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【Android】使用AIDL实现进程间传递对象案例_aidl 传interface对象

作者：凡人多烦事01 | 2024-03-15 23:16:25

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aidl 传interface对象

1 前言

        在 Android——使用AIDL实现进程间通讯简单案例 中介绍了使用 AIDL 在进程间传递字符串，对于8种基本数据类型（ byte、short、int、long、float、double、boolean、char ）和 CharSequence（包含 String ）、List、Map，用法同理。

需要注意：List 和 Map 中的所有元素必须是 AIDL 支持的类型，List 支持泛型，Map 不支持泛型。

        本文将介绍使用 AIDL 实现自定义 User 对象间的传递，User 包含 name（String）和 age（int）2个属性。

        本文全部代码见→使用AIDL实现进程间传递对象案例

2 项目结构

        注意事项：

  • User.java 和 User.aidl 的包名必须一致
  • aidl_C 和 aidl_S 下的 User.java 文件内容必须一致
  • aidl_C 和 aidl_S 下的 aidl 文件及其包名必须一致

3 服务端 aidl_s 代码

        （1）传输类定义

        User.java

  1. package commu;
  2.  
  3. import android.os.Parcel;
  4. import android.os.Parcelable;
  5.  
  6. public class User implements Parcelable{
  7.     private String name;
  8.     private int age;
  9.  
  10.     public User(String name, int age) {
  11.         this.name = name;
  12.         this.age = age;
  13.     }
  14.  
  15.     protected User(Parcel in) {
  16.         name = in.readString();
  17.         age = in.readInt();
  18.     }
  19.  
  20.     public static final Creator<User> CREATOR = new Creator<User>() {
  21.         @Override
  22.         public User createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
  23.             return new User(in);
  24.         }
  25.  
  26.         @Override
  27.         public User[] newArray(int size) {
  28.             return new User[size];
  29.         }
  30.     };
  31.  
  32.     @Override
  33.     public int describeContents() {
  34.         return 0;
  35.     }
  36.  
  37.     @Override
  38.     public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
  39.         dest.writeString(name);
  40.         dest.writeInt(age);
  41.     }
  42.  
  43.     public String getName() {
  44.         return name;
  45.     }
  46.  
  47.     public int getAge() {
  48.         return age;
  49.     }
  50.  
  51.     @Override
  52.     public String toString() {
  53.         return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
  54.     }
  55. }

        （2）传输类声明

        User.aidl

  1. package commu;
  2.  
  3. parcelable User;

        注意： 声明 parcelable，不是 Parcelable

        （3）通讯接口

        MessageManager.aidl

  1. package commu;
  2.  
  3. import commu.User;
  4.  
  5. interface MessageManager {
  6.     void sendMsg(in User user);
  7.     User getMsg();
  8. }

        （4）服务

        MyService.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.aidl_s;
  2.  
  3. import android.app.Service;
  4. import android.content.Intent;
  5. import android.os.IBinder;
  6. import android.os.RemoteException;
  7. import android.util.Log;
  8. import commu.MessageManager;
  9. import commu.User;
  10.  
  11. public class MyService extends Service {
  12.  
  13.     @Override
  14.     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
  15.         return mBind;
  16.     }
  17.  
  18.     MessageManager.Stub mBind = new MessageManager.Stub() {
  19.         @Override
  20.         public void sendMsg(User user) throws RemoteException {
  21.             Log.d("MyService", "客户端发来消息: " + user.toString());
  22.             System.out.println(user.toString());
  23.         }
  24.  
  25.         @Override
  26.         public User getMsg() throws RemoteException {
  27.             return new User("小红",23); //客户端待接收的消息
  28.         }
  29.     };
  30. }

        （5）注册服务

        在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中 application 节点下注册 service，如下。

  1. <service
  2.     android:name=".MyService"
  3.     android:enabled="true"
  4.     android:exported="true">
  5.     <intent-filter>
  6.         <action android:name="com.xxx.aidl"/>
  7.     </intent-filter>
  8. </service>

        （6）主Acitvity

        MainActivity.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.aidl_s;
  2.  
  3. import android.os.Bundle;
  4. import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
  5.  
  6. public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  7.  
  8.     @Override
  9.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  10.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  11.         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  12.     }
  13. }

