大一下贪吃蛇课程设计

此次课设用到的数据结构是双向链表，算法堆排序，eaxyX图形库，文件操作，鼠标操作。

具体操作步骤代码中有解释，图片信息和文件信息自己可以稍微改进，对窗口设置按钮可用eaxyX图形库实现，我则采用图片了，读者可根据设置按钮来加长代码长度，但贪吃蛇核心功能并不是设置按钮，所以采用图片了。进阶的话可以加入登录和注册操作，模式可以增多一点，如设置地图信息，加入障碍物，这样就可以用到其他的数据结构了。

#include<graphics.h>//加载easyX图形库信息
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<mmsystem.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")//加载多媒体接口库文件（固定格式）
#define WIDTH 960//窗口宽度
#define HEIGHT 640//窗口高度
enum DIR//枚举方向
{
	UP,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};
 
enum Menu
{
	Start,//开始按钮
	Help, //帮助按钮
	Home,  //主目录
	Rank,//排行榜
	End,//结束
	Again//继续玩
};
 
typedef struct Pos//坐标
{
	int x;
	int y;
}Pos;
 
typedef struct SnakeBody//蛇的节点信息
{
	Pos Destination;//指针域
	struct SnakeBody* next;
	struct SnakeBody* prior;
}SnakeBody, SnakeHead;
 
typedef struct Snake//蛇的属性(6)
{
	SnakeBody* body;
	int len;//蛇长
	int speed;//蛇速度
	int size;//蛇节数大小
	int dir;//蛇方向
	int score;//蛇得分
}Snake;
 
enum Menu menustate = Home;//设定初始界面为Home,主页面
Snake snake;//建立蛇
Pos food;//建立食物
//读入排行榜信息
void WriteRank(int score)//编写排行榜信息
{
	FILE* file;
	fopen_s(&file, "SnakeScore.txt", "a");//选择增添数据
	if (file != NULL)
	{
		fprintf_s(file, "\n%d", score);//将得分加入到文件中
	}
	fclose(file);
}
//判断鼠标是否在按钮上
bool isInrect(ExMessage* msg, int x, int y, int w, int h)//x,y坐标,w,h为相应的宽度和高度
{
	if (msg->x >= x && msg->x <= x + w && msg->y >= y && msg->y <= y + h)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
//开始状态
void homeScene(ExMessage* msg)
{
	IMAGE background;
	loadimage(&background, "Snake4.jpg", WIDTH, HEIGHT);//加载图片2，菜单图片
	putimage(0, 0, &background);//输出图片
	while (peekmessage(msg, EM_MOUSE))
	{
		if (msg->message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN)//左键按下
		{
			//点击帮助按钮
			if (menustate == Home)//条件判断，必须在主菜单时才能进行选择
			{
				if (isInrect(msg, 440, 420, 80, 100))
				{
					menustate = Start;//开始
				}
				if (isInrect(msg, 10, 10, 50, 65))
				{
					menustate = Help;//看帮助信息
				}
				if (isInrect(msg, 390, 560, 190, 56))
				{
					menustate = Rank;//看排行榜信息
				}
			}
		}
	}
 
