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python爬虫之请求（url）构造 —— 寻找参数来源以及中文编码_爬虫中 "from"参数在哪里找

作者：知新_RL | 2024-02-17 02:31:17

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爬虫中 "from"参数在哪里找

1. 环境

  • 系统：win7
  • python：3.6.1
  • IDE：pycharm
  • 平台：scrapy

2. 目标

3. 方案

3.1. 分析不同

  • 第一步，对比这几个搜索的不同：

https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=phone+mount

https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dmobile&field-keywords=phone+mount&rh=n%3A2335752011%2Ck%3Aphone+mount

https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Damazon-devices&field-keywords=phone+mount&rh=n%3A16333372011%2Ck%3Aphone+mount

  • 发现关键点就在于 rh=n%3A16333372011%2Ck%3A ，排除掉经过url编码过的特殊字符之外，关键参数就是：2335752011， 16333372011

3.2. 寻找参数来源

  • 这些参数【2335752011， 16333372011】肯定不可能是空穴来风，一定就藏在原始页面的源代码中。
  • 拿到原始页面（refer页面）的源代码：
    这里写图片描述
  • 搜索这两个数字，找到如下这段代码：
<script type="text/javascript">
  window.$Nav && $Nav.when("data").run(function(data) { data({"shopAllContent":{"template":{"name":"itemList","data":{"items":[{"text":"Amazon Video","panelKey":"InstantVideoPanel"},{"text":"Amazon Music","panelKey":"DigitalMusicPanel"},{"text":"Appstore for Android","panelKey":"AndroidPanel"},{"text":"Echo & Alexa","panelKey":"KindleAmazonEchoPanel"},{"text":"Fire Tablets","panelKey":"KindleFireTabletPanel"},{"text":"Fire TV","panelKey":"FireTvPanel"},{"text":"Kindle E-readers & Books","panelKey":"KindleReaderPanel"},{"text":"Books & Audible","dividerBefore":"1","panelKey":"BooksPanel"},{"text":"Movies, Music & Games","panelKey":"MoviesMusicGamesPanel"},{"text":"Electronics, Computers & Office","panelKey":"ElectronicsComputersPanel"},{"text":"Home, Garden & Tools","panelKey":"HomeGardenToolsPanel"},{"text":"Food & Grocery","panelKey":"FoodGroceryPanel"},{"text":"Beauty & Health","panelKey":"BeautyHealthPanel"},{"text":"Toys, Kids & Baby","panelKey":"ToysKidsBabyPanel"},{"text":"Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry","panelKey":"ClothingShoesJewelryPanel"},{"text":"Handmade","panelKey":"HandmadePanel"},{"text":"Sports & Outdoors","panelKey":"SportsOutdoorsT1Panel"},{"text":"Automotive & Industrial","panelKey":"AutomotiveIndustrialPanel"},{"text":"Home Services","dividerBefore":"1","panelKey":"HomeServicesPanel"},{"text":"Credit & Payment Products","panelKey":"CreditPanel"},{"text":"Full Store Directory","decorate":"carat","url":"/gp/site-directory/ref=nav_shopall_fullstore"}]}},"url":"/stream/hotpicks/ref=strm_in_sd_banner_dsktp?asFilter=HP","wlTriggers":"118061:52036"},"KindleReaderPanel":{"promoID":"nav-sa-kindle-reader","template":{"name":"itemList","data":{"text":"Kindle E-readers & Books","items":[{"text":"Kindle E-readers","items":[{"subtext":"Small, light, and perfect for reading","text":"Kindle","url":"/dp/B00ZV9PXP2/ref=nav_shopall_1_k_ods_eink_bn"},{"subtext":"Our best-selling Kindle—now even better","text":"Kindle Paperwhite","url":"/dp/B00OQVZDJM/ref=nav_shopall_1_k_ods_eink_mt"},{"subtext":"Passionately crafted for readers","text":"Kindle Voyage","url":"/dp/B00IOY8XWQ/ref=nav_shopall_1_k_ods_eink_ie"},{"subtext":"Now Waterproof","text":"All-New Kindle Oasis","url":"/dp/B06XD5YCKX/ref=nav_shopall_1_k_ods_eink_cc"},{"subtext":"It's not screen time - it's book time","text":"Kindle for Kids Bundle","url":"/dp/B01KMSKNGU/ref=nav_shopall_1_k_ods_eink_keb"},{"subtext":"Covers, chargers, sleeves and more","text":"Accessories","url":"/Kindle-Accessories-Electronics/b/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_acc?ie=UTF8&node=370783011"},{"subtext":"Compare e-readers, find deals, and more","text":"See all Kindle E-readers","url":"/Amazon-Kindle-Ereader-Family/b/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_catp?ie=UTF8&node=6669702011"}]},{"text":"Kindle Store","dividerBefore":"1","items":[{"text":"Kindle Books","url":"/Kindle-eBooks/b/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_books?ie=UTF8&node=1286228011"},{"text":"Newsstand","url":"/Magazines-Journals-Kindle/b/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_news?ie=UTF8&node=241646011"},{"subtext":"Unlimited