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代码示例:
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException{ FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(() -> { System.out.println("-----come in FutureTask"); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(100); }); Thread t1 = new Thread(futureTask,"t1"); t1.start(); //3秒钟后才出来结果,还没有计算你提前来拿(只要一调用get方法,对于结果就是不见不散,会导致阻塞) //System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+futureTask.get()); //3秒钟后才出来结果,我只想等待1秒钟,过时不候 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+futureTask.get(1L,TimeUnit.SECONDS)); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+" run... here"); }
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(() -> { System.out.println("-----come in FutureTask"); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return ""+ ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(100); }); new Thread(futureTask,"t1").start(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"线程完成任务"); /** * 用于阻塞式获取结果,如果想要异步获取结果,通常都会以轮询的方式去获取结果 */ while (true){ if(futureTask.isDone()){ System.out.println(futureTask.get()); break; } } }
CompletableFuture实现了Future,CompletionStage两个接口,故CompletableFuture功能更加强大
CompletableFuture
CompletionStage
CompletionStage 接口中的方法比较多,CompletableFuture 的函数式能力就是这个接口赋予的。从这个接口的方法参数你就可以发现其大量使用了 Java8 引入的函数式编程。
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable)
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable,Executor executor)
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier)
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier,Executor executor)
static ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 5, 10L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3), Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); private static void testSimpleCompletableFuture() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t is coming in ..."); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t task was finished!"); }); // },poolExecutor); // 如果使用了自行创建的线程池,则使用自定义的或者特别指定的线程池执行异步代码 System.out.println(future.get()); // get方法返回null,因为runAsync方法无返回值 }
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 is coming in ...
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 task was finished!
null
同上,将runAsync方法改为supplyAsync方法,并返回一个整数类型的变量
static ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 5, 10L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3), Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); private static void testSupplyAsync() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t is coming in ... supplyAsync"); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t task was finished!"); // return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(100); return Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); }); // },poolExecutor); System.out.println(future.get()); // get方法返回null,因为runAsync方法无返回值 }
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 is coming in ... supplyAsync
ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1 task was finished!
8
private static void testWhenCompleteAndExceptionally() { CompletableFuture<Long> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { //主线程不要立刻结束,否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:暂停3秒钟线程 long result = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(100); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } System.out.println("异步任务计算完成,结果为:" + result); if (result > 5) { int i = 1 / 0; } return result; }).whenComplete((res, err) -> { if (err == null) { System.out.println("异步任务执行正常,其结果为:" + res); } }).exceptionally(e -> { System.out.println("exceptionally,异步任务执行异常:" + e.getCause() + "< --- >" + e.getMessage()); return Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory(); }); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " task was finished! ..."); // 主线程不要立刻结束,否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:暂停3秒钟线程 try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } }
输出结果:
main task was finished! ...
异步任务计算完成,结果为:39
exceptionally,异步任务执行异常:java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero< --- >java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
class Emall { @Getter private String emallName; public Emall(String emallName) { this.emallName = emallName; } // 生成随机数,模拟价格计算 public double computePrice(String productName) { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextDouble() * 2 + productName.charAt(0); } } static List<Emall> list = Arrays.asList( new Emall("jdong"), new Emall("dangdang"), new Emall("taobao"), new Emall("pdd"), new Emall("tmall") ); // 实现基本的功能需求 // List<Emall> --> map --> List<String> public static List<String> getPrice(List<Emall> list, String productName) { return list.stream().map(emall -> String.format(productName + " in %s price is %.2f", emall.getEmallName(), emall.computePrice(productName)) ).collect(Collectors.toList()); }
public static List<String> getPriceByCompletableFuture(List<Emall> list, String productName) {
List<String> collect = list.stream().map(emall -> // 将每个商城对象emall映射成一个CompletableFuture异步任务,即将每个emall放到异步任务的线程中
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() ->
String.format(productName + " in %s price is %.2f",
emall.getEmallName(), emall.computePrice(productName))))
.collect(Collectors.toList())
.stream()
.map(s -> s.join())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
return collect;
}
