华为防火墙安全区域及安全策略配置_firewall zone local

学习目的

• 掌握防火墙安全区域的配置方法
• 掌握安全策略配置方法

拓扑图

防火墙区域配置

场景

        你是你们公司的网络管理员。公司总部的网络分成了三个区域，包括内部区域（Trust）、外部区域（Untrust）和服务器区域（DMZ）。你设计通过防火墙来实现对数据的控制，确保公司内部网络安全，并通过DMZ区域对外网提供服务。

学习任务

• 登录设备（Console）

1．连接配置口电缆。

        a. 关闭FW及配置终端的电源。

        b. 通过配置电缆将配置终端的RS-232串口与FW的Console口相连。

        c. 经安装检查后上电。

2．超级终端软件的配置（可以从Internet上获取如putty等免费超级终端软件。）。

        a. 下载putty软件到本地并双击运行该软件。

        b. 选择“Session”，将“Connection type”设置为“Serial”。

        c. 配置通过串口连接设备的参数。具体参数配置如图5所示。

图5 putty软件Serial连接FW参数配置

        d. 单击“Open”。

3. 按“Enter”键，按照提示输入缺省管理员账号“admin”和密码“Admin@123”。

4. 修改缺省管理员账号的密码，并进入CLI界面。

        说明：为提高安全性，密码必须满足最小复杂度要求，即包含英文大写字母（A～Z）、英文小写字母（a～z）、数字（0～9）、特殊字符（如!、@、#、$、%等）中的三种。

请牢记输入的新密码避免无法登录。

• 基本配置与IP编址

        给路由器和防火墙配置地址，并配置静态路由，在交换机上配置VLAN。

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.10.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.1 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.30.1 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24

        防火墙默认会启用GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口的ip地址，为避免干扰，可以删除。

<USG6300>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[USG6300]sysname FW

[FW]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo ip address

[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 10.0.10.254 24

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.254 24

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]ip address 10.0.30.254 24

[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit

        交换机上需要按照需求定义VLAN。

[Quidway]sysname S1

[S1]vlan batch 11 to 13

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 11

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 12

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 13

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/21

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port link-type access

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port default vlan 11

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/22

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-type access

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan 12

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type access

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port default vlan 13

        在R1、R2和R3上配置缺省路由，在FW上配置明确的静态路由，实现三个Loopback0接口连接的网段之间路由畅通。

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.10.254

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.20.254

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.30.254

[FW]ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.10.1

[FW]ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.20.1

[FW]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.30.1

        配置完成后检查防火墙路由信息。

[FW]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

        Destinations : 11       Routes : 11

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost     Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.1.0/24  Static  60   0          RD  10.0.10.1       GigabitEthernet1/0/0

       10.0.2.0/24  Static  60   0          RD  10.0.20.1       GigabitEthernet1/0/1

       10.0.3.0/24  Static  60   0          RD  10.0.30.1       GigabitEthernet1/0/2

      10.0.10.0/24  Direct  0    0           D  10.0.10.254     GigabitEthernet1/0/0

    10.0.10.254/32  Direct  0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      10.0.20.0/24  Direct  0    0           D  10.0.20.254     GigabitEthernet1/0/1

    10.0.20.254/32  Direct  0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      10.0.30.0/24  Direct  0    0           D  10.0.30.254     GigabitEthernet1/0/2

    10.0.30.254/32  Direct  0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

• 配置防火墙区域

        防火墙上默认有四个区域，分别是“local“、”trust“、”untrust“、”dmz“。实验中我们使用到“trust“、”untrust“和”dmz“三个区域，分别将对应接口加入各安全区域，由于默认配置将GE0/0/0加入了“trust”区域，为避免干扰，将其删除。

[FW]firewall zone dmz

[FW-zone-dmz]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2

[FW-zone-dmz]firewall zone trust

[FW-zone-trust]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1

[FW-zone-trust]undo add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[FW-zone-trust]fire zone untrust

[FW-zone-untrust]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0

[FW-zone-untrust]quit

        检查各接口的区域：

[FW]display zone interface

local

#

trust

 interface of the zone is (1):

    GigabitEthernet1/0/1

#

untrust

 interface of the zone is (1):

    GigabitEthernet1/0/0

#

dmz

 interface of the zone is (1):

    GigabitEthernet1/0/2

#

        检查各区域的优先级：

[FW]display zone        

local

 priority is 100

#

trust

 priority is 85

 interface of the zone is (1):

    GigabitEthernet1/0/1

#

untrust

 priority is 5

 interface of the zone is (1):

    GigabitEthernet1/0/0

#

dmz

 priority is 50

 interface of the zone is (1):