reading & listening","text":"Kindle Unlimited","url":"/gp/kindle/ku/sign-up/ui/rw/about/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_ku"},{"text":"Prime Reading","url":"/kindle-dbs/fd/prime-pr/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_pr"}]},{"text":"Apps & Resources","columnBreak":"1","items":[{"subtext":"For PC, iPad, iPhone, Android, and more","text":"Free Kindle Reading Apps","url":"/gp/feature.html/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_karl?ie=UTF8&docId=1000493771"},{"subtext":"Read your Kindle books in a browser","text":"Kindle Cloud Reader","url":"/gp/redirect.html/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_kcr?location=https://read.amazon.com/&token=34AD60CFC4DCD7A97D4E2F4A4A7C4149FBEEF236&source=standards"},{"text":"Manage Your Content and Devices","url":"/gp/digital/fiona/manage/ref=nav_shopall_1_ods_eink_con_myk"}]}]}}},"signinContent":{"html":"<div id='nav-signin-tooltip'><a href='/gp/navigation/redirector.html/ref=sign-in-redirect?ie=UTF8&amp;associationHandle=usflex&amp;currentPageURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fyourstore%2Fhome%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_signin&amp;pageType=&amp;switchAccount=&amp;yshURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fyourstore%2Fhome%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_signin' class='nav-action-button' data-nav-role='signin' data-nav-ref='nav_custrec_signin'><span class='nav-action-inner'>Sign in</span></a><div class='nav-signin-tooltip-footer'>New customer? <a href='https://www.amazon.com/ap/register?_encoding=UTF8&amp;openid.assoc_handle=usflex&amp;openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&amp;openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&amp;openid.mode=checkid_setup&amp;openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&amp;openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&amp;openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&amp;openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fyourstore%2Fhome%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_custrec_newcust' class='nav-a'>Start here.</a></div></div>"},"ElectronicsComputersPanel":{"promoID":"nav-sa-electronics-computers","template":{"name":"itemList","data":{"text":"Electronics, Computers & Office","items":[{"text":"Electronics","items":[{"text":"TV & Video","url":"/Televisions-Video/b/ref=nav_shopall_tv?ie=UTF8&node=1266092011"},{"text":"Home Audio & Theater","url":"/Home-Audio-Electronics/b/ref=nav_shopall_hat?ie=UTF8&node=667846011"},{"text":"Camera, Photo & Video","url":"/Camera-Photo-Film-Canon-Sony/b/ref=nav_shopall_p?ie=UTF8&node=502394"},{"text":"Cell Phones & Accessories","url":"/cell-phones-service-plans-accessories/b/ref=nav_shopall_wi?ie=UTF8&node=2335752011"},{"text":"Headphones","url":"/Headphones-Accessories-Supplies/b/ref=nav_shopall_headphones?ie=UTF8&node=172541"},{"text":"Video Games","url":"/computer-video-games-hardware-accessories/b/ref=nav_shopall_cvg_ce?ie=UTF8&node=468642"},{"text":"Bluetooth & Wireless Speakers","url":"/Multiroom-Digital-Music-Systems/b/ref=nav_shopall_bluetoothwireless?ie=UTF8&node=322215011"},{"text":"Car Electronics","url":"/Car-Electronics/b/ref=nav_shopall_gps_ce?ie=UTF8&node=1077068"},{"text":"Musical Instruments","url":"/musical-instruments-accessories-sound-recording/b/ref=nav_shopall_mi_ce?ie=UTF8&node=11091801"},{"text":"Wearable Technology","url":"/b/ref=nav_shopall_wear_tech?ie=UTF8&node=9013937011"},{"text":"Electronics Showcase","url":"/electronics-store/b/ref=nav_shopall_elec_hub?ie=UTF8&node=172282"}]},{"text":"Computers","columnBreak":"1","items":[{"text":"Computers & Tablets","url":"/Computers-Tablets/b/ref=nav_shopall_basedevices?ie=UTF8&node=13896617011"},{"text":"Monitors","url":"/Monitors-Computers-Accessories/b/ref=nav_shopall_monitors?ie=UTF8&node=1292115011"},{"subtext":"For computers, laptops & tablets","text":"Accessories","url":"/Computer-Accessories-Supplies/b/ref=nav_shopall_compaccess?ie=UTF8&node=172456"},{"text":" Networking ","url":"/Networking-Computer-Add-Ons-Computers/b/ref=nav_shopall_networking?ie=UTF8&node=172504"},{"text":"Drives & Storage","url":"/Memory-Cards-External-Storage/b/ref=nav_shopall_storage?ie=UTF8&node=1292110011"},{"text":"Computer Parts & Components","url":"/PC-Parts-Components/b/ref=nav_shopall_components?ie=UTF8&node=193870011"},{"subtext":"Downloads, subscriptions & more","text":"Software","url":"/design-download-business-education-software/b/ref=nav_shopall_sw?ie=UTF8&node=229534"},{"text":"Printers & Ink","url":"/Printers-Office-Electronics/b/ref=nav_shopall_printers?ie=UTF8&node=172635"},{"text":"Office & School Supplies","url":"/office-products-supplies-electronics-furniture/b/ref=nav_shopall_op?ie=UTF8&node=1064954"},{"text":"Trade In Your Electronics","url":"/Electronics-Trade-In/b/ref=nav_shopall_trade_in_elec?ie=UTF8&node=2226766011"}]}]}}},"accountListContent":{"html":"<div id='nav-al-container'><div id='nav-al-signin'><div id='nav-flyout-ya-signin' class='nav-flyout-content'><a href='/gp/navigation/redirector.html/ref=sign-in-redirect?ie=UTF8&amp;associationHandle=usflex&amp;currentPageURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fyourstore%2Fhome%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_signin&amp;pageType=&amp;switchAccount=&amp;yshURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fyourstore%2Fhome%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_signin' rel='nofollow' class='nav-action-button' data-nav-role='signin' data-nav-ref='nav_signin'><span class='nav-action-inner'>Sign in</span></a><div id='nav-flyout-ya-newCust' class='nav_pop_new_cust nav-flyout-content'>New customer? <a href='https://www.amazon.com/ap/register?_encoding=UTF8&amp;openid.assoc_handle=usflex&amp;openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&amp;openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&amp;openid.mode=checkid_setup&amp;openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&amp;openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&amp;openid.pape.max_auth_age=0&amp;openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fyourstore%2Fhome%3Fie%3DUTF8%26ref_%3Dnav_newcust' rel='nofollow' class='nav-a'>Start here.</a></div></div></div><div id='nav-al-wishlist' class='nav-al-column nav-tpl-itemList'><div class='nav-title' id='nav-al-title'>Your Lists</div><a href='/gp/registry/wishlist/ref=nav_wishlist_create?ie=UTF8&amp;triggerElementID=createList' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Create a List</span></a><a href='/gp/registry/search/ref=nav_wishlist_find' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Find a List or Registry</span></a><a href='/gcx/Gifts-for-Adults/gfhz/ref=nav_wishlist_gf' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Find a Gift</span></a><a href='/gp/BIT/ref=nav_wishlist_bit_v2_a0032?ie=UTF8&amp;bitCampaignCode=a0032' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Save Items from the Web</span></a><a href='/wedding/home/ref=nav_wishlist_wr' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Wedding Registry</span></a><a href='/baby-reg/homepage/ref=nav_wishlist_br' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Baby Registry</span></a><a href='/gp/gift-central/organizer/ref=nav_wishlist_fafgift' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Friends & Family Gifting</span></a><a href='/gp/pantry/yourlists/ref=nav_wishlist_pntry_gno' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Pantry Lists</span></a><a href='/stream/saves/items/ref=nav_wishlist_strm_in_youtique_lists' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Hearts</span></a></div><div id='nav-al-your-account' class='nav-al-column nav-template nav-flyout-content nav-tpl-itemList'><div class='nav-title'>Your Account</div><a href='/gp/css/homepage.html/ref=nav_youraccount_ya' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Account</span></a><a