GPG生成密钥对（Windows）及应用_windows 生成gpg key

作者：秋刀鱼在做梦 | 2024-07-01 09:47:17

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windows 生成gpg key

安装Gpg4win，下载链接：https://download.csdn.net/download/zyhlwzy/11099228

1、生成密钥对

C:\WINDOWS\system32>gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.30; Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Please select what kind of key you want:
   (1) RSA and RSA (default)
   (2) DSA and Elgamal
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection? 1  #选择密钥类型（这里我们选择加密算法是RSA、数字签名算法也是RSA）
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048) 2048 #设置密钥的比特数
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 0  #设置密钥有效期（永不过期）
Key does not expire at all
Is this correct? (y/N) y  #确认有效性

GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.

Real name: Ron   #输入姓名
Name must be at least 5 characters long  #姓名至少为5个字符
Real name: ron.zheng   #输入姓名
Email address: ron.zheng@tfschange.com  #输入邮箱地址
Comment: tfs #输入备注
You selected this USER-ID:
    "ron.zheng (tfs) <ron.zheng@tfschange.com>"

Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o  #选择OK
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.  #弹出口令输入界面

We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
gpg: key 0452FE75 marked as ultimately trusted
public and secret key created and signed.

gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0  valid:   2  signed:   0  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 2u
pub   2048R/0452FE75 2019-03-28
      Key fingerprint = 65B4 846F 7E63 A32B 34E3  A9FB C99D B8B9 0452 FE75
uid       [ultimate] ron.zheng (tfs) <ron.zheng@tfschange.com>
sub   2048R/488F27D2 2019-03-28
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2、查看刚才生成的公钥

C:\WINDOWS\system32>gpg --export --armor 488F27D2
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v2
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=GFn+
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
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3、列出密钥

C:\WINDOWS\system32>gpg --list-keys
#显示公钥文件名
C:/Users/user/AppData/Roaming/gnupg/pubring.gpg
-----------------------------------------------

#显示公钥特征
pub   2048R/0452FE75 2019-03-28
#显示用户ID
uid       [ultimate] ron.zheng (tfs) <ron.zheng@tfschange.com>
#显示私钥特征
sub   2048R/488F27D2 2019-03-28
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4、将公钥导入到文件

公钥文件（.gnupg/pubring.gpg）以二进制形式储存，armor 参数可以将其转换为 ASCII 码显示。

gpg --armor --output "输出文件名" --export "用户ID"

gpg --armor --output C:/data/cert/test-public-key.asc --export  ron.zheng
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在这里插入图片描述

打开查看公钥内容如下：

5、导出私钥

export-secret-keys 参数可以导出私钥。

gpg --armor --output C:/data/cert/tfs-private-key.asc --export-secret-keys
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在这里插入图片描述

打开可看到私钥信息如下：

6、删除密钥，在命令行输入如下命令

必须先删除私钥，然后才能删除公钥。

在命令行输入如下命令：

gpg --delete-secret-keys 标识名
gpg --delete-keys 标识名
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7、PGP加解密帮助类（Java）

/**
* <p>Title: PGPUtils</p>  
* <p>Description: PGP加解密帮助类</p>  
* @author Ron  
* @date 2019年3月4日
 */
public class PGPUtils {
	/**
	 * 添加提供者
	 */
	static{
		Security.addProvider(new CryptixCrypto());
	    Security.addProvider(new CryptixOpenPGP() );
	}

	/**
	 * 构建 LiteralMessage 对象
	 * @param message		
	 * @return
	 * @throws MessageException
	 */
	private static LiteralMessage buildLiteralMessage(byte[] message) throws MessageException{
		LiteralMessageBuilder lmb = null;

		try {
			lmb = LiteralMessageBuilder.getInstance("OpenPGP");
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		lmb.init(message);
		LiteralMessage literal = (LiteralMessage)lmb.build();
		return literal;
	}

	/**
	 * 使用多个公钥对明文加密
	 * @param plain			明文
	 * @param recipientKeys	公钥集合
	 * @return				加密后的明文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 */
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] plain,List<KeyBundle> recipientKeys) throws MessageException{
		LiteralMessage literal = buildLiteralMessage(plain);

