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培训第三十二天（学习playbook-roles，脚本创建数据库和表，mycat读写分离）
作者：小舞很执着 | 2024-08-26 17:50:57
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培训第三十二天（学习playbook-roles，脚本创建数据库和表，mycat读写分离）
上午
1、roles（角色）介绍
roles(⻆⾊): 就是通过分别将variables, tasks及handlers等放置于单独 的⽬录中,并可以便捷地调⽤它们的⼀种机制。
假设我们要写⼀个playbook来安装管理lamp环境，那么这个 playbook就会写很⻓。所以我们希望把这个很⼤的⽂件分成多个功能 拆分, 分成apache管理,php管理,mysql管理，然后在需要使⽤的时候 直接调⽤就可以了，以免重复写。就类似编程⾥的模块化的概念，以 达到代码复⽤的效果。
2、roles目录介绍
files：⽤来存放由copy模块或script模块调⽤的⽂件。 tasks：⾄少有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各tasks。 handlers:有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义各handlers。 templates：⽤来存放jinjia2模板。 vars：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义变量。 meta：有⼀个main.yml⽂件，定义此⻆⾊的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
注意: 在每个⻆⾊的⽬录中分别创建files, tasks,handlers,templates,vars和meta⽬录，⽤不到的⽬录可以创建为空⽬录。
3、使用roles安装httpd和mysql
1）创建roles角色基础目录与文件
[root@1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@1 roles]# mkdir {httpd,mysql}
[root@1 roles]# mkdir {httpd,mysql}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta}
[root@1 roles]# touch {httpd,mysql}/{tasks,handlers,vars,meta}/main.yml
[root@1 roles]# tree
.
├── httpd
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── meta
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ └── vars
│ └── main.yml
├── mysql
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
└── vars
└── main.yml
2）创建playbook调用角色
[root@1 roles]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - httpd - mysql [root@1 roles]# cd [root@1 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载mysql yum: name=mysql state=absent - name: 安装mysql yum: name=mysql state=present [root@1 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载httpd yum: name=httpd state=absent - name: 安装httpd yum: name=httpd state=present - name: 启动httpd service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes [root@1 ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/test002.yml
4、练习：使用role来实现lnmp
1、nginx改配置8080
2、mariadb中创建eleme数据库
3、创建表 t_user
| id | int | 主键约束，自增 | 编号 |
|---|---|---|---|
| username | varchar | 非空约束 | 账号 |
| password | varchar | 非空约束 | 密码 |
| remark | varchar | 没有约束 | 账号权限说明 |
1）使用剧本修改nginx的端口号为80
[root@m0 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root tasks: - name: 卸载httpd yum: name=httpd state=absent - name: 安装nginx yum: name=nginx state=present - name: 修改资源文件 shell: echo 'i am nginx,port is 80' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html - name: 修改端口 command: sed -i '/listen/ s/80/8080/g' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf notify: - restart nginx - name: 启动服务 service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes handlers: - name: restart nginx service: name=nginx state=restarted ... [root@m0 ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/playbook/nginx.yml
2）安装mariadb，命令行形式创建数据库和表
[root@1 ~]# yum -y remove *mariadb* [root@1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb [root@1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server.x86_64 [root@1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-devel.x86_64 [root@1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@1 ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> quit Bye [root@1 ~]# mysql << EOF > create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4; > use eleme; > create table user(id int primary key auto_increment,username varchar(45) not null,password varchar(45) not null,remark varchar(45)); > quit > EOF [root@1 ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | eleme | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test]> use eleme; Database changed MariaDB [eleme]> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_eleme | +-----------------+ | user | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3）使用roles安装mariadb并执行脚本创建数据库和表
[root@1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/ [root@1 roles]# cp -r httpd mariadb [root@1 roles]# cd mariadb/ [root@1 mariadb]# ls files handlers meta tasks templates vars [root@1 mariadb]# vim tasks/main.yml --- - name: 卸载mariadb yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=absent - name: 安装mariadb yum: name=mariadb,mariadb-server,mariadb-devel state=present - name: 启动mariadb service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes - name: 执行脚本，创建数据库和数据表 script: /etc/ansible/script/dbtable.sh [root@1 mariadb]# cd /etc/ansible/ [root@1 ansible]# mkdir script [root@1 ansible]# cd script/ [root@1 script]# vim dbtable.sh #!/bin/bash mysql << EOF create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4; use eleme; create table t_user( id int primary key auto_increment, username varchar(45) not null, password varchar(45) not null, remark varchar(45) ); quit EOF [root@1 script]# vim /etc/ansible/playbook/test003.yml --- - hosts: s remote_user: root roles: - mariadb [root@1 script]# cd /etc/ansible/playbook/ [root@1 playbook]# ansible-playbook test003.yml
下午
配置⼀主⼆从的mysql服务器 mysql57
1）mysql服务器端⼝3306，不要关闭防⽕墙
# 主从配置 [root@mysql57 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp success [root@mysql57 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success [root@mysql57 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports 3306/tcp 96 yum -y install lrzsz 66 tar -zxf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 67 cp -r mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql 68 mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files 69 useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql 70 chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/ 71 chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/ 72 rm -rf /etc/my.cnf # 主配置 73 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql 74 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 76 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57 77 service mysql57 start 79 sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile 80 source /etc/profile vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock activate_all_roles_on_login=on port=3306 log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-master.err