href='/gp/css/order-history/ref=nav_youraccount_orders' class='nav-link nav-item' id='nav_prefetch_yourorders'><span class='nav-text'>Your Orders</span></a><a href='/gp/registry/wishlist/ref=nav_youraccount_wl?ie=UTF8&amp;requiresSignIn=1' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Lists</span></a><a href='/gp/yourstore/ref=nav_youraccount_recs' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Recommendations</span></a><a href='/gp/subscribe-and-save/manager/viewsubscriptions/ref=nav_youraccount_sns' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Subscribe & Save Items</span></a><a href='/yourmembershipsandsubscriptions/ref=digital_subscriptions' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Memberships & Subscriptions</span></a><a href='/localservices/ya/servicerequests/ref=nav_youraccount_desktop_vas_requestlist' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Service Requests</span></a><a href='/gp/subs/primeclub/account/homepage.html/ref=nav_youraccount_prime' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Prime Membership</span></a><a href='/gp/your-garage/ref=nav_youraccount_au_pf_as_GNO' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Garage</span></a><a href='/b/ref=nav_youraccount_b2b_reg?ie=UTF8&amp;node=11261610011' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Register for a Business Account</span></a><a href='/Credit-Cards/b/ref=nav_youraccount_cc?ie=UTF8&amp;node=1266766011' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Amazon Credit Cards</span></a><a href='/mn/dcw/myx.html/ref=nav_youraccount_myk' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Content and Devices</span></a><a href='/gp/dmusic/mp3/player/ref=nav_youraccount_cldplyr' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Music Library</span></a><a href='/photos/ref=nav_youraccount_primephotos' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Prime Photos</span></a><a href='/clouddrive/ref=nav_youraccount_clddrv' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Amazon Drive</span></a><a href='/Prime-Instant-Video/s/browse/ref=nav_youraccount_piv?_encoding=UTF8&amp;node=2676882011' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Prime Video</span></a><a href='/gp/kindle/ku/ku_central/ref=nav_youraccount_ku' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Kindle Unlimited</span></a><a href='/gp/video/watchlist/ref=nav_youraccount_ywl' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Watchlist</span></a><a href='/gp/video/library/ref=nav_youraccount_yvl' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Video Library</span></a><a href='/gp/mas/your-account/myapps/ref=nav_youraccount_aad' class='nav-link nav-item'><span class='nav-text'>Your Android Apps & Devices</span></a></div></div>"},"FoodGroceryPanel":{"promoID":"nav-sa-food-grocery","template":{"name":"itemList","data":{"text":"Food & Grocery","items":[{"text":"Amazon Restaurants","items":[{"subtext":"Available in select cities","text":"See All Restaurants","url":"/restaurants?ref_=nav_shopall_amzrst_all_topnav"},{"text":"Popular Restaurants","url":"/restaurants/m/popular-restaurants?ref_=nav_shopall_amzrst_popular_topnav"}]},{"text":"Grocery & Wine","dividerBefore":"1","items":[{"text":"Grocery & Gourmet Food","url":"/grocery-breakfast-foods-snacks-organic/b/ref=nav_shopall_gro?ie=UTF8&node=16310101"},{"subtext":"Available in select states","text":"Wine","url":"/Wine-Red-White-Sparkling-Dessert-Rose/b/ref=nav_shopall_wine?ie=UTF8&node=2983386011"},{"subtext":"Available in select cities","text":"AmazonFresh","url":"/AmazonFresh/b/ref=nav_shopall_fresh?ie=UTF8&node=10329849011"},{"subtext":"Everyday essentials in everyday sizes","text":"Prime Pantry","url":"/Prime-Pantry/b/ref=nav_shopall_prime_pantry?ie=UTF8&node=7301146011"},{"text":"Amazon Launchpad Food","url":"/b/ref=nav_shopall_lpd_gno_csmbl?ie=UTF8&node=12034492011"},{"subtext":"Up to 15% off, free shipping, and more","text":"Subscribe & Save","url":"/Subscribe-Save/b/ref=nav_shopall_subscribe_save?ie=UTF8&node=5856181011"},{"text":"Wickedly Prime","url":"/Wickedly-Prime/b/ref=nav_shopall_wickedlyprime?ie=UTF8&node=13854994011"}]}]}}},"FireTvPanel":{"promoID":"nav-sa-fire-tv","template":{"name":"itemList","data":{"text":"Fire 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Watch TV live. 