		EncryptedMessageBuilder emb = null;
		try {
			emb = EncryptedMessageBuilder.getInstance("OpenPGP");
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		emb.init(literal);

		//添加接受者
		for(KeyBundle key : recipientKeys){
			emb.addRecipient(key);
		}
		//压缩
		emb.setAttribute("compressed", "true");
		//得到加密信息
		Message msg = emb.build();
		PGPArmouredMessage pgpMsg = new PGPArmouredMessage(msg);
		return pgpMsg.getEncoded();
	}

	/**
	 * 使用单张公钥加密
	 * @param plain		明文	
	 * @param publicKey	公钥
	 * @return	返回加密后的密文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 */
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] plain,KeyBundle publicKey) throws MessageException{
		List<KeyBundle> list = new ArrayList<KeyBundle>();
		list.add(publicKey);
		return encrypt(plain, list);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用单张公钥加密
	 * @param plain		明文	
	 * @param publicKey	公钥路径
	 * @return	返回加密后的密文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 */
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] plain,String publicKeyPath) throws MessageException, IOException{
		InputStream priInputStream  = new FileInputStream(new File(publicKeyPath));
		KeyBundle publicKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(priInputStream);
		return PGPUtils.encrypt(plain, publicKeyBundle);
	}

	/**
	 * 使用私钥和密码对明文签名
	 * @param plain			明文
	 * @param privateKey	私钥
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @return				签名后的明文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 */
	public static byte[] sign(byte[] plain,KeyBundle privateKey,String keypass)throws MessageException,UnrecoverableKeyException{
        SignedMessageBuilder smb = null;
		try {
			smb = SignedMessageBuilder.getInstance("OpenPGP");
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
        LiteralMessage literal = buildLiteralMessage(plain);
        smb.init(literal);
        smb.addSigner(privateKey, keypass.toCharArray());

        Message msg = smb.build();
        PGPArmouredMessage armoured = new PGPArmouredMessage(msg);
		return armoured.getEncoded();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用私钥和密码对明文签名
	 * @param plain			明文
	 * @param privateKey	私钥路径
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @return				签名后的明文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 */
	public static byte[] sign(byte[] plain,String privateKeyPath,String keypass)throws MessageException,UnrecoverableKeyException, IOException{
		InputStream priInputStream  = new FileInputStream(new File(privateKeyPath));
		KeyBundle privateKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(priInputStream);
		return PGPUtils.sign(plain, privateKeyBundle, keypass);
	}

	/**
	 * 使用私钥和密码解密加密后的数据
	 * @param encrypted		PGP加密过的数据
	 * @param privateKey	私钥
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @return				解密后的明文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 * @throws NotEncryptedToParameterException
	 */
	public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] encrypted,KeyBundle privateKey,String keypass) throws MessageException, IOException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NotEncryptedToParameterException{

		MessageFactory mf = null;
		try {
			mf = MessageFactory.getInstance("OpenPGP");
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		Collection msgs = mf.generateMessages(new ByteArrayInputStream(encrypted));

		//得到集合中的EncryptedMessage对象
		Message message = (Message)msgs.iterator().next();

		if (!(message instanceof EncryptedMessage)) {
            throw new MessageException("Not a encrypted message.");
        }

		EncryptedMessage em = (EncryptedMessage)message;
		Message msg = em.decrypt(privateKey,keypass.toCharArray());
		return ((LiteralMessage)msg).getBinaryData();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用私钥和密码解密加密后的数据
	 * @param encrypted		PGP加密过的数据
	 * @param privateKey	私钥路径
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @return				解密后的明文
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 * @throws NotEncryptedToParameterException
	 */
	public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] encrypted,String privateKeyPath,String keypass) throws MessageException, IOException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NotEncryptedToParameterException{
		InputStream priInputStream  = new FileInputStream(new File(privateKeyPath));
		KeyBundle privateKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(priInputStream);
		return PGPUtils.decrypt(encrypted,privateKeyBundle,keypass);
	}