4 客户端 aidl_c 代码

        （1）复制 User 类及 aidl 文件

        将 aidl_S 中 java 和 aidl 目录下的 commu 包及其中的 aidl 文件（User.aidl、MessageManager.aidl） 和 User.java 文件复制到 aidl_C 中相应目录下，见第2节中项目结构图 。

        （2）布局

        activity_main.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  3.     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  4.     android:layout_width="match_parent"
  5.     android:layout_height="match_parent"
  6.     android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  7.     android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  8.     android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  9.     android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  10.     android:orientation="vertical"
  11.     tools:context="com.zhyan8.aidl_c.MainActivity">
  12.  
  13.     <LinearLayout
  14.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  15.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  16.         android:orientation="horizontal">
  17.         <TextView
  18.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  19.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  20.             android:text="姓名："
  21.             android:textSize="30sp"/>
  22.         <EditText
  23.             android:id="@+id/et_name"
  24.             android:layout_width="match_parent"
  25.             android:layout_height="40dp"
  26.             android:textSize="30sp"
  27.             android:background="#ffcc66"/>
  28.     </LinearLayout>
  29.  
  30.     <LinearLayout
  31.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  32.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  33.         android:orientation="horizontal"
  34.         android:layout_marginTop="20dp">
  35.         <TextView
  36.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  37.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  38.             android:text="年龄："
  39.             android:textSize="30sp"/>
  40.         <EditText
  41.             android:id="@+id/et_age"
  42.             android:layout_width="match_parent"
  43.             android:layout_height="40dp"
  44.             android:textSize="30sp"
  45.             android:inputType="number"
  46.             android:background="#ffcc66"/>
  47.     </LinearLayout>
  48.  
  49.     <Button
  50.         android:id="@+id/btn_send"
  51.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  52.         android:layout_height="80dp"
  53.         android:text="发送"
  54.         android:textSize="30sp"
  55.         android:layout_marginTop="30dp"/>
  56.  
  57.     <LinearLayout
  58.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  59.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  60.         android:orientation="horizontal"
  61.         android:layout_marginTop="50dp">
  62.         <TextView
  63.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  64.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  65.             android:text="姓名："
  66.             android:textSize="30sp"/>
  67.         <TextView
  68.             android:id="@+id/tv_name"
  69.             android:layout_width="match_parent"
  70.             android:layout_height="40dp"
  71.             android:textSize="30sp"
  72.             android:background="#ffcc66"/>
  73.     </LinearLayout>
  74.  
  75.     <LinearLayout
  76.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  77.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  78.         android:orientation="horizontal"
  79.         android:layout_marginTop="20dp">
  80.         <TextView
  81.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  82.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  83.             android:text="年龄："
  84.             android:textSize="30sp"/>
  85.         <TextView
  86.             android:id="@+id/tv_age"
  87.             android:layout_width="match_parent"
  88.             android:layout_height="40dp"
  89.             android:textSize="30sp"
  90.             android:background="#ffcc66"/>
  91.     </LinearLayout>
  92.  
  93.     <Button
  94.         android:id="@+id/btn_recv"
  95.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
  96.         android:layout_height="80dp"
  97.         android:text="接收"
  98.         android:textSize="30sp"
  99.         android:layout_marginTop="30dp"/>
  100. </LinearLayout>

