasMaxCurReset(); AppTaskCreate(); /* Create Application Tasks */ AppObjCreate(); /* Create Application Objects */ while (DEF_TRUE) { printf("hello uc/OS \r\n"); OSTimeDlyHMSM(0, 0, 2, 0,OS_OPT_TIME_HMSM_STRICT,&err); /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ /** * 函数功能: 创建应用任务 * 输入参数: p_arg 是在创建该任务时传递的形参 * 返 回 值: 无 * 说 明:无 */ static void AppTaskCreate (void) { } /** * 函数功能: uCOSIII内核对象创建 * 输入参数: 无 * 返 回 值: 无 * 说 明:无 */ static void AppObjCreate (void) { } /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @retval None */ void Error_Handler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */ /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
9.参数配置
10.编译
结果:
12周实验
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