	/**
	 * 解密验签
	 * @param encrypted		密文	
	 * @param privateKey	私钥
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @param publicKey		公钥
	 * @return				返回明文
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException
	 * @throws NotEncryptedToParameterException
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptVerify(byte[] encrypted,KeyBundle privateKey,String keypass,KeyBundle publicKey) throws UnrecoverableKeyException, MessageException, IOException, NotEncryptedToParameterException{
		return PGPUtils.verify(PGPUtils.decrypt(encrypted, privateKey, keypass), publicKey);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 解密验签
	 * @param encrypted		密文	
	 * @param privateKey	私钥路径
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @param publicKey		公钥路径
	 * @return				返回明文
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException
	 * @throws NotEncryptedToParameterException
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptVerify(byte[] encrypted,String privateKeyPath,String keypass,String publicKeyPath) throws UnrecoverableKeyException, MessageException, IOException, NotEncryptedToParameterException{
		InputStream priInputStream  = new FileInputStream(new File(privateKeyPath));
		KeyBundle privateKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(priInputStream);
		
		InputStream pubInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(publicKeyPath));
		KeyBundle pubKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(pubInputStream);
		
		return PGPUtils.decryptVerify(encrypted,privateKeyBundle,keypass,pubKeyBundle);
	}

	/**
	 * 验证Message
	 * @param signed	验证的内容
	 * @param publickey	公钥
	 * @return			返回验证后的内容
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static byte[] verify(byte[] signed,KeyBundle publickey) throws MessageException, IOException{

		MessageFactory mf = null;
		try {
			mf = MessageFactory.getInstance("OpenPGP");
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

        Message msg = (Message)mf.generateMessages(new ByteArrayInputStream(signed)).iterator().next();
        if (!(msg instanceof SignedMessage)) {
            throw new MessageException(" Not a signed message.");
        }

        SignedMessage sm = (SignedMessage)msg;
        if (sm.verify(publickey)) {

        } else {
        	throw new MessageException(" Signature verify fail. ");
        }

        if (!(sm.getContents() instanceof LiteralMessage)){
        	throw new MessageException(" Not a signed message.");
        }

        LiteralMessage lm = (LiteralMessage)sm.getContents();
		return lm.getBinaryData();
	}

	/**
	 * 流转换为PGP KeuBundle 对象
	 * @param inputStream 	Key
	 * @return	转换后的 KeuBundle
	 * @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public static KeyBundle streamToKeyBundle(InputStream inputStream) throws MessageException, IOException {
		MessageFactory messageFactory = null;
		try {
			messageFactory = MessageFactory.getInstance("OpenPGP");
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		Collection msgs = messageFactory.generateMessages(inputStream);
		KeyBundleMessage keybm = (KeyBundleMessage)msgs.iterator().next();

		return keybm.getKeyBundle();

	}

	/**
	 * 签名加密
	 * @param plain			明文	
	 * @param privateKey	私钥	
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @param recipientKeys	公钥
	 * @return				返回签名加密后的数据
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 * @throws MessageException
	 */
	public static byte [] signAndEncrypt(byte[] plain,KeyBundle privateKey,String keypass,List<KeyBundle> recipientKeys) throws UnrecoverableKeyException, MessageException{
		return PGPUtils.encrypt(PGPUtils.sign(plain, privateKey, keypass),recipientKeys);
	}

	/**
	 * 签名加密
	 * @param plain			明文	
	 * @param privateKey	私钥	
	 * @param keypass		私钥密码
	 * @param recipientKeys	公钥
	 * @return				返回签名加密后的数据
	 * @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	 * @throws MessageException
	 */
	public static byte [] signAndEncrypt(byte[] plain,KeyBundle privateKey,String keypass,KeyBundle publicKey) throws UnrecoverableKeyException, MessageException{
		return PGPUtils.encrypt(PGPUtils.sign(plain, privateKey, keypass),publicKey);
	}
	
	/**
	* @author Ron
	* <p>Title: signAndEncrypt</p>  
	* <p>Description: </p>  
	* @param plain                 明文
	* @param privateKeyPath        私钥路径
	* @param keypass               私钥密码
	* @param publicKeyPath         公钥
	* @return                      返回签名加密后的数据
	* @throws UnrecoverableKeyException
	* @throws MessageException
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public static byte [] signAndEncrypt(byte[] plain,String privateKeyPath,String keypass,String publicKeyPath) throws UnrecoverableKeyException, MessageException, IOException{
		InputStream priInputStream  = new FileInputStream(new File(privateKeyPath));
		KeyBundle privateKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(priInputStream);
		