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Transparent origins. Exclusive to Prime. ","text":"Amazon Elements","url":"/Amazon-Elements/b/ref=nav_shopall_elements_baby?ie=UTF8&node=8514636011","dividerBefore":"1"}]},{"text":"Clothing & Shoes","dividerBefore":"1","items":[{"text":"For Girls","url":"/Girls-Fashion/b/ref=nav_shopall_toys_girls?ie=UTF8&node=7147442011"},{"text":"For Boys","url":"/Boys-Fashion/b/ref=nav_shopall_toys_boys?ie=UTF8&node=7147443011"},{"text":"For Baby","url":"/Baby-Clothing-Shoes/b/ref=nav_shopall_toys_baby?ie=UTF8&node=7147444011"}]}]}}},"templates":{"asin-promo":"<a href='<#=destination #>' class='nav_asin_promo'>  <img src='<#=image #>' class='nav_asin_promo_img'/>  <span class='nav_asin_promo_headline'><#=headline #></span>  <span class='nav_asin_promo_info'>    <span class='nav_asin_promo_title'><#=productTitle #></span>    <span class='nav_asin_promo_title2'><#=productTitle2 #></span>    <span class='nav_asin_promo_price'><#=price #></span>  </span>  <span class='nav_asin_promo_button nav-sprite'><#=button #></span></a>","discoveryPanelList":"<# var renderItems = function(items) { #>    <span class='nav-dp-title nav-item'>    Deliveries at a glance    <div class='nav-divider-container'><div class='nav-divider'></div></div></span>    <# jQuery.each(items, function (i, item) { #>        <span class='nav-item'>            <a href='<#=item.order_link#>' class='nav-dp-link'>                <span class='nav-dp-left-column'>                    <img src='<#=item.image#>' class='nav-dp-image'/>                </span>                <span class='nav-dp-right-column'>                    <span class='nav-dp-text <#=item.status#>'>                        <#=item.status_text#>                        <br/>                    </span>                    <# if(item.secondary_status_text) { #>                        <span class='nav-dp-text-secondary <#=item.status#>'>                            <#=item.secondary_status_text#>                        </span>                    <# } #>                </span>            </a>            <div class='nav-divider-container'><div class='nav-divider'></div></div>        </span>  <# }); #>  <a href='/your-orders/ref=nav_dp_ayo' class='nav-dp-link-emphasis'>      View all orders  </a><# }; #><# renderItems(items); #>","itemList":"<# var hasColumns = (function () {  var checkColumns = function (_items) {    if (!_items) {      return false;    }    for (var i=0; i<_items.length; i++) {      if (_items[i].columnBreak || (_items[i].items && checkColumns(_items[i].items))) {        return true;      }    }    return false;  };  return checkColumns(items);}()); #><# if(hasColumns) { #>  <# if(items[0].image && items[0].image.src) { #>    <div class='nav-column nav-column-first nav-column-image'>  <# } else if (items[0].greeting) { #>    <div class='nav-column nav-column-first nav-column-greeting'>  <# } else { #>    <div class='nav-column nav-column-first'>  <# } #><# } #><# var renderItems = function(items) { #>  <# jQuery.each(items, function (i, item) { #>    <# if(hasColumns && item.columnBreak) { #>      <# if(item.image && item.image.src) { #>        </div><div class='nav-column nav-column-notfirst nav-column-break nav-column-image'>      <# } else if (item.greeting) { #>        </div><div class='nav-column nav-column-notfirst nav-column-break nav-column-greeting'>      <# } else { #>        </div><div class='nav-column nav-column-notfirst nav-column-break'>      <# } #>    <# } #>    <# if(item.dividerBefore) { #>      <div class='nav-divider'></div>    <# } #>    <# if(item.text || item.content) { #>      <# if(item.url) { #>        <a href='<#=item.url #>' class='nav-link      <# } else {#>        <span