        界面如下：

        （3）主Activity

        MainActivity.java

  1. package com.zhyan8.aidl_c;
  2.  
  3. import android.app.Activity;
  4. import android.content.ComponentName;
  5. import android.content.Context;
  6. import android.content.Intent;
  7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;
  8. import android.os.Bundle;
  9. import android.os.IBinder;
  10. import android.os.RemoteException;
  11. import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
  12. import android.view.View;
  13. import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager;
  14. import android.widget.Button;
  15. import android.widget.EditText;
  16. import android.widget.TextView;
  17. import android.widget.Toast;
  18. import commu.MessageManager;
  19. import commu.User;
  20.  
  21. public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  22.     private MessageManager mMessageManager;
  23.     private EditText et_name;
  24.     private EditText et_age;
  25.     private Button btn_send;
  26.     private TextView tv_name;
  27.     private TextView tv_age;
  28.     private Button btn_recv;
  29.  
  30.     @Override
  31.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  32.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  33.         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  34.         init();
  35.     }
  36.  
  37.     public void init() {
  38.         et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
  39.         et_age = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_age);
  40.         btn_send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
  41.         tv_name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
  42.         tv_age = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_age);
  43.         btn_recv = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_recv);
  44.         btn_send.setOnClickListener(cl);
  45.         btn_recv.setOnClickListener(cl);
  46.     }
  47.  
  48.     View.OnClickListener cl = new View.OnClickListener(){
  49.         @Override
  50.         public void onClick(View v) {
  51.             hideInputMethod(MainActivity.this, v); //关闭输入法
  52.             if (v.getId()==R.id.btn_send) {
  53.                 try {
  54.                     String name_t = et_name.getText().toString();
  55.                     int age_t = Integer.parseInt(et_age.getText().toString());
  56.                     User user = new User(name_t, age_t);
  57.                     sendMsg(user);
  58.                 } catch (Exception e) {
  59.                     Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请输入姓名和年龄", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  60.                 }
  61.             }else if(v.getId()==R.id.btn_recv) {
  62.                 User user = getMsg();
  63.                 tv_name.setText(user.getName());
  64.                 tv_age.setText("" + user.getAge());
  65.             }
  66.         }
  67.     };
  68.  
  69.     private void sendMsg(User user){
  70.         if (mMessageManager==null) {
  71.             attemptToBindService();
  72.         }
  73.         try {
  74.             mMessageManager.sendMsg(user);
  75.         } catch (RemoteException e) {
  76.             e.printStackTrace();
  77.         }
  78.     }
  79.  
  80.     private User getMsg(){
  81.         if (mMessageManager==null) {
  82.             attemptToBindService();
  83.         }
  84.         try {
  85.             User user = mMessageManager.getMsg();
  86.             return user;
  87.         } catch (RemoteException e) {
  88.             e.printStackTrace();
  89.         }
  90.         return null;
  91.     }
  92.  
  93.     private void attemptToBindService() {
  94.         Intent intent = new Intent();
  95.         intent.setAction("com.xxx.aidl");
  96.         intent.setPackage("com.zhyan8.aidl_s");
  97.         bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
  98.     }
  99.  
  100.     ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
  101.         @Override
  102.         public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
  103.             mMessageManager = MessageManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
  104.         }
  105.  
  106.         @Override
  107.         public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
  108.             mMessageManager = null;
  109.         }
  110.     };
  111.  
  112.     private void hideInputMethod(Activity act, View v) { //关闭输入法
  113.         InputMethodManager imm = (InputMethodManager) act.getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
  114.         imm.hideSoftInputFromWindow(v.getWindowToken(),0);
  115.     }
  116.  
  117.     @Override
  118.     protected void onStart() {
  119.         super.onStart();
  120.         if (mMessageManager==null) {
  121.             attemptToBindService();
  122.         }
  123.     }
  124.  
  125.     @Override
  126.     protected void onStop() {
  127.         super.onStop();
  128.         if (mMessageManager!=null) {
  129.             unbindService(conn);
  130.         }
  131.     }
  132. }

