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package find;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class BST<Key extends Comparable, Value> {
private class Node {
private Key key; // 键
private Value value;// 值
private Node left, right; // 指向子树的链接
private int n; // 以该节点为根的子树中的节点总数
public Node(Key key, Value val, int n) { this.key = key; this.value = val; this.n = n; } } private Node root; public int size() { return size(root); } private int size(Node x) { if (x == null) return 0; else return x.n; } /** * 如果树是空的,则查找未命中 如果被查找的键小于根节点,则在左子树中继续查找 如果被查找的键大于根节点,则在右子树中继续查找 * 如果被查找的键和根节点的键相等,查找命中 * * @param key * @return */ public Value get(Key key) { return get(root, key); } private Value get(Node x, Key key) { if (x == null) return null; int cmp = key.compareTo(x.key); if (cmp < 0) return get(x.left, key); else if (cmp > 0) return get(x.right, key); else return x.value; } /** * 二叉查找树的一个很重要的特性就是插入的实现难度和查找差不多。 * 当查找到一个不存在与树中的节点(null)时,new 新节点,并将上一路径指向该节点 * * @param key * @param val */ public void put(Key key, Value val) { root = put(root, key, val); } private Node put(Node x, Key key, Value val) { if (x == null) return new Node(key, val, 1); int cmp = key.compareTo(x.key); if (cmp < 0) x.left = put(x.left, key, val); else if (cmp > 0) x.right = put(x.right, key, val); else x.value = val; x.n = 1 + size(x.left) + size(x.right); // 要及时更新节点的子树数量 return x; } public Key min() { return min(root).key; } private Node min(Node x) { if (x.left == null) return x; return min(x.left); } public Key max() { return max(root).key; } private Node max(Node x) { if (x.right == null) return x; return max(x.right); } /** * 向下取整:找出小于等于该键的最大键 * * @param key * @return */ public Key floor(Key key) { Node x = floor(root, key); if (x == null) return null; else return x.key; } /** * 如果给定的键key小于二叉查找树的根节点的键,那么小于等于key的最大键一定出现在根节点的左子树中 * 如果给定的键key大于二叉查找树的根节点,那么只有当根节点右子树中存在大于等于key的节点时, * 小于等于key的最大键才会出现在右子树中,否则根节点就是小于等于key的最大键 * * @param x * @param key * @return */ private Node floor(Node x, Key key) { if (x == null) return null; int cmp = key.compareTo(x.key); if (cmp == 0) return x; else if (cmp < 0) return floor(x.left, key); else { Node t = floor(x.right, key); if (t == null) return x; else return t; } } /** * 向上取整:找出大于等于该键的最小键 * * @param key * @return */ public Key ceiling(Key key) { Node x = ceiling(root, key); if (x == null) return null; else return x.key; } /** * 如果给定的键key大于二叉查找树的根节点的键,那么大于等于key的最小键一定出现在根节点的右子树中 * 如果给定的键key小于二叉查找树的根节点,那么只有当根节点左子树中存在大于等于key的节点时, * 大于等于key的最小键才会出现在左子树中,否则根节点就是大于等于key的最小键 * * @param x * @param key * @return */ private Node ceiling(Node x, Key key) { if (x == null) return null; int cmp = key.compareTo(x.key); if (cmp == 0) return x; else if (cmp > 0) { return ceiling(x.right, key); } else { Node t = floor(x.left, key); if (t == null) return x; else return t; } } /** * 选择排名为k的节点 * * @param k * @return */ public Key select(int k) { return select(root, k).key; } private Node select(Node x, int k) { if (x == null) return null; int t = size(x.left); if (t > k) return select(x.left, k); else if (t < k) return select(x.right, k - t - 1);// 根节点也要排除掉 else return x; } /** * 查找给定键值的排名 * * @param key * @return */ public int rank(Key key) { return rank(key, root); } private int rank(Key key, Node x) { if (x == null) return 0; int cmp = key.compareTo(x.key); if (cmp < 0) return rank(key, x.left); else if (cmp > 0) return 1 + size(x.left) + rank(key, x.right); else return size(x.left); } /** * 删除最小键值对 */ public void deleteMin(){ root = deleteMin(root); } /** * 不断深入根节点的左子树直到遇见一个空链接,然后将指向该节点的链接指向该结点的右子树 * 此时已经没有任何链接指向要被删除的结点,因此它会被垃圾收集器清理掉 * @param x * @return */ private Node deleteMin(Node x){ if(x.left == null) return x.right; x.left = deleteMin(x.left); x.n = 1 + size(x.left)+size(x.right); return x; } public void deleteMax(){ root = deleteMax(root); } private Node deleteMax(Node x){ if(x.right == null ) return x.left; x.right = deleteMax(x.right); x.n = size(x.left)+size(x.right) + 1; return x; } public void delete(Key key){ root = delete(root,key); } private Node delete(Node x, Key key){ if(x == null) return null; int cmp = key.compareTo(x.key); if(cmp < 0) x.left = delete(x.left,key); else if(cmp > 0) x.right = delete(x.right,key); else{ if(x.right == null) return x.left; if(x.left == null ) return x.right; /** * 如果被删除节点有两个子树,将被删除节点暂记为t * 从t的右子树中选取最小的节点x,将这个节点x的左子树设为t的左子树 * 这个节点x的右子树设为t的右子树中删除了最小节点的子树,这样就成功替换了t的位置 */ Node t = x; x = min(t.right); x.right = deleteMin(t.right); x.left = t.left; } x.n = size(x.left) + size(x.right) +1; return x; } public String toString(){ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); toString(root,sb); sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1); return sb.toString(); } private void toString(Node x, StringBuilder sb){ if(x == null ) return; toString(x.left,sb); sb.append("<"+x.key+","+x.value+">,"); toString(x.right,sb); } public List<Key> keys(){ return keys(min(),max()); } public List<Key> keys(Key lo, Key hi){ List<Key> list = new ArrayList<Key>(); keys(root, list, lo, hi); return list; } private void keys(Node x, List<Key> list, Key lo, Key hi){ if(x == null) return; int cmplo = lo.compareTo(x.key); int cmphi = hi.compareTo(x.key); if(cmplo < 0 ) keys(x.left,list,lo,hi); if(cmplo <= 0 && cmphi >= 0) list.add(x.key); if(cmphi > 0 ) keys(x.right,list,lo,hi); } public static void main(String[] args){ BST<Integer,String> bst = new BST<Integer,String>(); bst.put(5, "e"); bst.put(1, "a"); bst.put(4, "d"); bst.put(9, "i"); bst.put(10, "j"); bst.put(2, "b"); bst.put(7, "g"); bst.put(3, "c"); bst.put(8, "h"); bst.put(6, "f"); List<Integer> keys = bst.keys(); for(int key : keys){ System.out.print("<"+key+","+bst.get(key)+">,"); } System.out.println(); bst.deleteMin(); System.out.println(bst.toString()); bst.deleteMax(); System.out.println(bst.toString()); bst.delete(7); System.out.println(bst.toString()); }
}
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