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java设计并完成一个数据驱动的管理系统_用java和数据库做一个管理系统

作者：喵喵爱编程 | 2024-07-05 12:54:40

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用java和数据库做一个管理系统

目录

一、运行环境

1、环境：

2、实现一个管理系统需要以下步骤：

二、创建项目

1.创建

2、选择依赖

3、项目结构

4、配置数据库

 三、代码

1、Model层

2、Repository层

3、Service层

3.1接口

3.2、实现

4、Controller层

5、视图层

5.1、index.html

5.2、new_student.html

5.3、test.html

5.4、update_student.html

四、运行结果

一、运行环境

1、环境：

IDE - IDEA

Spring Boot 3+

Spring Framework 6+

Maven

Java 17

Spring Data JPA ( Hibernate)

Thymeleaf

2、实现一个管理系统需要以下步骤：

  • 确定需求：首先需要了解管理系统的需求，包括功能模块和功能细节。
  • 设计数据库：根据管理系统的需求设计相应的数据库，包括表结构和表之间的关系。
  • 设计用户界面：为管理系统设计相应的用户界面，使用户操作方便。
  • 编写代码：根据设计的数据库和用户界面，使用 Java 编写管理系统的代码。
  • 测试与调试：对管理系统进行测试，检查代码是否有误，并对代码进行调试。
  • 发布与维护：将管理系统发布到相应的服务器上，并对管理系统进行维护。

二、创建项目

1.创建

2、选择依赖

3、项目结构

4、配置数据库

代码

  1. spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/testdb?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
  2. spring.datasource.username= root
  3. spring.datasource.password= 123456
  4.  
  5. spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  6. # for Spring Boot 2
  7. # spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
  8.  
  9. # for Spring Boot 3
  10. spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
  11.  
  12. # Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
  13. spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update
  14.  
  15. #?????hibernate-sql
  16. logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG
  17. logging.level.org.hibernate.type=TRACE

 三、代码

1、Model层

  1. import jakarta.persistence.*;
  2. import lombok.Data;
  3. @Data
  4. @Entity
  5. @Table(name = "students")
  6. public class Student {
  7.  
  8.     @Id
  9.     @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
  10.     private long id;
  11.  
  12.     @Column(name = "student_name")
  13.     private String studentName;
  14.  
  15.     @Column(name = "student_age")
  16.     private String studentAge;
  17.  
  18.     @Column(name = "counsellor")//辅导员
  19.     private String counsellor;
  20. }

2、Repository层

3、Service层

3.1接口

StudentService

  1. import java.util.List;
  2. import en.edu.lzzy.s05mvcemployee.model.Student;
  3. import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
  4.  
  5. public interface StudentService {
  6.  
  7.     //获取所有的学生
  8.     List <Student> getAllStudents();
  9.  
  10.     //新增/更新一个学生
  11.     void saveStudent(Student student);
  12.  
  13.     //获取指定ID的学生
  14.     Student getStudentById(long id);
  15.  
  16.     //删除指定ID的学生
  17.     void deleteStudentById(long id);
  18.  
  19.  
  20.     //分页
  21.     Page<Student> findPaginated(int pageNo, int pageSize, String sortField, String sortDirection);
  22. }
3.2、实现