}
//游戏音乐
void playMusic()
{	
	mciSendString("open ./音乐.mp3", NULL, NULL, NULL);//打开音乐
	mciSendString("play ./音乐.mp3 repeat", NULL, NULL, NULL);//播放音乐
}
//主页面音乐
void HomeMusic()
{
	mciSendString("open ./音乐2.mp3", NULL, NULL, NULL);
	mciSendString("play ./音乐2.mp3 repeat", NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
//食物的随机生成
void creatFood()
{
	//设置随机数种子
	srand(time(NULL) + clock());
	cout << rand() << endl;
	food.x = rand() % (WIDTH / 10) * 10;
	food.y = rand() % (HEIGHT / 10) * 10;
}
//蛇吃食物
void  eatFood()
{
	SnakeBody* temp = snake.body;
	if (snake.body->Destination.x == food.x && snake.body->Destination.y == food.y)//蛇吃到食物
	{
		while (temp->next != NULL)
		{
			temp = temp->next;
		}
		SnakeBody* newbody = new SnakeBody;//增加一个蛇身节点
		newbody->next = temp->next;//从末尾插入节点
		temp->next = newbody;
		newbody->prior = temp;
		snake.len++;//蛇的长度加一
		snake.score += 10;//得分加十分
		creatFood();//吃了食物后再次生成食物
	}
	snake.speed = 50;//蛇的速度不变
}
//蛇的初始化
void gameInit()
{
	snake.size = 10;//蛇节长度
	snake.speed = 200;//蛇的速度
	snake.len = 3;//蛇初始化3节
	snake.dir = RIGHT;//蛇默认方向为右
	snake.score = 0;//得分为0
	snake.body = new SnakeHead;//建立蛇头
	snake.body->Destination = { 50,10 };//默认蛇头的位置
	SnakeBody* body1 = new SnakeBody;//蛇身1
	SnakeBody* body2 = new SnakeBody;//蛇身2
	body1->Destination = { 40,10 };
	body2->Destination = { 30,10 };
	snake.body->next = body1;
	body1->next = body2;
	body2->next = NULL;
	body1->prior = snake.body;
	body2->prior = body1;
	creatFood();//随机生成食物
}
//界面绘制
void gameDraw()
{	
	cleardevice();//清空屏幕
	setbkcolor(WHITE);//背景图片
	SnakeBody* temp = snake.body;
	while (temp)//画蛇
	{
		setlinecolor(BLUE);
		setfillcolor(RED);
		fillrectangle(temp->Destination.x, temp->Destination.y, temp->Destination.x + snake.size, temp->Destination.y + snake.size);
		temp = temp->next;
	}
	setfillcolor(BLUE);//食物颜色
	solidrectangle(food.x, food.y, food.x + snake.size, food.y + snake.size);//绘制食物
	char str[20] ;//绘制分数和蛇的当前节数
	char str1[20] ;
	sprintf_s(str1, "当前节数:%d", snake.len);
	sprintf_s(str, "分数:%d", snake.score);
	settextcolor(RED);
	setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);//将文字背景设为透明
	outtextxy(875, 30, str1);
	outtextxy(907, 10, str);
}
//蛇的移动
void keyModify()
{
	//获取键盘按键 
	//_getch()  阻塞函数 conio.h 这个头文件不是c语言的标准文件，VS可以
	//_kbhit() 判断当前是否有按键产生，如果有返回1 否则0
	if (_kbhit())
	{
		char key = _getch();//获取按键信息
		cout << key << endl;
		if (key == 32)
		{
			snake.speed = 0;//按下空格加速
		}
		if (key == 27)
		{
			system("pause");//按下ESc暂停,按任意键结束暂停
		}
		cout << snake.speed;
		switch (key)
		{
		case 119:
		case 72://上
			if (snake.dir != DOWN)
				snake.dir = UP;
			break;
		case 80://下
		case 115:
			if (snake.dir != UP)
				snake.dir = DOWN;
			break;
		case 75://左
		case 97:
			if (snake.dir != RIGHT)
				snake.dir = LEFT;
			break;
		case 77://右
		case 100:
			if (snake.dir != LEFT)
				snake.dir = RIGHT;
			break;
		}
	}
}
void snakeMove()
{
	keyModify();
	SnakeBody* temp = snake.body;
	while (temp->next != NULL)temp = temp->next;//先找到尾部节点
	while (temp != snake.body)//从尾到头依次复制前一个节点信息，实现蛇移动
	{
		temp->Destination.x = temp->prior->Destination.x;
		temp->Destination.y = temp->prior->Destination.y;
		temp = temp->prior;
	}
	switch (snake.dir)
	{
	case UP:
		snake.body->Destination.y -= 10;
		break;
	case DOWN:
		snake.body->Destination.y += 10;
		break;
	case LEFT:
		snake.body->Destination.x -= 10;
		break;
	case RIGHT:
		snake.body->Destination.x += 10;
		break;
	}
}
//对蛇死亡后选择
void dieDelection(ExMessage* msg)
{
	IMAGE img;
	loadimage(&img, "SnakeDie.jpg", WIDTH, HEIGHT);
	putimage(0, 0, &img);
	while (menustate != Home && menustate != End && menustate != Again)
	{
		while (peekmessage(msg, EM_MOUSE))
		{
			if (msg->message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN)//如果左键按下
			{
				if (isInrect(msg, WIDTH - 270, 27, 40, 50))//点击关闭按钮时
				{
					menustate = Home;//回到主菜单
					WriteRank(snake.score);//写入排行榜
					mciSendString("close ./音乐.mp3", NULL, NULL, NULL);
					break;
				}
				if (isInrect(msg, WIDTH - 410, HEIGHT - 135, 120, 65))//点击结束按钮时
				{
					WriteRank(snake.score);//写入排行榜
					menustate = End;
					break;
				}
				if (isInrect(msg, 270, HEIGHT - 135, 150, 65))//点击继续按钮时
				{
					WriteRank(snake.score);//写入排行榜
					menustate = Again;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (menustate == Again)
	{
		playMusic();//播放游戏时音乐
		gameInit();//蛇初始化(3个节点)
		BeginBatchDraw();//防止闪屏
		menustate = Start;
	}
}
//蛇的死亡判定
void snakeDie(ExMessage *msg)
{
	if (snake.body->Destination.x <= 0 || snake.body->Destination.x >= WIDTH || snake.body->Destination.y <= 0 || snake.body->Destination.y >= HEIGHT)
	{
		dieDelection(msg);//调用对蛇死亡后的选择函数
	}
	SnakeBody* temp = snake.body->next;
	while (temp != NULL)
	{
		if (temp->Destination.x == snake.body->Destination.x && temp->Destination.y == snake.body->Destination.y)
		{
			dieDelection(msg);//调用对蛇死亡后的选择函数
		}
		temp = temp->next;
	}
}
//帮助界面弹窗
void helpScene(ExMessage *msg)
{
	IMAGE help;
	loadimage(&help, "SnakeHelp1.jpg", WIDTH, HEIGHT);//加载图片
	putimage(0, 0, &help);
	while(menustate==Help)
	{
		while (peekmessage(msg, EM_MOUSE))
		{
			if (msg->message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN)
			{
				if (isInrect(msg, WIDTH-270, 27, 40, 50))
				{
					menustate = Home;//返回主菜单
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
//堆排序算法
void exchange(int* a, int* b)
{
	int temp = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b =temp;
}
void buildHeap(int* arr, int low, int high)
{
	int dad = low;
	int son = low * 2 + 1;
	while (son <= high)
	{
		if (arr[son] > arr[son + 1] && son + 1 <= high)
		{
			son++;
		}
		if (arr[dad] < arr[son])
		{
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			exchange(&arr[dad], &arr[son]);
			dad = son;
			son = dad * 2 + 1;
		}
	}
}
void heapSort(int *arr,int length)
{
	for (int i = length / 2 - 1; i<length; i++)
	{
		buildHeap(arr, i, length-1);
	}
	for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		exchange(&arr[0],& arr[i]);
		buildHeap(arr, 0, i-1);
	}
}
//排行榜信息显示
void rankMessage(ExMessage *msg)
{
	IMAGE img;
	FILE* file;
	int count = 0,mount=0;
	fopen_s(&file, "SnakeScore.txt", "r");
	loadimage(&img, "SnakeRank.jpg", 300, HEIGHT);
	putimage(WIDTH / 4 + 420, 0, &img);
	char player[22][20];
	int Data[10000];
	int play[22];
	while (fscanf_s(file, "%d", &Data[mount], 1) != EOF)
	{
		mount++;
	}
	heapSort(Data, mount);
	while (count < mount && count < 10)
	{
		play[count] = Data[count];
		count++;
	}
	