class='      <# } #>      <# if(item.panelKey) { #>        nav-hasPanel      <# } #>      <# if(item.items) { #>        nav-title      <# } #>      <# if(item.decorate == 'carat') { #>        nav-carat      <# } #>      <# if(item.decorate == 'nav-action-button') { #>        nav-action-button      <# } #>      nav-item'      <# if(item.extra) { #>        <#=item.extra #>      <# } #>      <# if(item.id) { #>        id='<#=item.id #>'      <# } #>      <# if(item.dataNavRole) { #>        data-nav-role='<#=item.dataNavRole #>'      <# } #>      <# if(item.dataNavRef) { #>        data-nav-ref='<#=item.dataNavRef #>'      <# } #>      <# if(item.panelKey) { #>        data-nav-panelkey='<#=item.panelKey #>'        role='navigation'        aria-label='<#=item.text#>'      <# } #>      <# if(item.subtextKey) { #>        data-nav-subtextkey='<#=item.subtextKey #>'      <# } #>      <# if(item.image && item.image.height > 16) { #>        style='line-height:<#=item.image.height #>px;'      <# } #>      >      <# if(item.decorate == 'carat') { #>        <i class='nav-icon'></i>      <# } #>      <# if(item.image && item.image.src) { #>        <img class='nav-image' src='<#=item.image.src #>' style='height:<#=item.image.height #>px; width:<#=item.image.width #>px;' />      <# } #>      <# if(item.text) { #>        <span class='nav-text<# if(item.classname) { #> <#=item.classname #><# } #>'><#=item.text#><# if(item.badgeText) { #>          <span class='nav-badge'><#=item.badgeText#></span>        <# } #></span>      <# } else if (item.content) { #>        <span class='nav-content'><# jQuery.each(item.content, function (j, cItem) { #><# if(cItem.url && cItem.text) { #><a href='<#=cItem.url #>' class='nav-a'><#=cItem.text #></a><# } else if (cItem.text) { #><#=cItem.text#><# } #><# }); #></span>      <# } #>      <# if(item.subtext) { #>        <span class='nav-subtext'><#=item.subtext #></span>      <# } #>      <# if(item.url) { #>        </a>      <# } else {#>        </span>      <# } #>    <# } #>    <# if(item.image && item.image.src) { #>      <# if(item.url) { #>        <a href='<#=item.url #>'>       <# } #>      <img class='nav-image'      <# if(item.id) { #>        id='<#=item.id #>'      <# } #>      src='<#=item.image.src #>' <# if (item.alt) { #> alt='<#= item.alt #>'<# } #>/>      <# if(item.url) { #>        </a>       <# } #>    <# } #>    <# if(item.items) { #>      <div class='nav-panel'> <# renderItems(item.items); #> </div>    <# } #>  <# }); #><# }; #><# renderItems(items); #><# if(hasColumns) { #>  </div><# } #>","notificationsList":"<div class='nav-item nav-title'>  Notifications</div><# jQuery.each(items || [], function (i, item) { #>  <div class='nav-item<# if (item.type) { #> nav-noti-list-<#= item.type #><# } #><# if (item.image && item.image.src) { #> nav-noti-list-with-image<# } #>'>    <# if (item.dismissId) { #>      <div class='nav-noti-list-x' data-noti-id='<#= item.dismissId #>'>&times;</div>    <# } #>    <# if (item.image && item.image.src) { #>      <div class='nav-noti-list-image'>        <img class='nav-noti-list-image-tag' src='<#= item.image.src #>' <# if (item.image.alt) { #> alt='<#= item.image.alt #>'<# } #> <# if (item.image.title) { #> title='<#= item.image.title #>'<# } #>/>      </div>    <# } #>    <# if (item.heading) { #>      <div class='nav-noti-list-heading'><#= item.heading #></div>    <# } #>    <# jQuery.each(item.content || [], function (j, itemContent) { #>      <# if (itemContent.url) { #>        <a href='<#= itemContent.url #>' class='nav-noti-list-content'>      <# } else { #>        <div class='nav-noti-list-content'>      <# } #>        <# if (itemContent.text) { #>          <span class='nav-noti-list-text'><#= itemContent.text #></span>        <# } #>        <# if (itemContent.subtext) { #>          <span class='nav-noti-list-subtext'><#= itemContent.subtext #></span>        <# } #>      <# if (itemContent.url) { #>        </a>      <# } else { #>        </div>      <# } #>    <# }); #>  </div><# }); #>","discoveryPanelSummary":"    <span class='nav-dp-title nav-item'>    Deliveries at a glance    <div class='nav-divider-container'><div class='nav-divider'></div></div></span>    <# jQuery.each(items || [], function (i, item) { #>        <span class='nav-item'>            <span class='nav-dp-left-column'>                <img src='<#=item.image.url#>' class='nav-dp-image' height='<#=item.image.height#>'/>            </span>            <span class='nav-dp-right-column'>                <#=item.status_text#>                <div class='nav-dp-secondary-row'>                    <a href='/your-orders/ref=nav_dp_ryo' class='nav-dp-link-emphasis'>                        Sign in to view orders                    </a>                </div>            </span>        </span>    <# }); #>","htmlList":"  <# jQuery.each(items, function (i, item) { #>    <div class='nav-item'>      <#=item #>    </div>  <# }); #>","subnav":"<# if (obj && obj.type === 'vertical') { #>  <# jQuery.each(obj.rows, function (i, row) { #>    <# if (row.flyoutElement === 'button') { #>      <div class='nav_sv_fo_v_button'        <# if (row.elementStyle) { #>          style='<#= row.elementStyle #>'        <# } #>      >        <a href='<#=row.url #>' class='nav-action-button nav-sprite'>          <#=row.text #>        </a>      </div>    <# } else if (row.flyoutElement === 'list' && row.list) { #>      <# jQuery.each(row.list, function (j, list) { #>        <div class='nav_sv_fo_v_column <#=(j === 0) ? 'nav_sv_fo_v_first' : '' #>'>          <ul class='<#=list.elementClass #>'>          <# jQuery.each(list.linkList, function (k, link) { #>            <# if (k === 0) { link.elementClass += ' nav_sv_fo_v_first'; } #>            <li class='<#=link.elementClass #>'>              <# if (link.url) { #>                <a href='<#=link.url #>' class='nav_a'><#=link.text #></a>              <# } else { #>                <span class='nav_sv_fo_v_span'><#=link.text #></span>              <# } #>            </li>          <# }); #>          </ul>        </div>      <# }); #>    <# } else if (row.flyoutElement === 'link') { #>      <# if (row.topSpacer) { #>        <div class='nav_sv_fo_v_clear'></div>      <# } #>      <div class='<#=row.elementClass #>'>        <a href='<#=row.url #>' class='nav_sv_fo_v_lmargin nav_a'>          <#=row.text #>        </a>      </div>    <# } #>  <# }); #><# } else if (obj) { #>  <div class='nav_sv_fo_scheduled'>    <#= obj #>  </div><# } #>","wishlist":"<# jQuery.each(wishlist, function (i, item) { #>  <li class='nav_pop_li'>    <a href='<#=item.url #>' class='nav_a'>      <#=item.name #>    </a>    <div class='nav_tag'>      <!-- TODO this logic should now be in dynamic-wish-list.mi -->      <# if(typeof item.count !='undefined') { #>        <#=          (item.count == 1 ? '{count} item' : '{count} items')            .replace('{count}', item.count)        #>      <# } #>    </div>  </li><# }); #>","cart":"<# jQuery.each(items, function (i, item) { #>  <div class='nav-cart-item'>    <a href='<#=item.url #>' class='nav-cart-item-link'>      <img src='<#=item.img #>' class='nav-cart-item-image' />      <span class='nav-cart-item-title'><#=item.name #></span>      <# if (item.weight) { #>        <span class='nav-cart-item-weight' style='display:none;'>          <#= 'Ship weight: {value} {unit}'.replace('{value}', item.weight.value).replace('{unit}', item.weight.unit) #>        </span>      <# } #>      <# if (item.ourPrice) { #>        <span class='nav-cart-item-buyingPrice'><#=item.ourPrice #></span>      <# } #>      <# if (item.scarcityMessage) { #>        <span class='<#=item.scarcityClass #>'><#=item.scarcityMessage #></span>      <# } #>      <span class='nav-cart-item-quantity'>        <#= 'Quantity: {count}'.replace('{count}', item.qty) #>      </span>    </a>  </div>  <# if (i%2==1) { #>    <div class='nav-cart-item-break'></div>  <# } #><# }); #><div class='nav-cart-item-break'></div>"}}); });
</script>
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这里写图片描述