5 效果展示

        （1）发送消息

        在2个 EditView 中分别输入：:小明、20，点击【发送】按钮，在服务端可以收到发送的消息，如下。

        （2）接收消息

        点击【接收】按钮，客户端 aidl_C 界面可以看到服务端 aidl_S 传过来的 user 信息，如下。

 6 附件

        以下是点击【Make Build】后自动生成的代码，路径为【aild_C\build\generated\source\aidl\debug\commu\ 】

        MessageManager.java

  1. package commu;
  2.  
  3. public interface MessageManager extends android.os.IInterface {
  4. 	
  5.     public static class Default implements commu.MessageManager {
  6.         @Override
  7.         public void sendMsg(commu.User user) throws android.os.RemoteException {
  8.         }
  9.  
  10.         @Override
  11.         public commu.User getMsg() throws android.os.RemoteException {
  12.             return null;
  13.         }
  14.  
  15.         @Override
  16.         public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
  17.             return null;
  18.         }
  19.     }
  20.  
  21.     public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements commu.MessageManager {
  22.         private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "commu.MessageManager";
  23.  
  24.         public Stub() {
  25.             this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
  26.         }
  27.  
  28.         public static commu.MessageManager asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
  29.             if ((obj == null)) {
  30.                 return null;
  31.             }
  32.             android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
  33.             if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof commu.MessageManager))) {
  34.                 return ((commu.MessageManager) iin);
  35.             }
  36.             return new commu.MessageManager.Stub.Proxy(obj);
  37.         }
  38.  
  39.         @Override
  40.         public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
  41.             return this;
  42.         }
  43.  
  44.         @Override
  45.         public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
  46.             java.lang.String descriptor = DESCRIPTOR;
  47.             switch (code) {
  48.                 case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
  49.                     reply.writeString(descriptor);
  50.                     return true;
  51.                 }
  52.                 case TRANSACTION_sendMsg: {
  53.                     data.enforceInterface(descriptor);
  54.                     commu.User _arg0;
  55.                     if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
  56.                         _arg0 = commu.User.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
  57.                     } else {
  58.                         _arg0 = null;
  59.                     }
  60.                     this.sendMsg(_arg0);
  61.                     reply.writeNoException();
  62.                     return true;
  63.                 }
  64.                 case TRANSACTION_getMsg: {
  65.                     data.enforceInterface(descriptor);
  66.                     commu.User _result = this.getMsg();
  67.                     reply.writeNoException();
  68.                     if ((_result != null)) {
  69.                         reply.writeInt(1);
  70.                         _result.writeToParcel(reply, android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
  71.                     } else {
  72.                         reply.writeInt(0);
  73.                     }
  74.                     return true;
  75.                 }
  76.                 default: {
  77.                     return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
  78.                 }
  79.             }
  80.         }
  81.  
  82.         private static class Proxy implements commu.MessageManager {
  83.             private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
  84.  
  85.             Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
  86.                 mRemote = remote;
  87.             }
  88.  
  89.             @Override
  90.             public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
  91.                 return mRemote;
  92.             }
  93.  
  94.             public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
  95.                 return DESCRIPTOR;
  96.             }
  97.  
  98.             @Override
  99.             public void sendMsg(commu.User user) throws android.os.RemoteException {
  100.                 android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
  101.                 android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
  102.                 try {
  103.                     _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
  104.                     if ((user != null)) {
  105.                         _data.writeInt(1);
  106.                         user.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
  107.                     } else {
  108.                         _data.writeInt(0);
  109.                     }
  110.                     boolean _status = mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_sendMsg, _data, _reply, 0);
  111.                     if (!_status && getDefaultImpl() != null) {
  112.                         getDefaultImpl().sendMsg(user);
  113.                         return;
  114.                     }
  115.                     _reply.readException();
  116.                 } finally {
  117.                     _reply.recycle();
  118.                     _data.recycle();
  119.                 }
  120.             }
  121.  
  122.             @Override
  123.             public commu.User getMsg() throws android.os.RemoteException {
  124.                 android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
  125.                 android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
  126.                 commu.User _result;
  127.                 try {
  128.                     _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
  129.                     boolean _status = mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getMsg, _data, _reply, 0);
  130.                     if (!_status && getDefaultImpl() != null) {
  131.                         return getDefaultImpl().getMsg();
  132.                     }
  133.                     _reply.readException();
  134.                     if ((0 != _reply.readInt())) {
  135.                         _result = commu.User.CREATOR.createFromParcel(_reply);
  136.                     } else {
  137.                         _result = null;
  138.                     }
  139.                 } finally {
  140.                     _reply.recycle();
  141.                     _data.recycle();
  142.                 }
  143.                 return _result;
  144.             }
  145.  
  146.             public static commu.MessageManager sDefaultImpl;
  147.         }
  148.  
  149.         static final int TRANSACTION_sendMsg = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
  150.         static final int TRANSACTION_getMsg = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
  151.  
  152.         public static boolean setDefaultImpl(commu.MessageManager impl) {
  153.             if (Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl == null && impl != null) {
  154.                 Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl = impl;
  155.                 return true;
  156.             }
  157.             return false;
  158.         }
  159.  
  160.         public static commu.MessageManager getDefaultImpl() {
  161.             return Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl;
  162.         }
  163.     }
  164.  
  165.     public void sendMsg(commu.User user) throws android.os.RemoteException;
  166.  
  167.     public commu.User getMsg() throws android.os.RemoteException;
  168. }
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