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
		sprintf_s(player[i], "%d", play[i]);
	}
	fclose(file);
	while (menustate==Rank)
	{
		setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
		settextcolor(GREEN);
		char arr1[50] = "榜单只显示前10名";
		outtextxy(WIDTH - 210, 85, arr1);
		char arr3[25] = "NO.";//玩家排名
		char arr4[25][20] ;//玩家得分
		char name2[10] = "排名";
		char name3[10] = "得分";
		outtextxy(WIDTH - 300, 110, name2);//排名打印
		outtextxy(WIDTH - 80, 110, name3);//得分打印
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		{
			sprintf_s(arr4[i],"NO.%d",i+1);
			outtextxy(WIDTH -300,135+i*35,arr4[i]);//玩家排名打印
			outtextxy(WIDTH - 80, 135 + i * 35,player[i]);//玩家分数显示
		}
		while (peekmessage(msg, EM_MOUSE))
		{
			if (msg->message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN)
			{
				if (isInrect(msg, WIDTH - 49, 0, 49, 60))
				{
					menustate = Home;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
//游戏主干代码
void playGame()
{
	initgraph(WIDTH, HEIGHT, SHOWCONSOLE);//如果想显示操作台则加SHOWCONSOLE
	//鼠标消息
	ExMessage msg;
	while (menustate != End)
	{
		switch (menustate)
		{
		case Home:
			while (menustate == Home)//主菜单
			{
				HomeMusic();//播放主菜单音乐
				homeScene(&msg);//主菜单样貌
				if (menustate == Help)
				{
					helpScene(&msg);//帮助窗口
				}
				if (menustate == Rank)
				{
					rankMessage(&msg);//排行榜窗口
				}
			}
			break;
		case Start:
			mciSendString("close ./音乐2.mp3", NULL, NULL, NULL);//当点击开始按钮时，关闭菜单音乐
			playMusic();//播放游戏时音乐
			gameInit();//蛇初始化(3个节点)
			BeginBatchDraw();//防止闪屏
			while (menustate == Start)
			{
				eatFood();//蛇吃食物
				gameDraw();//绘画蛇身等游戏界面的信息
				FlushBatchDraw();//一定要放在绘图下面
				snakeDie(&msg);//判断蛇是否死亡函数
				snakeMove();//蛇移动控制
				Sleep(snake.speed);//速度控制
				EndBatchDraw();//终止绘画工具
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	closegraph();//关闭窗口
}
int main()
{
	playGame();
	return 0;
}