public static void main(String[] args) { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); List<String> list2 = getPriceByCompletableFuture(list, "mysql"); for (String element : list2) { System.out.println(element); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("异步处理任务 ----costTime: "+(endTime - startTime) +" 毫秒"); long startTime2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); List<String> ansList = getPrice(list, "mysql"); for (String ele : ansList) { System.out.println(ele); } long endTime2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("同步处理任务 ----costTime: "+(endTime2 - startTime2) +" 毫秒"); }
输出结果:
mysql in jdong price is 110.77
mysql in dangdang price is 110.44
mysql in taobao price is 109.06
mysql in pdd price is 109.14
mysql in tmall price is 109.60
异步处理任务 ----costTime: 1220 毫秒
mysql in jdong price is 110.81
mysql in dangdang price is 110.86
mysql in taobao price is 110.08
mysql in pdd price is 109.36
mysql in tmall price is 109.12
同步处理任务 ----costTime: 5050 毫秒
// 不见不散
public T get()
// 过时不候
public T get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 没有计算完成的情况下,给我一个替代结果
// 立即获取结果不阻塞 计算完,返回计算完成后的结果 没算完,返回设定的valueIfAbsent值
public T getNow(T valueIfAbsent)
// 和get方法功能类似,但join方法不需要抛出异常
public T join()
private static void testGetAndGetNow() { CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "111"; }); // try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 注释掉如上的Sleep方法,getNow返回的结果是方法中设置的值"2222" // 不注释如上的sleep方法,getNow方法的结果是future返回的结果值"111" System.out.println(future.getNow("2222")); }
System.out.println(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "abc").thenApply(r -> r + "123").join());
// abc123
public static void main(String[] args) { // 注意: 这里最好不要使用 ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);的方式来创建线程池(见阿里开发手册) ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2), Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() //new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() //new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() //new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() ); // 当一个线程依赖另一个线程时用 thenApply 方法来把这两个线程串行化, CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{ try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } System.out.println("异步任务操作步骤 111"); return 1; },threadPool).thenApply(res ->{ System.out.println("异步任务操作步骤 222"); return res + 2; }).thenApply(res ->{ System.out.println("异步任务操作步骤 333"); // int i = 10 / 0; // 异常情况:哪步出错就停在哪步 return res + 3; }).whenComplete((result,err)->{ if (err == null){ System.out.println("异步任务处理正常,计算结果为:" + result); // result = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 } }).exceptionally(e->{ e.getStackTrace(); System.out.println(e.getMessage()); return 404; }); // 主线程不要立刻结束,否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭,即主线程执行太快,导致异步任务无法执行,可以让主线程Sleep几秒 // 除了sleep的方法,还可以使用线程池来处理,注意,最后一定关闭线程池 threadPool.shutdown(); 否则,程序会一直处于运行状态 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + " --- 主线程先去忙其他任务"); // try { // TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); // } catch (InterruptedException e) { // throw new RuntimeException(e); // } threadPool.shutdown(); }
// 当一个线程依赖另一个线程时用 handle 方法来把这两个线程串行化, // 异常情况:有异常也可以往下一步走,handle会根据异常参数在最后抛出对应的异常 CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { //暂停几秒钟线程 try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("111"); return 1024; }).handle((f,e) -> { // int age = 10/0; System.out.println("222"); return f + 1; }).handle((f,e) -> { System.out.println("333"); return f + 1; }).whenCompleteAsync((res,e) -> { System.out.println("任务处理的结果为: "+res); }).exceptionally(e -> { e.printStackTrace(); return null; }); System.out.println("-----主线程结束, END"); // 主线程不要立刻结束,否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭: try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
return 1;
}).thenApply(num ->{
return num + 2;
}).thenApply(num ->{
return num + 3;
}).thenAccept(num -> System.out.println(num));
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> "the resultA of thenRun").thenRun(()->{
System.out.println("thenRun,B不需要A的结果");
}).join());
System.out.println(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> "任务A和B依次先后执行,B需要A的结果,thenAccept").thenAccept(res -> System.out.println(res + ",任务B无返回值")).join());
System.out.println(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> "任务A和B先后执行,B需要A的结果").thenApply(str -> str + " --> 任务B有返回值").join());
applyToEither方法:任务谁执行快,就用谁(选用执行速度最快的任务 返回的结果作为最后的总结果)
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEither(
CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn)
使用实例:
CompletableFuture<String> planA = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { System.out.println("A coming in..."); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return "planA"; }); CompletableFuture<String> planB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { System.out.println("B coming in..."); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); // TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return "planB"; }); CompletableFuture<String> result = planA.applyToEither(planB, p -> { return p + " is winner!"; // 两个任务planA和planB,谁执行得更快,p就是对应的返回结果 }); // 补充: // join()和get()方法类似,其不同在于使用get方法需要抛出异常 或 进行异常捕获, // join()则不需要抛出异常,也不用进行异常捕获,但出现异常时,会直接抛异常 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" +result.join());
CompletableFuture<Integer> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t --- 开始执行任务1..."); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return 20; }); CompletableFuture<Integer> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t -- 开始执行任务2.."); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return 30; }); CompletableFuture<Integer> result = future1.thenCombine(future2, (x, y) -> { System.out.println("---> 合并两个任务的计算结果"); return x * y; }); System.out.println(result.join()); //System.out.println(result.get()); // get方法需要抛出异常或进行异常捕获
参考资料:尚硅谷2022版JUC并发编程
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