  • 所以，我们发现参数就藏在网页源代码中的某个script标签中，某个项的node值……

3.3. 从源代码的script标签中提取数据

getScriptRes = response.xpath("//script/text()").extract()
if len(getScriptRes) > 0:
    # print(f"text = {response.text}")
    # print(f"getScriptRes = {getScriptRes}")
    searchClassDict = {}
    for scriptElem in getScriptRes:
        if scriptElem.find("shopAllContent") != -1:
            contentLst = re.findall('"text":"([a-zA-Z,&\s]+)","url":"[a-zA-Z\/\-=_]+\?ie=UTF8&node=(\d+)"}', scriptElem, re.M)
            for content in contentLst:
                print(f"content = {content}")
                searchClassDict[content[0]] = content[1]
            break
##### 输出结果
'''
content = ('TV & Video', '1266092011')
content = ('Home Audio & Theater', '667846011')
content = ('Camera, Photo & Video', '502394')
content = ('Cell Phones & Accessories', '2335752011')
content = ('Headphones', '172541')
content = ('Video Games', '468642')
content = ('Bluetooth & Wireless Speakers', '322215011')
content = ('Car Electronics', '1077068')
content = ('Musical Instruments', '11091801')
content = ('Wearable Technology', '9013937011')
content = ('Electronics Showcase', '172282')
content = ('Computers & Tablets', '13896617011')
content = ('Monitors', '1292115011')
content = ('Accessories', '172456')

'''
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3.4. 利用参数构造请求

if searchClass != 'All':
    # https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dmobile&field-keywords=phone+mount&rh=n%3A2335752011%2Ck%3Aphone+mount
    searchUrl = f'https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dmobile&field-keywords={quote(key)}&rh=n%3A{searchClassDict[searchClass]}%2Ck%3A{quote(key)}'
else:
    # https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=phone+mount
    searchUrl = f'https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords={quote(key)}'
    # print(f"###### searchUrl = {searchUrl}")
    yield Request(
        url = searchUrl,
        meta = {'searchSrc': searchSrcElem, 'dont_redirect': True},
        callback = self.parseSearchResPage,
        errback = self.error
    )
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4. url中携带中文参数

  • 以1688搜索关键字为例：
    这里写图片描述
# 目标是构造请求：https://s.1688.com/selloffer/offer_search.htm?keywords=%B6%AF%C2%FE%D6%DC%B1%DF&n=y&spm=a260k.635.3262836.d102

# scrapy下
unicornHeaders = {
    ':authority': 's.1688.com',
    'Referer': 'https://www.1688.com/',
}

# python3 所有的字符串都是unicode，而url要求bytes类型
# 动漫周边 tobyte为：%B6%AF%C2%FE%D6%DC%B1%DF

# 1688上是： formatStr = b'\xb6\xaf\xc2\xfe\xd6\xdc\xb1\xdf'
formatStr = "动漫周边".encode('gbk')
# 或者是使用utf-8进行编码，视网站的具体情况而定。 taobao用的就是utf-8
# formatStr = "动漫周边".encode('utf-8')

print(f"formatStr = {formatStr}")
yield FormRequest(
    url = 'https://s.1688.com/selloffer/offer_search.htm',
    headers = unicornHeaders,
    # formdata中的参数必须是字符串或者bytes，不能是整数之类的
    formdata = {'keywords': formatStr, 'n': 'y', 'spm': 'a260k.635.1998096057.d1'},
    method = 'GET',
    meta={},
    callback = self.parseCategoryPage,
    errback = self.error,  # 本项目中这里触发errback占绝大多数
    dont_filter = True,  # 不允许跳转
)


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