StudentServiceImpl

  1. import java.util.List;
  2. import java.util.Optional;
  3.  
  4. import en.edu.lzzy.s05mvcemployee.model.Student;
  5. import en.edu.lzzy.s05mvcemployee.repository.StudentRepository;
  6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  7. import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
  8. import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
  9. import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
  10. import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
  11. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
  12.  
  13.  
  14. @Service
  15. public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
  16.  
  17.     @Autowired
  18.     private StudentRepository studentRepository;
  19.  
  20.     @Override
  21.     public List <Student> getAllStudents() {
  22.         return studentRepository.findAll();
  23.     }
  24.  
  25.     @Override
  26.     public void saveStudent(Student student) {
  27.         this.studentRepository.save(student);
  28.     }
  29.  
  30.     @Override
  31.     public Student getStudentById(long id) {
  32.         //调用数据访问层查找指定ID的学生，返回Optional对象
  33.         Optional <Student> optional = studentRepository.findById(id);
  34.  
  35.         Student student = null;
  36.         //如果存在指定id的学生
  37.         if (optional.isPresent()) {
  38.             //从Optional对象中获取学生对象
  39.             student = optional.get();
  40.         } else {
  41.             //否则抛出运行时异常
  42.             throw new RuntimeException(" 找不到学生ID :: " + id);
  43.         }
  44.         return student;
  45.     }
  46.  
  47.     @Override
  48.     public void deleteStudentById(long id) {
  49.         this.studentRepository.deleteById(id);
  50.     }
  51.  
  52.     @Override
  53.     public Page<Student> findPaginated(int pageNo, int pageSize, String sortField, String sortDirection) {
  54.         //设置排序参数，升序ASC/降序DESC？
  55.         Sort sort = sortDirection.equalsIgnoreCase(Sort.Direction.ASC.name())
  56.                     ? Sort.by(sortField).ascending()
  57.                     : Sort.by(sortField).descending();
  58.  
  59.          //根据页号/每页记录数/排序依据返回某指定页面数据。
  60.         Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageNo - 1, pageSize, sort);
  61.         return this.studentRepository.findAll(pageable);
  62.     }
  63. }

4、Controller层

代码

  1. import en.edu.lzzy.s05mvcemployee.model.Student;
  2. import en.edu.lzzy.s05mvcemployee.service.StudentService;
  3. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  4. import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
  5. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
  6. import org.springframework.ui.Model;
  7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
  8.  
  9. import java.util.List;
  10.  
  11.  
  12. @Controller
  13. public class StudentController {
  14.  
  15.     @Autowired
  16.     private StudentService studentService;
  17.  
  18. //     display list of employees
  19. //    @GetMapping("/")
  20. //    public String viewHomePage(Model model) {
  21. //        model.addAttribute("listEmployees", employeeService.getAllEmployees());
  22. //        return "index";
  23. //    }
  24.     @GetMapping("/")
  25.     public String viewHomePage(Model model) {
  26.         return findPaginated(1, "studentName", "asc", model);
  27.     }
  28.  
  29.     @GetMapping("/showNewStudentForm")
  30.     public String showNewStudentForm(Model model) {
  31.         // create model attribute to bind form data
  32.         Student student = new Student();
  33.         model.addAttribute("student", student);
  34.         return "new_student";
  35.     }
  36.  
  37.     @PostMapping("/saveStudent")
  38.     public String saveStudent(@ModelAttribute("student") Student student) {
  39.         // save employee to database
  40.         studentService.saveStudent(student);
  41.         return "redirect:/";
  42.     }
  43.  
  44.     @GetMapping("/showFormForUpdate/{id}")
  45.     public String showFormForUpdate(@PathVariable(value = "id") long id, Model model) {
  46.  
  47.         // get employee from the service
  48.         Student student = studentService.getStudentById(id);
  49.  
  50.         // set employee as a model attribute to pre-populate the form
  51.         model.addAttribute("student", student);
  52.         return "update_student";
  53.     }
  54.  
  55.     @GetMapping("/deleteStudent/{id}")
  56.     public String deleteStudent(@PathVariable(value = "id") long id) {
  57.  
  58.         // call delete employee method
  59.         this.studentService.deleteStudentById(id);
  60.         return "redirect:/";
  61.     }
  62.  
  63.     //获取分页数据
  64.     @GetMapping("/page/{pageNo}")
  65.     public String findPaginated(@PathVariable (value = "pageNo") int pageNo,
  66.                                 @RequestParam("sortField") String sortField,
  67.                                 @RequestParam("sortDir") String sortDir,
  68.                                 Model model) {
  69.         int pageSize = 5;
  70.  
  71.         Page<Student> page = studentService.findPaginated(pageNo, pageSize, sortField, sortDir);
  72.         List<Student> listStudents = page.getContent();
  73.  
  74.         model.addAttribute("currentPage", pageNo);
  75.         model.addAttribute("totalPages", page.getTotalPages());
  76.         model.addAttribute("totalItems", page.getTotalElements());
  77.  
  78.         model.addAttribute("sortField", sortField);
  79.         model.addAttribute("sortDir", sortDir);
  80.         model.addAttribute("reverseSortDir", sortDir.equals("asc") ? "desc" : "asc");
  81.  
  82.         model.addAttribute("listStudents", listStudents);
  83.         return "index";
  84.     }
  85. }

