网络安全人员一定要知道的Metasploit渗透框架！_metasploit框架、exploitdb

作者：知新_RL | 2024-07-18 23:14:26

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metasploit框架、exploitdb

简介

Metasploit是一款开源安全漏洞检测工具，附带数百个已知的软件漏洞，并保持频繁更新。被安全社区冠以“可以黑掉整个宇宙”之名的强大渗透测试框架。

Metasploit官网：www.metasploit.com/

Metasploit的Github仓库地址：github.com/rapid7/meta…

框架和相关术语简介：

Vulnerability：允许攻击者入侵或危害系统安全性的弱点称为漏洞，漏洞可能存在于操作系统，应用软件甚至网络协议中。

Exploit：攻击代码或程序，它允许攻击者利用易受攻击的系统并危害其安全性。每个漏洞都有对应的漏洞利用程序。Metasploit有超过 1700 个漏洞利用程序。

Payload：攻击载荷。它主要用于建立攻击者和受害者机器直接的连接，Metasploit有超过 500个有效攻击载荷。

Module：模块是一个完整的构件，每个模块执行特定的任务，并通过几个模块组成一个单元运行。这种架构的好处是可以很容易的将自己写的利用程序和工具集成到框架中。

使用方法

在MSF里面msfconsole可以说是最流行的一个接口程序。很多人一开始碰到msfconsole的时候就害怕了。那么多复杂的命令语句需要学习，但是msfconsole真的是一个强大的接口程序。Msfconsole提供了一个一体化的集中控制台。通过msfconsole，你可以访问和使用所有的metasploit的插件，payload，利用模块，post模块等等。Msfconsole还有第三方程序的接口，比如nmap，sqlmap等，可以直接在msfconsole里面使用。

大家可以直接在命令行窗口输入msfconsole，然后回车。这样就打开了msfconsole。Msfconsole的系统文件和用户文件位于/usr/share/metasploit-framework/目录下。

msf5 > help
Core Commands
=============

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    ?             Help menu
    banner        Display an awesome metasploit banner
    cd            Change the current working directory
    color         Toggle color
    connect       Communicate with a host
    exit          Exit the console
    get           Gets the value of a context-specific variable
    getg          Gets the value of a global variable
    grep          Grep the output of another command
    help          Help menu
    history       Show command history
    load          Load a framework plugin
    quit          Exit the console
    repeat        Repeat a list of commands
    route         Route traffic through a session
    save          Saves the active datastores
    sessions      Dump session listings and display information about sessions
    set           Sets a context-specific variable to a value
    setg          Sets a global variable to a value
    sleep         Do nothing for the specified number of seconds
    spool         Write console output into a file as well the screen
    threads       View and manipulate background threads
    tips          Show a list of useful productivity tips
    unload        Unload a framework plugin
    unset         Unsets one or more context-specific variables
    unsetg        Unsets one or more global variables
    version       Show the framework and console library version numbers


Module Commands
===============

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    advanced      Displays advanced options for one or more modules
    back          Move back from the current context
    clearm        Clear the module stack
    info          Displays information about one or more modules
    listm         List the module stack
    loadpath      Searches for and loads modules from a path
    options       Displays global options or for one or more modules
    popm          Pops the latest module off the stack and makes it active
    previous      Sets the previously loaded module as the current module
    pushm         Pushes the active or list of modules onto the module stack
    reload_all    Reloads all modules from all defined module paths
    search        Searches module names and descriptions
    show          Displays modules of a given type, or all modules
    use           Interact with a module by name or search term/index


Job Commands
============

    Command       Description
    -------       -----------
    handler       Start a payload handler as job
    jobs          Displays and manages jobs
    kill          Kill a job
    rename_job    Rename a job
    
Database Backend Commands
=========================

    Command           Description
    -------           -----------
    analyze           Analyze database information about a specific address or address range
    db_connect        Connect to an existing data service
    db_disconnect     Disconnect from the current data service
    db_export         Export a file containing the contents of the database
    db_import         Import a scan result file (filetype will be auto-detected)
    db_nmap           Executes nmap and records the output automatically
    db_rebuild_cache  Rebuilds the database-stored module cache (deprecated)
    db_remove         Remove the saved data service entry
    db_save           Save the current data service connection as the default to reconnect on startup
    db_status         Show the current data service status
    hosts             List all hosts in the database
    loot              List all loot in the database
    notes             List all notes in the database
    services          List all services in the database
    vulns             List all vulnerabilities in the database
    workspace         Switch between database workspaces


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search参数

你使用msfconsole的时候，你会用到各种漏洞模块、各种插件等等。所以search命令就很重要。

先查看search的帮助信息

msf5 > search -h
Usage: search [<options>] [<keywords>:<value>]

Prepending a value with '-' will exclude any matching results.
If no options or keywords are provided, cached results are displayed.

OPTIONS:
  -h                Show this help information
  -o <file>         Send output to a file in csv format
  -S <string>       Regex pattern used to filter search results
  -u                Use module if there is one result

Keywords:
  aka         :  Modules with a matching AKA (also-known-as) name
  author      :  Modules written by this author
  arch        :  Modules affecting this architecture
  bid         :  Modules with a matching Bugtraq ID
  cve         :  Modules with a matching CVE ID
  edb         :  Modules with a matching Exploit-DB ID
  check       :  Modules that support the 'check' method
  date        :  Modules with a matching disclosure date
  description :  Modules with a matching description
  fullname    :  Modules with a matching full name
  mod_time    :  Modules with a matching modification date
  name        :  Modules with a matching descriptive name
  path        :  Modules with a matching path
  platform    :  Modules affecting this platform
  port        :  Modules with a matching port
  rank        :  Modules with a matching rank (Can be descriptive (ex: 'good') or numeric with comparison operators (ex: 'gte400'))
  ref         :  Modules with a matching ref
  reference   :  Modules with a matching reference
  target      :  Modules affecting this target
  type        :  Modules of a specific type (exploit, payload, auxiliary, encoder, evasion, post, or nop)

Examples:
  search cve:2009 type:exploit
  search cve:2009 type:exploit platform:-linux


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