分布式执行引擎ray入门--（3）Ray Train

Ray Train中包含4个部分

1. Training function: 包含训练模型逻辑的函数

2. Worker: 用来跑训练的

3. Scaling configuration: 配置

4. Trainer: 协调以上三个部分

Ray Train+PyTorch

这一块比较建议直接去官网看diff，官网色块标注的比较清晰，非常直观。

import os
import tempfile
 
import torch
from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss
from torch.optim import Adam
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision.models import resnet18
from torchvision.datasets import FashionMNIST
from torchvision.transforms import ToTensor, Normalize, Compose
 
import ray.train.torch
 
def train_func(config):
    # Model, Loss, Optimizer
    model = resnet18(num_classes=10)
    model.conv1 = torch.nn.Conv2d(
        1, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False
    )
    # model.to("cuda")  # This is done by `prepare_model`
    # [1] Prepare model.
    model = ray.train.torch.prepare_model(model)
    criterion = CrossEntropyLoss()
    optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
 
    # Data
    transform = Compose([ToTensor(), Normalize((0.5,), (0.5,))])
    data_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "data")
    train_data = FashionMNIST(root=data_dir, train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
    train_loader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=128, shuffle=True)
    # [2] Prepare dataloader.
    train_loader = ray.train.torch.prepare_data_loader(train_loader)
 
    # Training
    for epoch in range(10):
        for images, labels in train_loader:
            # This is done by `prepare_data_loader`!
            # images, labels = images.to("cuda"), labels.to("cuda")
            outputs = model(images)
            loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
 
        # [3] Report metrics and checkpoint.
        metrics = {"loss": loss.item(), "epoch": epoch}
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_checkpoint_dir:
            torch.save(
                model.module.state_dict(),
                os.path.join(temp_checkpoint_dir, "model.pt")
            )
            ray.train.report(
                metrics,
                checkpoint=ray.train.Checkpoint.from_directory(temp_checkpoint_dir),
            )
        if ray.train.get_context().get_world_rank() == 0:
            print(metrics)
 
# [4] Configure scaling and resource requirements.
scaling_config = ray.train.ScalingConfig(num_workers=2, use_gpu=True)
 
# [5] Launch distributed training job.
trainer = ray.train.torch.TorchTrainer(
    train_func,
    scaling_config=scaling_config,
    # [5a] If running in a multi-node cluster, this is where you
    # should configure the run's persistent storage that is accessible
    # across all worker nodes.
    # run_config=ray.train.RunConfig(storage_path="s3://..."),
)
result = trainer.fit()
# [6] Load the trained model.
with result.checkpoint.as_directory() as checkpoint_dir:
    model_state_dict = torch.load(os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "model.pt"))
    model = resnet18(num_classes=10)
    model.conv1 = torch.nn.Conv2d(
        1, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False
    )
    model.load_state_dict(model_state_dict)

模型 

  ray.train.torch.prepare_model() 

model = ray.train.torch.prepare_model(model)

相当于model.to(device_id or "cpu") +  DistributedDataParallel(model, device_ids=[device_id])

将model移动到合适的device上，同时实现分布式

数据

ray.train.torch.prepare_data_loader() 

报告 checkpoints 和 metrics

+import ray.train
+from ray.train import Checkpoint
 
 def train_func(config):
 
     ...
     torch.save(model.state_dict(), f"{checkpoint_dir}/model.pth"))
+    metrics = {"loss": loss.item()} # Training/validation metrics.
+    checkpoint = Checkpoint.from_directory(checkpoint_dir) # Build a Ray Train checkpoint from a directory
+    ray.train.report(metrics=metrics, checkpoint=checkpoint)
 
     ...

data_loader = ray.train.torch.prepare_data_loader(data_loader)

将batches移动到合适的device上，同时实现分布式sampler

配置 scale 和 GPUs

from ray.train import ScalingConfig
scaling_config = ScalingConfig(num_workers=2, use_gpu=True)

配置持久化存储

多节点分布式训练时必须指定，本地路径会有问题。

from ray.train import RunConfig
 
# Local path (/some/local/path/unique_run_name)
run_config = RunConfig(storage_path="/some/local/path", name="unique_run_name")
 
# Shared cloud storage URI (s3://bucket/unique_run_name)
run_config = RunConfig(storage_path="s3://bucket", name="unique_run_name")
 
# Shared NFS path (/mnt/nfs/unique_run_name)
run_config = RunConfig(storage_path="/mnt/nfs", name="unique_run_name")

启动训练任务

from ray.train.torch import TorchTrainer
 
trainer = TorchTrainer(
    train_func, scaling_config=scaling_config, run_config=run_config
)
result = trainer.fit()