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from 人类身份验证 - SegmentFault
VirtualBox中安装了CentOS 7,给同事用来做kafka和zookeeper测试服务器。昨晚kafka意外终止,看了日志发现是/root只分配了1GiB大小,已接近饱和。开始bing,总结一下步骤:
列出各分区使用情况:
- # df -Th
- Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
- /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 997M 994M 2.9M 100% /
- devtmpfs devtmpfs 915M 0 915M 0% /dev
- tmpfs tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /dev/shm
- tmpfs tmpfs 921M 17M 905M 2% /run
- tmpfs tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
- /dev/mapper/centos-usr xfs 4.9G 1.6G 3.4G 33% /usr
- /dev/sda1 xfs 97M 66M 31M 69% /boot
- /dev/mapper/centos-var xfs 2.4G 473M 1.9G 21% /var
可以看见 /dev/mapper/centos-root 已经使用了100%,我们准备为它扩容。
在VirtualBox中添加一块新的虚拟磁盘:
先关闭操作系统。在VirtualBox中选中当前VM,设置->存储->控制器->SATA控制器,点击图标“添加虚拟硬盘”,新建一个虚拟硬盘。我增加了一块3GiB大小的虚拟磁盘,保存后再次启动虚拟机。
创建新分区
先看一下现有磁盘情况:
# fdisk -l
结果:
- Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
- Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- Disk label type: dos
- Disk identifier: 0x000940ec
-
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux
- /dev/sda2 206848 41943039 20868096 8e Linux LVM
-
- Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
- Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
-
-
- Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2097 MB, 2097152000 bytes, 4096000 sectors
- Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
-
-
- Disk /dev/mapper/centos-usr: 5242 MB, 5242880000 bytes, 10240000 sectors
- Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
-
-
- Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes, 2048000 sectors
- Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
- Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- ...
- ...
- ...
已经可以看到新磁盘/dev/sdb。
对新磁盘进行分区:
# fdisk /dev/sdb
在fdisk的交互模式中,依次输入:
- n --创建新分区
- p --创建主分区
- <回车> --默认分区编号
- <回车> --默认起始扇区位置。
- <回车> --默认结束扇区位置。
- w --写入分区表
这样就把整个磁盘分成了一个区。
再看一下现有磁盘情况:
# fdisk -l
已经多出了一个新分区:
- Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/sdb1 2048 6291455 3144704 83 Linux
将新分区用于扩展/root
先看一下卷分组:
- # vgdisplay -v
- Finding all volume groups
- Finding volume group "centos"
- --- Volume group ---
- VG Name centos
- System ID
- Format lvm2
- Metadata Areas 1
- Metadata Sequence No 6
- VG Access read/write
- VG Status resizable
- MAX LV 0
- Cur LV 5
- Open LV 5
- Max PV 0
- Cur PV 1
- Act PV 1
- VG Size 19.90 GiB
- PE Size 4.00 MiB
- Total PE 5094
- Alloc PE / Size 5093 / 19.89 GiB
- Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
- VG UUID vtJL08-7Jxi-5IqK-3fUg-Pben-682a-wiv2GL
-
- --- Logical volume ---
- LV Path /dev/centos/root
- LV Name root
- VG Name centos
- LV UUID ZWTgoT-AMWs-g54v-dZA1-NQUj-mqGa-8tmr4U
- LV Write Access read/write
- LV Creation host, time localhost, 2016-07-03 21:59:31 -0400
- LV Status available
- # open 1
- LV Size 1000.00 MiB
- Current LE 250
- Segments 1
- Allocation inherit
- Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
- Block device 253:2
- ...
- ...
- ...
- --- Physical volumes ---
- PV Name /dev/sda2
- PV UUID fiVH1e-lwfi-63Lr-oIlK-GDZI-dcuZ-T04VlC
- PV Status allocatable
- Total PE / Free PE 5094 / 1
可以看到当前卷分组名为"centos"。
为之前新增的分区创建物理卷:
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
提示是否擦除xfs签名,我选了y:
- WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y
- Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
- Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
查看结果:
# pvdisplay
已经看到新创建的3GiB大小的物理卷:
- --- Physical volume ---
- PV Name /dev/sda2
- VG Name centos
- PV Size 19.90 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
- Allocatable yes
- PE Size 4.00 MiB
- Total PE 5094
- Free PE 1
- Allocated PE 5093
- PV UUID fiVH1e-lwfi-63Lr-oIlK-GDZI-dcuZ-T04VlC
-
- "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "3.00 GiB"
- --- NEW Physical volume ---
- PV Name /dev/sdb1
- VG Name
- PV Size 3.00 GiB
- Allocatable NO
- PE Size 0
- Total PE 0
- Free PE 0
- Allocated PE 0
- PV UUID VGXSAn-UiZ0-Fy40-eQxb-53xA-5hZM-3eGPg0
扩展卷分组,"centos"是vgdisplay命令查到的卷分组名:
# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
提示成功扩展。
下面查看一下逻辑卷:
# lvdisplay
可以看到/dev/centos/root目前的LV Size是1000MiB。
下面扩展逻辑卷/dev/centos/root:
# lvextend -L +3G /dev/centos/root
注:+3G是我们新增加的分区大小。
扩展后,还要执行一步:
# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
将文件系统扩大。
完成。
因为安装CentOS用的xfs分区,所以使用命令 xfs_growfs扩展文件系统大小。否则的话使用resize2fs命令。
查看结果:
# df -Th
/root已经扩充到4GiB:
- Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
- /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 4.0G 995M 3.1G 25% /
- devtmpfs devtmpfs 915M 0 915M 0% /dev
- tmpfs tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /dev/shm
- tmpfs tmpfs 921M 8.4M 913M 1% /run
- tmpfs tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
- /dev/mapper/centos-usr xfs 4.9G 1.6G 3.4G 33% /usr
- /dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 9.8G 391M 9.4G 4% /home
- /dev/mapper/centos-var xfs 2.4G 469M 1.9G 20% /var
- /dev/sda1 xfs 97M 66M 31M 69% /boot
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