5、视图层

5.1、index.html
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
  5.     <title>Student Management System</title>
  6.  
  7.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-xOolHFLEh07PJGoPkLv1IbcEPTNtaed2xpHsD9ESMhqIYd0nLMwNLD69Npy4HI+N" crossorigin="anonymous">
  8.  
  9. </head>
  10. <body>
  11.  
  12. <div class="container my-2">
  13.     <h1>Students List</h1>
  14.  
  15.     <a th:href = "@{/showNewStudentForm}" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm mb-3"> Add Student </a>
  16.  
  17.     <table border="1" class = "table table-striped table-responsive-md">
  18.         <thead>
  19.         <tr>
  20.             <th>
  21.                 <a th:href="@{'/page/' + ${currentPage} + '?sortField=studentName&sortDir=' + ${reverseSortDir}}">
  22.                     Student Name</a>
  23.             </th>
  24.             <th>
  25.                 <a th:href="@{'/page/' + ${currentPage} + '?sortField=studentAge&sortDir=' + ${reverseSortDir}}">
  26.                     Student Age</a>
  27.             </th>
  28.             <th>
  29.                 <a th:href="@{'/page/' + ${currentPage} + '?sortField=counsellor&sortDir=' + ${reverseSortDir}}">
  30.                     Student Counsellor</a>
  31.             </th>
  32.             <th> Actions </th>
  33.         </tr>
  34.         </thead>
  35.         <tbody>
  36.         <tr th:each="student : ${listStudents}">
  37.             <td th:text="${student.studentName}"></td>
  38.             <td th:text="${student.studentAge}"></td>
  39.             <td th:text="${student.counsellor}"></td>
  40.             <td> <a th:href="@{/showFormForUpdate/{id}(id=${student.id})}" class="btn btn-primary">Update</a>
  41.                 <a th:href="@{/deleteStudent/{id}(id=${student.id})}" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</a>
  42.             </td>
  43.         </tr>
  44.         </tbody>
  45.     </table>
  46.  
  47.     <div th:if = "${totalPages > 1}">
  48.         <div class = "row col-sm-10">
  49.             <div class = "col-sm-3">
  50.                 Total Rows: [[${totalItems}]]
  51.             </div>
  52.             <div class = "col-sm-5">
  53. 					<span th:each="i: ${#numbers.sequence(1, totalPages)}">
  54. 						<a th:if="${currentPage != i}" th:href="@{'/page/' + ${i}+ '?sortField=' + ${sortField} + '&sortDir=' + ${sortDir}}">[[${i}]]</a>
  55. 						<span th:unless="${currentPage != i}">[[${i}]]</span>  &nbsp; &nbsp;
  56. 					</span>
  57.             </div>
  58.             <div class = "col-sm-1">
  59.                 <a th:if="${currentPage < totalPages}" th:href="@{'/page/' + ${currentPage + 1}+ '?sortField=' + ${sortField} + '&sortDir=' + ${sortDir}}">Next</a>
  60.                 <span th:unless="${currentPage < totalPages}">Next</span>
  61.             </div>
  62.  
  63.             <div class="col-sm-1">
  64.                 <a th:if="${currentPage < totalPages}" th:href="@{'/page/' + ${totalPages}+ '?sortField=' + ${sortField} + '&sortDir=' + ${sortDir}}">Last</a>
  65.                 <span th:unless="${currentPage < totalPages}">Last</span>
  66.             </div>
  67.         </div>
  68.     </div>
  69. </div>
  70. </body>
  71. </html>
5.2、new_student.html
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
  5.     <title>Student Management System</title>
