一文搞定：whois数据库查询域名信息（WHOIS）

1、Whois前置知识

whois就是一个用来查询域名是否已经被注册，以及注册域名的详细信息的数据库（如域名所有人、域名注册商）。

不同域名后缀的whois信息需要到不同的whois数据库查询

参考：百度百科-whois域名查询协议

实现原理

1. 根据域名从根服务器获取域名所在whois服务器
2. 再根据域名从域名所在whois服务器获取域名信息

domain + rootServer => targetServer

domain + targetServer => domainInfo
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当然，如果知道了域名信息所在服务器，可以跳过第一步，直接查询域名信息

2、通过网页查询

2.1、方式一：通过原始网页查询

1. 第一步：根据域名从根服务器获取域名所在whois服务器

根服务器网站：https://www.iana.org/whois

或者直接根据域名后缀在数据库中查找对应的whois服务器地址

• https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
  

2. 第二步：再根据域名从域名所在whois服务器获取域名信息

注意看到返回信息中的refer 行

refer:        whois.cnnic.cn
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打开这个网站: https://whois.cnnic.cn，继续查询，
需要注意，这里查询的是一级域名，不能携带www，只能查询xiaomi.cn

2.2、方式二：第三方网站查询

域名信息查询网站

• https://whois.aliyun.com/
• https://whois.cloud.tencent.com/
• https://who.is/
• https://www.whois.com/whois/
• https://whois.chinaz.com/

这些网站可以直接查询域名信息，他们后台做了优化不用再去逐级查询，可以看到，信息返回的并不是很完整

3、命令行whois查询

3.1、Windows环境命令行whois查询

官网：

• https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/whoiscl.html

下载链接： https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/whoiscl.zip

3.2、Linux 环境命令行whois查询

安装

yum install -y whois
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查询示例

# 查看使用帮助
$ whois --help

# 查询域名信息
$ whois xiaomi.cn

Domain Name: xiaomi.cn
ROID: 20070518s10001s40338355-cn
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited
Registrant: 小米科技有限责任公司
Registrant Contact Email: dns-admin@xiaomi.com
Sponsoring Registrar: 厦门易名科技股份有限公司
Name Server: ns3.dnsv5.com
Name Server: ns4.dnsv5.com
Registration Time: 2007-05-18 10:15:59
Expiration Time: 2024-06-18 10:15:59
DNSSEC: unsigned
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需要注意，如果是二级域名就查询不到信息

$ whois www.xiaomi.cn
Invalid parameter:www.xiaomi.cn
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4、Python代码方式实现

4.1、通过Socket实现whois查询

使用环境

$ python --version
Python 3.7.0

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核心代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import socket


def whois_request(domain: str, server: str, port=43, timeout=5) -> str:
    """
    发送http请求，获取信息
    :param domain:
    :param server:
    :param port:
    :return:
    """
    # 创建连接
    sock = socket.create_connection((server, port))
    sock.settimeout(timeout)

    # 发送请求
    sock.send(("%s\r\n" % domain).encode("utf-8"))

    # 接收数据
    buff = bytes()
    while True:
        data = sock.recv(1024)
        if len(data) == 0:
            break
        buff += data

    # 关闭链接
    sock.close()

    return buff.decode("utf-8")
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'
运行
运行

1、第一步，根据域名从根服务器获取域名所在whois服务器

# 根服务器地址
root_server = 'whois.iana.org'

# 需要查询的域名
domain = 'xiaoxi.cn'

# 查询域名信息
res = whois_request(domain, root_server)
print(res)
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返回数据

% IANA WHOIS server
% for more information on IANA, visit http://www.iana.org
% This query returned 1 object

refer:        whois.cnnic.cn

domain:       CN

organisation: China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
address:      No. 4, South 4th Street
address:      Zhong Guan Cun
address:      Beijing 100190
address:      China

contact:      administrative
name:         Yu Zeng
organisation: China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
address:      No. 4, South 4th Street
address:      Zhong Guan Cun
address:      Beijing 100190
address:      China
phone:        +8610-58813686
fax-no:       +8610-58813632
e-mail:       ceo@cnnic.cn

contact:      technical
name:         Yuedong Zhang
organisation: China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
address:      No. 4, South 4th Street
address:      Zhong Guan Cun
address:      Beijing 100190
address:      China
phone:        +8610-58813202
fax-no:       +8610-58812666
e-mail:       tech@cnnic.cn

nserver:      A.DNS.CN 2001:dc7:0:0:0:0:0:1 203.119.25.1
nserver:      B.DNS.CN 203.119.26.1
nserver:      C.DNS.CN 203.119.27.1
nserver:      D.DNS.CN 2001:dc7:1000:0:0:0:0:1 203.119.28.1
nserver:      E.DNS.CN 203.119.29.1
nserver:      F.DNS.CN 195.219.8.90
nserver:      G.DNS.CN 66.198.183.65
nserver:      NS.CERNET.NET 202.112.0.44
ds-rdata:     57724 8 2 5d0423633eb24a499be78aa22d1c0c9ba36218ff49fd95a4cdf1a4ad97c67044

whois:        whois.cnnic.cn

status:       ACTIVE
remarks:      Registration information: http://www.cnnic.cn/

created:      1990-11-28
changed:      2018-03-01
source:       IANA
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注意到，这就是该域名信息所在服务器

refer:        whois.cnnic.cn
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2、第二步：再根据域名从域名所在whois服务器获取域名信息