log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog server-id=10 character_set_server=utf8mb4 service mysql57 restart 81 mysql -p'zc0fLfoM%SDP' mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec) //修改root密码 mysql> create user 'slave0'@'%' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) //创建slave用户 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave0'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) //授予replication slave权限 mysql> flush privileges; //重新加载权限表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush tables with read lock; //刷新所有表并施加一个全局读锁 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; //查看主服务器当前二进制日志的状态信息 +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000003 | 1178 | | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.0.0.58:/usr/local/mysql/ rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.0.0.59:/usr/local/mysql/ # 从配置 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57 service mysql57 start sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile source /etc/profile vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock activate_all_roles_on_login=on port=3310 log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog server-id=11 character_set_server=utf8mb4 service mysql57 restart mysql -p'123' mysql> change master to -> master_host='10.0.0.57', -> master_user='slave0', -> master_password='123', -> master_port=3306, -> master_log_file='binlog.000003', -> master_log_pos=1178; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.02 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.57 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: binlog.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1178 Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 323 Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
2）在mysql中添加eleme数据库设置为utf8mb4
[root@mysql57 ~]# mysql -p'123' mysql> create database if not exists eleme charset utf8mb4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | eleme | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3）添加表t_user
mysql> create table eleme.t_user( -> id int not null primary key, -> name varchar(32) not null, -> username varchar(32) not null, -> password varchar(32) not null, -> remark varchar(32) not null -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> desc eleme.t_user; +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | | | username | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | | | password | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | | | remark | varchar(32) | NO | | NULL | | +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
4）添加2⾏记录
mysql> insert into eleme.t_user values(1,'超级管理员','admin','admin','超级管理员'),(2,'普通用户','guest','guest','普通用户'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from eleme.t_user; +----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+ | id | name | username | password | remark | +----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+ | 1 | 超级管理员 | admin | admin | 超级管理员 | | 2 | 普通用户 | guest | guest | 普通用户 | +----+-----------------+----------+----------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5）使⽤mycat为3台数据库设置负载均衡（读写分离）
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@mycat ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@mycat ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz v [root@mycat ~]# tar -xf jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz [root@mycat ~]# tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz [root@mycat ~]# cp -r jdk1.8.0_192/ /usr/local/jdk [root@mycat ~]# cp -r mycat/ /usr/local/ [root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/jdk/ bin lib src.zip COPYRIGHT LICENSE THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt include man THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt javafx-src.zip README.html jre release [root@mycat ~]# sed -i '$aexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk' /etc/profile [root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile [root@mycat ~]# $JAVA_HOME -bash: /usr/local/jdk: 是一个目录 [root@mycat ~]# sed -i '$aexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin' /etc/profile [root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile [root@mycat ~]# $PATH -bash: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@mycat ~]# javac -version javac 1.8.0_192 [root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/ bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt [root@mycat ~]# ll /usr/local/mycat/ 总用量 12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 190 8月 15 15:19 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 15 15:19 catlet drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 8月 15 15:19 conf drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月 15 15:19 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 15 15:19 logs -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 219 8月 15 15:19 version.txt [root@mycat ~]# ls /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat [root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml <user name="li" defaultAccount="true"> <property name="password">li</property> <property name="schemas">eleme</property> <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 --> <!-- <privileges check="false"> <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" > <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table> <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table> </schema> </privileges> --> </user> <!-- <user name="user"> <property name="password">user</property> <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property> <property name="readOnly">true</property> </user> --> [root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
[root@mycat ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start Starting Mycat-server... [root@mycat ~]# netstat -lnput | grep 8066 tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 1336/java
6、配置静态资源服务器，为前段提供图⽚和视频
7、部署2台有java17.0.3环境的后端服务器，端⼝8080，不关防⽕墙
8、部署nginx代理java服务器，负载均衡策略为轮询问，端⼝为80
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