		InputStream pubInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(publicKeyPath));
		KeyBundle pubKeyBundle = PGPUtils.streamToKeyBundle(pubInputStream);
		
		return PGPUtils.signAndEncrypt(plain,privateKeyBundle,keypass,pubKeyBundle);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws MessageException, IOException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NotEncryptedToParameterException {
		String data = "{\"platId\": \"***\",\"authorizeCode\": \"EPORT0000102\",\"msgType\": \"VLD001\",\"format\": \"json\",\"signature\": \"signature\",\"userName\": \"test\",\"password\": \"***\",\"data\": {\"entryId\": \"E20170000003131789\",\"ownerCode\": \"**********\",\"ownerName\": \"广东鱼珠木材电子商务有限公司\",\"cnsnTradeCode\": \"********\",\"consignorCname\": \"广东广物木材产业股份有限公司\",\"consignorEname\": \"En*******************\",\"agentCode\": \"**********\",\"agentName\": \"广东省电子口岸管理有限公司\",\"ciqDespCtryCode\": \"NZL\",\"ciqDespCtryCodeName\": \"新西兰\",\"despPortCode\": \"991201\",\"despPortCodeName\": \"天津出口加工区\",\"cusTradeNationCode\": \"AFG\",\"cusTradeNationCodeName\": \"阿富汗\",\"districtCode\": \"11013\",\"districtCodeName\": \"中关村国家自主创新示范区（东城园）\",\"packNo\": \"100\",\"grossWt\": \"100\",\"netWt\": \"100\",\"supvModeCdde\": \"1039\",\"supvModeCddeName\": \"市场采购\",\"decMergeListVo\": [{\"gNo\": \"1\",\"contrItem\": \"1\",\"codeTs\": \"1001110001\",\"gName\": \"种用硬粒小麦\",\"gModel\": \"0|2|冰袋|100%涤纶|无牌 款号:AC04S1238\", \"declTotal\": \"60\",\"tradeCurr\": \"美元\",\"gQty\":\"10\"},{\"gNo\": \"1\",\"contrItem\": \"1\",\"codeTs\": \"1001110001\",\"gName\": \"种用硬粒小麦\",\"gModel\": \"0|2|冰袋|100%涤纶|无牌 款号:AC04S1238\", \"declTotal\": \"60\",\"tradeCurr\": \"美元\",\"gQty\":\"10\"}]}}";
		
		String privateKey = "D:/Work/WorkSpace/trunk_remote_dev/tfs-china-eport-api/src/main/resources/cert/test-private-key.txt";
		String keypass = "tfs12345678";
		String publicKey = "D:/Work/WorkSpace/trunk_remote_dev/tfs-china-eport-api/src/main/resources/cert/test-public-key.txt";
		
		byte[] dataEn = PGPUtils.signAndEncrypt(data.getBytes(),privateKey,keypass,publicKey);
		String dateByEn = new String(dataEn);
		System.out.println(dateByEn);
		byte[] dataDe = PGPUtils.decryptVerify(dataEn, privateKey,keypass,publicKey);
		String dateByDe = new String(dataDe);
		System.out.println(dateByDe);
		
		System.out.println("--------------------------------------分割线--------------------------------------");
		dataEn = PGPUtils.encrypt(data.getBytes(), publicKey);
		dateByEn = new String(dataEn);
		System.out.println(dateByEn);
		dataDe = PGPUtils.decrypt(dataEn, privateKey, keypass);
		dateByDe = new String(dataDe);
		System.out.println(dateByDe);
	}
}
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测试：

public class PGPTest {
	@Test
	public void testPGP() throws MessageException, IOException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NotEncryptedToParameterException{
		String orgData = "Ron:广州天孚世佳信息科技有限公司";
		
		byte[] data = PGPUtils.encrypt(orgData.getBytes(), "公钥文件地址");
		
		String jsonData = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(data)); 
		
		//解密
		
		byte[] baseBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(jsonData.getBytes());
		
		//解密
		byte[] jsonByte = PGPUtils.decrypt(baseBytes,"私钥文件地址","私钥密钥");
		
		String plainData = new String(jsonByte);
		System.out.println(plainData);
	}
}
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