# whois服务器地址
whois_server = 'whois.cnnic.cn'

# 需要查询的域名，注意不能带www
domain = 'xiaoxi.cn'

# 查询域名信息
res = whois_request(domain, whois_server)
print(res)
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返回的信息

Domain Name: xiaomi.cn
ROID: 20070518s10001s40338355-cn
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited
Registrant: 小米科技有限责任公司
Registrant Contact Email: dns-admin@xiaomi.com
Sponsoring Registrar: 厦门易名科技股份有限公司
Name Server: ns3.dnsv5.com
Name Server: ns4.dnsv5.com
Registration Time: 2007-05-18 10:15:59
Expiration Time: 2024-06-18 10:15:59
DNSSEC: unsigned
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可以看到，我们查询到了和网站查询一样的信息

可以直接使用第三方整理的whois数据库对应地址

• https://www.nirsoft.net/whois-servers.txt

4.2、第三方库：whois

操作系统命令行工具 whois的Python封装，依赖操作系统，不推荐

• https://github.com/DannyCork/python-whois/
• https://pypi.org/project/whois/

安装

$ pip install whois
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示例

import whois

domain = whois.query('www.baidu.com')
print(domain.__dict__)
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输出

{
	'name': 'baidu.com',
	'tld': 'com',
	'registrar': 'MarkMonitor Inc.',
	'registrant_country': 'CN',
	'creation_date': datetime.datetime(1999, 10, 11, 11, 5, 17),
	'expiration_date': datetime.datetime(2026, 10, 11, 11, 5, 17),
	'last_updated': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 1, 3, 54, 43),
	'status': 'clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited',
	'statuses': ['clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)', 'clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited', 'clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)', 'clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited', 'clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)', 'clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited', 'serverDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited)', 'serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited', 'serverTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited)', 'serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited', 'serverUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited)', 'serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited'],
	'dnssec': False,
	'name_servers': ['ns1.baidu.com', 'ns2.baidu.com', 'ns3.baidu.com', 'ns4.baidu.com', 'ns7.baidu.com'],
	'registrant': 'Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd.',
	'emails': ['abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com']
}
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json序列化之后得到域名信息

{
    "name":"baidu.com",
    "tld":"com",
    "registrar":"MarkMonitor Inc.",
    "registrant_country":"CN",
    "creation_date":"1999-10-11 11:05:17",
    "expiration_date":"2026-10-11 11:05:17",
    "last_updated":"2022-09-01 03:54:43",
    "status":"clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited",
    "statuses":[
        "clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)",
        "clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited",
        "clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)",
        "clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited",
        "clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)",
        "clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited",
        "serverDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited)",
        "serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited",
        "serverTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited)",
        "serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited",
        "serverUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited)",
        "serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited"
    ],
    "dnssec":false,
    "name_servers":[
        "ns1.baidu.com",
        "ns2.baidu.com",
        "ns3.baidu.com",
        "ns4.baidu.com",
        "ns7.baidu.com"
    ],
    "registrant":"Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd.",
    "emails":[
        "abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com"
    ]
}
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4.3、第三方库：python-whois

经测试，不可用

• https://github.com/richardpenman/whois
• https://pypi.org/project/python-whois/

$ pip install python-whois
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示例

import whois

w = whois.whois('example.com')

w.expiration_date
# datetime.datetime(2022, 8, 13, 4, 0)
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4.4、第三方库：whois21

经测试，可用

• https://github.com/MPCodeWriter21/whois21
• https://pypi.org/project/whois21/

pip install whois21
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示例

import whois21

query = 'github.com'

whois = whois21.WHOIS(query)

print(f'Creation date   : {whois.creation_date}')
print(f'Expiration date : {whois.expires_date}')
print(f'Updated date    : {whois.updated_date}')
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5、使用Domain Admin

基于Python + Vue3.js 技术栈实现的域名和SSL证书监测平台

文档

• https://gitee.com/mouday/domain-admin
• https://github.com/mouday/domain-admin
• https://pypi.org/project/domain-admin
• https://hub.docker.com/r/mouday/domain-admin

安装

pip install domain-admin
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启动运行

$ gunicorn 'domain_admin.main:app'
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访问地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000

默认的管理员账号

• 账号：admin
• 密码：123456

6、中文域名

通过接口直接查询中文域名，会提示没有查询结果。这时候需要将中文域名进行编码

比如：小米.中国 会解析为 xn–yets76e.xn–fiqs8s/

在线编码：http://tools.jb51.net/punycode/index.php

其实，中文后缀的域名可以不编码，主要是中英结合的域名, 比如 http://中万.cn/

从浏览器直接复制过来是http://xn–chq7c.cn/

这是一种叫做：Punycode的编码方式

print("中万".encode('punycode').decode())
# chq7c
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运行
运行

然后加上前缀xn--，就和上面的结果一致了

xn--chq7c
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参考

• Windows和Linux下Whois命令的安装和使用