    GigabitEthernet1/0/2

#

        可以看到三个接口已经被划分到相应的区域内，默认情况下不同区域间是不可互通的，因此此时路由器之间流量无法通过。

• 配置安全策略

        如果防火墙域间没有配置安全策略，或查找安全策略时，所有的安全策略都没有命中，则默认执行域间的缺省包过滤动作（拒绝通过）。

        配置安全策略，仅允许Trust区域访问其他区域，不允许其他区域之间的访问。

[FW]security-policy

[FW-policy-security]rule name policy_sec_1

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]source-zone trust

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]destination-zone untrust

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]action permit

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]rule name policy_sec_2

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]source-zone trust

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]destination-zone dmz

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]action permit

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]quit

[FW-policy-security]quit

        检查配置结果：

[FW]display security-policy all

Total:3

RULE ID RULE NAME                      STATE      ACTION             HITTED           

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0       default                        enable     deny               0                 

1       policy_sec_1                   enable     permit             0                 

2       policy_sec_2                   enable     permit             0                 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FW]display security-policy rule policy_sec_1

  (0 times matched)

 rule name policy_sec_1

  source-zone trust

  destination-zone untrust

  action permit

[FW]display security-policy rule policy_sec_2

  (0 times matched)

 rule name policy_sec_2

  source-zone trust

  destination-zone dmz

  action permit

        检查从trust到untrust和dmz的连通性：

[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.1

  PING 10.0.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

  --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3

  PING 10.0.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

  --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

        检查从untrust到trust和dmz的连通性：

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2

  PING 10.0.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3

  PING 10.0.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

100.00% packet loss

        检查从dmz到untrust和trust的连通性：

[R3]ping -a 10.0.3.3 10.0.1.1

  PING 10.0.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

[R3]ping -a 10.0.3.3 10.0.2.2

  PING 10.0.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

        经过验证，以trust区域为源的数据可以访问untrust和dmz，但以其他区域为源的数据不能互访。

        配置域间包过滤策略，允许Untrust区域访问DMZ区域的特定服务器。

        DMZ区域有一个服务器，IP地址为10.0.3.3，需要对Untrust区域开放Telnet服务。同时为了测试网络，需要开放ICMP Ping测试功能。

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]source-zone untrust

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]destination-zone dmz

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]destination-address 10.0.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]service icmp

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]service telnet

[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]action permit

        为了能在进行Telnet测试，在R3上开启Telnet功能。

[R3]telnet server enable

[R3]aaa

[R3-aaa]local-user test password irreversible-cipher Admin@123 Admin@123

[R3-aaa]local-user test service-type telnet

[R3-aaa]quit

[R3]user-interface vty 0 4

[R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

[R3-ui-vty0-4]protocol inbound telnet

        测试从R1(untrust)到R3(dmz)的ping和telnet：

<R1>ping 10.0.3.3

  PING 10.0.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

  --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

<R1>ping 10.0.30.1

  PING 10.0.30.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.0.30.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

<R1>telnet 10.0.3.3

  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode

  Trying 10.0.3.3 ...

  Connected to 10.0.3.3 ...

Login authentication

Username:test

Password:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------    

  User last login information:    

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Access Type: Telnet     

  IP-Address : 10.0.10.1    

  Time       : 2016-09-25 03:29:23+00:00    

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

<R3>quit

  Info:Configuration console exit, please retry to log on

  The connection was closed by the remote host

<R1>telnet 10.0.30.1

  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode

  Trying 10.0.30.1 ...

  Error: Can't connect to the remote host

<R1>

        根据验证可知，只有访问指定地址的icmp和telnet可以通过，其他流量全部禁止。

最终设备配置

<S1>display current-configuration

!Software Version V200R008C00SPC500

#

sysname S1

#

vlan batch 11 to 13

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

 port link-type access                   

 port default vlan 11

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

 port link-type access

 port default vlan 12

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3

 port link-type access

 port default vlan 13

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21

 port link-type access

 port default vlan 11

#                                        

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22

 port link-type access

 port default vlan 12

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23

 port link-type access

 port default vlan 13

#

return

<R1>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

#

 sysname R1

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.10.254

#

return

<R2>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

#

 sysname R2

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

 ip address 10.0.20.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.20.254

#

return

<R3>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

#

 sysname R3

#

aaa

 local-user test password irreversible-cipher Admin@123

 local-user test privilege level 0        

 local-user test service-type telnet

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1           

 ip address 10.0.30.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0

#

 telnet server enable

#                                        

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.30.254

#

user-interface vty 0 4

 authentication-mode aaa

 protocol inbound telnet

#

return                                   

<FW>display current-configuration

#

 sysname FW

#

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0

 ip address 10.0.10.254 255.255.255.0

#

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 ip address 10.0.20.254 255.255.255.0    

#

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 ip address 10.0.30.254 255.255.255.0

#

firewall zone local

 set priority 100

#

firewall zone trust

 set priority 85

 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1

#

firewall zone untrust

 set priority 5

 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0

#                                        

firewall zone dmz

 set priority 50

 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2

#

 ip route-static 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.10.1

 ip route-static 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.20.1

 ip route-static 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.30.1

#

security-policy

 rule name policy_sec_1

  source-zone trust

  destination-zone untrust

  action permit

 rule name policy_sec_2

  source-zone trust

  destination-zone dmz

  action permit

 rule name policy_sec_3

  source-zone untrust

  destination-zone dmz

  destination-address 10.0.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255

  service icmp

  service telnet

  action permit

#

return