react组件通信方式

1. 父组件向子组件通信

// ParentComponent.js
import React from 'react';
import ChildComponent from './ChildComponent';
 
function ParentComponent() {
  const message = 'Hello from parent!';
 
  return (
    <div>
      <ChildComponent message={message} />
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ParentComponent;
 
// ChildComponent.js
import React from 'react';
 
function ChildComponent(props) {
  return (
    <div>
      <p>{props.message}</p>
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ChildComponent;

2. 子组件向父组件通信

// ParentComponent.js
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import ChildComponent from './ChildComponent';
 
function ParentComponent() {
  const [message, setMessage] = useState('');
 
  const handleMessage = (msg) => {
    setMessage(msg);
  };
 
  return (
    <div>
      <ChildComponent onMessage={handleMessage} />
      <p>Message from child: {message}</p>
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ParentComponent;
 
// ChildComponent.js
import React from 'react';
 
function ChildComponent(props) {
  const sendMessage = () => {
    props.onMessage('Hello from child!');
  };
 
  return (
    <button onClick={sendMessage}>Send Message</button>
  );
}
 
export default ChildComponent;

3. 跨级组件通信

// App.js
import React, { createContext, useContext } from 'react';
import GrandParentComponent from './GrandParentComponent';
 
const MessageContext = createContext();
 
function App() {
  return (
    <MessageContext.Provider value={'Hello from App!'}>
      <GrandParentComponent />
    </MessageContext.Provider>
  );
}
 
export default App;
 
// GrandParentComponent.js
import React from 'react';
import ParentComponent from './ParentComponent';
 
function GrandParentComponent() {
  return (
    <div>
      <ParentComponent />
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default GrandParentComponent;
 
// ParentComponent.js
import React from 'react';
import ChildComponent from './ChildComponent';
import { MessageContext } from '../App';
 
function ParentComponent() {
  const message = useContext(MessageContext);
  return (
    <div>
      <ChildComponent message={message} />
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ParentComponent;
 
// ChildComponent.js
import React from 'react';
 
function ChildComponent(props) {
  return (
    <div>
      <p>{props.message}</p>
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ChildComponent;

4. 使用 Redux 进行全局状态管理

// store.js
import { createStore } from 'redux';
 
const initialState = {
  message: '',
};
 
function rootReducer(state = initialState, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'SET_MESSAGE':
      return { ...state, message: action.payload };
    default:
      return state;
  }
}
 
const store = createStore(rootReducer);
 
export default store;
 
// App.js
import React from 'react';
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import store from './store';
import ComponentA from './ComponentA';
 
function App() {
  return (
    <Provider store={store}>
      <ComponentA />
    </Provider>
  );
}
 
export default App;
 
// ComponentA.js
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import { useSelector, useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
 
function ComponentA() {
  const message = useSelector(state => state.message);
  const dispatch = useDispatch();
 
  useEffect(() => {
    dispatch({ type: 'SET_MESSAGE', payload: 'Hello from ComponentA!' });
  }, []);
 
  return (
    <div>
      <p>{message}</p>
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ComponentA;
 
// ComponentB.js
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import { useSelector, useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
 
function ComponentB() {
  const message = useSelector(state => state.message);
 
  return (
    <div>
      <p>{message}</p>
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ComponentB;

5. 使用 Refs 进行组件间通信

// ParentComponent.js
import React, { useRef } from 'react';
import ChildComponent from './ChildComponent';
 
function ParentComponent() {
  const childRef = useRef(null);
 
  const triggerMethod = () => {
    childRef.current.childMethod();
  };
 
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={triggerMethod}>Trigger Child Method</button>
      <ChildComponent ref={childRef} />
    </div>
  );
}
 
export default ParentComponent;
 
// ChildComponent.js
import React from 'react';
 
class ChildComponent extends React.Component {
  childMethod = () => {
    console.log('Called from ParentComponent');
  };
 
  render() {
    return <div>Child Component</div>;
  }
}
 
export default ChildComponent;

6. 使用 Event Emitters 进行组件间通信

// EventEmitter.js
import Emitter from 'tiny-emitter/instance';
 
const eventEmitter = new Emitter();
 
export default eventEmitter;
 
// ComponentC.js
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import eventEmitter from './EventEmitter';
 
function ComponentC() {
  useEffect(() => {
    const handleEvent = (data) => {
      console.log('Received data:', data);
    };
 
    eventEmitter.on('my-event', handleEvent);
 
    return () => {
      eventEmitter.off('my-event', handleEvent);
    };
  }, []);
 
  return <div>Component C</div>;
}
 
export default ComponentC;
 
// ComponentD.js
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import eventEmitter from './EventEmitter';
 
function ComponentD() {
  useEffect(() => {
    eventEmitter.emit('my-event', 'Hello from ComponentD!');
  }, []);
 
  return <div>Component D</div>;
}
 
export default ComponentD;