  6.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-xOolHFLEh07PJGoPkLv1IbcEPTNtaed2xpHsD9ESMhqIYd0nLMwNLD69Npy4HI+N" crossorigin="anonymous">
  7. </head>
  8.  
  9. <body>
  10. <div class="container">
  11.     <h1>Student Management System</h1>
  12.     <hr>
  13.     <h2>Save Student</h2>
  14.  
  15.     <form action="#" th:action="@{/saveStudent}" th:object="${student}" method="POST">
  16.         <input type="text" th:field="*{studentName}" placeholder="Student Name" class="form-control mb-4 col-4">
  17.  
  18.         <input type="text" th:field="*{studentAge}" placeholder="Student Age" class="form-control mb-4 col-4">
  19.  
  20.         <input type="text" th:field="*{counsellor}" placeholder="Student Counsellor" class="form-control mb-4 col-4">
  21.  
  22.         <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info col-2"> Save Student</button>
  23.     </form>
  24.  
  25.     <hr>
  26.  
  27.     <a th:href="@{/}"> Back to Student List</a>
  28. </div>
  29. </body>
  30.  
  31. </html>
5.3、test.html
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6.      <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-xOolHFLEh07PJGoPkLv1IbcEPTNtaed2xpHsD9ESMhqIYd0nLMwNLD69Npy4HI+N" crossorigin="anonymous">
  7. </head>
  8. <body>
  9. <div class="container">
  10.     <div class="row">
  11.         <div class="col">
  12.             1 of 2
  13.         </div>
  14.         <div class="col">
  15.             2 of 2
  16.         </div>
  17.     </div>
  18.     <div class="row">
  19.         <div class="col">
  20.             1 of 3
  21.         </div>
  22.         <div class="col">
  23.             2 of 3
  24.         </div>
  25.         <div class="col">
  26.             3 of 3
  27.         </div>
  28.         <div class="col">
  29.             1 of 3
  30.         </div>
  31.         <div class="col">
  32.             2 of 3
  33.         </div>
  34.         <div class="col">
  35.             3 of 3
  36.         </div>
  37.     </div>
  38. </div>
  39. </body>
  40. </html>
5.4、update_student.html
  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
  5.     <title>Student Management System</title>
  6.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.6.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-xOolHFLEh07PJGoPkLv1IbcEPTNtaed2xpHsD9ESMhqIYd0nLMwNLD69Npy4HI+N" crossorigin="anonymous">
  7.  
  8.    </head>
  9.  
  10. <body>
  11. <div class="container">
  12.     <h1>Student Management System</h1>
  13.     <hr>
  14.     <h2>Update Student</h2>
  15.  
  16.     <form action="#" th:action="@{/saveStudent}" th:object="${student}" method="POST">
  17.  
  18.         <!-- Add hidden form field to handle update -->
  19.         <input type="hidden" th:field="*{id}" />
  20.  
  21.         <input type="text" th:field="*{studentName}" class="form-control mb-4 col-4">
  22.  
  23.         <input type="text" th:field="*{studentAge}" class="form-control mb-4 col-4">
  24.  
  25.         <input type="text" th:field="*{counsellor}" class="form-control mb-4 col-4">
  26.  
  27.         <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info col-2"> Update Student</button>
  28.     </form>
  29.  
  30.     <hr>
  31.  
  32.     <a th:href="@{/}"> Back to Student List</a>
  33. </div>
  34. </body>
  35.  
  36. </html>

四、运行结果

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