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Android应用程序注册广播接收器(registerReceiver)的过程分析_android activitymanagerservice allsticky

android activitymanagerservice allsticky

        前面我们介绍了Android系统的广播机制,从本质来说,它是一种消息订阅/发布机制,因此,使用这种消息驱动模型的第一步便是订阅消息;而对Android应用程序来说,订阅消息其实就是注册广播接收器,本文将探讨Android应用程序是如何注册广播接收器以及把广播接收器注册到哪里去的。

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        在Android的广播机制中,ActivityManagerService扮演着广播中心的角色,负责系统中所有广播的注册和发布操作,因此,Android应用程序注册广播接收器的过程就把是广播接收器注册到ActivityManagerService的过程。Android应用程序是通过调用ContextWrapper类的registerReceiver函数来把广播接收器BroadcastReceiver注册到ActivityManagerService中去的,而ContextWrapper类本身又借助ContextImpl类来注册广播接收器。

        在Android应用程序框架中,Activity和Service类都继承了ContextWrapper类,因此,我们可以在Activity或者Service的子类中调用registerReceiver函数来注册广播接收器。Activity、Service、ContextWrapper和ContextImpl这四个类的关系可以参考前面Android系统在新进程中启动自定义服务过程(startService)的原理分析一文中描述的Activity类图。

        这篇文章还是继续以实例来进行情景分析,所用到的例子便是上一篇文章Android系统中的广播(Broadcast)机制简要介绍和学习计划里面介绍的应用程序了,所以希望读者在继续阅读本文之前,先看看这篇文章;又由于Android应用程序是把广播接器注册到ActivityManagerService中去的,因此,这里又会涉入到Binder进程间通信机制,所以希望读者对Android系统的Binder进程间通信机制有所了解,具体请参考Android进程间通信(IPC)机制Binder简要介绍和学习计划一文。

        开始进入主题了,在Android系统中的广播(Broadcast)机制简要介绍和学习计划一文所介绍的例子中,注册广播接收器的操作是MainActivity发起的,我们先来看看注册过程的序列图:


        在分析这个序列图之前,我们先来看一下MainActivity是如何调用registerReceiver函数来注册广播接收器的:

  1. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
  2. ......
  3. @Override
  4. public void onResume() {
  5. super.onResume();
  6. IntentFilter counterActionFilter = new IntentFilter(CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION);
  7. registerReceiver(counterActionReceiver, counterActionFilter);
  8. }
  9. ......
  10. }
        MainActivity在onResume函数里,通过其父类ContextWrapper的registerReceiver函数注册了一个BroadcastReceiver实例counterActionReceiver,并且通过IntentFilter实例counterActionFilter告诉ActivityManagerService,它要订阅的广播是CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的,这样,ActivityManagerService在收到CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的广播时,就会分发给counterActionReceiver实例的onReceive函数。

        接下来,就开始分析注册过程中的每一个步骤了。

        Step 1. ContextWrapper.registerReceiver

        这个函数实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java文件中:

  1. public class ContextWrapper extends Context {
  2. Context mBase;
  3. ......
  4. @Override
  5. public Intent registerReceiver(
  6. BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) {
  7. return mBase.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
  8. }
  9. ......
  10. }
        这里的成员变量mBase是一个ContextImpl实例,想知道为什么,可以回过头去看看 Android应用程序启动过程源代码分析这篇文章>~<。

        Step 2. ContextImpl.registerReceiver

        这个函数实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java文件中:

  1. class ContextImpl extends Context {
  2. ......
  3. @Override
  4. public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) {
  5. return registerReceiver(receiver, filter, null, null);
  6. }
  7. @Override
  8. public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter,
  9. String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler) {
  10. return registerReceiverInternal(receiver, filter, broadcastPermission,
  11. scheduler, getOuterContext());
  12. }
  13. private Intent registerReceiverInternal(BroadcastReceiver receiver,
  14. IntentFilter filter, String broadcastPermission,
  15. Handler scheduler, Context context) {
  16. IIntentReceiver rd = null;
  17. if (receiver != null) {
  18. if (mPackageInfo != null && context != null) {
  19. if (scheduler == null) {
  20. scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();
  21. }
  22. rd = mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher(
  23. receiver, context, scheduler,
  24. mMainThread.getInstrumentation(), true);
  25. } else {
  26. ......
  27. }
  28. }
  29. try {
  30. return ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().registerReceiver(
  31. mMainThread.getApplicationThread(),
  32. rd, filter, broadcastPermission);
  33. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  34. return null;
  35. }
  36. }
  37. ......
  38. }
        通过两个函数的中转,最终就进入到ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal这个函数来了。这里的成员变量mPackageInfo是一个LoadedApk实例,它是用来负责处理广播的接收的,在后面一篇文章讲到广播的发送时(sendBroadcast),会详细描述。参数broadcastPermission和scheduler都为null,而参数context是上面的函数通过调用函数getOuterContext得到的,这里它就是指向MainActivity了,因为MainActivity是继承于Context类的,因此,这里用Context类型来引用。

        由于条件mPackageInfo != null和context != null都成立,而且条件scheduler == null也成立,于是就调用mMainThread.getHandler来获得一个Handler了,这个Hanlder是后面用来分发ActivityManagerService发送过的广播用的。这里的成员变量mMainThread是一个ActivityThread实例,在前面Android应用程序启动过程源代码分析这篇文章也描述过了。我们先来看看ActivityThread.getHandler函数的实现,然后再回过头来继续分析ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数。

        Step 3. ActivityThread.getHandler

        这个函数实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2. ......
  3. final H mH = new H();
  4. private final class H extends Handler {
  5. ......
  6. public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
  7. ......
  8. switch (msg.what) {
  9. ......
  10. }
  11. ......
  12. }
  13. ......
  14. }
  15. ......
  16. final Handler getHandler() {
  17. return mH;
  18. }
  19. ......
  20. }
        有了这个Handler之后,就可以分发消息给应用程序处理了。

        再回到上一步的ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数中,它通过mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher函数获得一个IIntentReceiver接口对象rd,这是一个Binder对象,接下来会把它传给ActivityManagerService,ActivityManagerService在收到相应的广播时,就是通过这个Binder对象来通知MainActivity来接收的。

        我们也是先来看一下mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher函数的实现,然后再回过头来继续分析ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数。

        Step 4. LoadedApk.getReceiverDispatcher

        这个函数实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java文件中:

  1. final class LoadedApk {
  2. ......
  3. public IIntentReceiver getReceiverDispatcher(BroadcastReceiver r,
  4. Context context, Handler handler,
  5. Instrumentation instrumentation, boolean registered) {
  6. synchronized (mReceivers) {
  7. LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = null;
  8. HashMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher> map = null;
  9. if (registered) {
  10. map = mReceivers.get(context);
  11. if (map != null) {
  12. rd = map.get(r);
  13. }
  14. }
  15. if (rd == null) {
  16. rd = new ReceiverDispatcher(r, context, handler,
  17. instrumentation, registered);
  18. if (registered) {
  19. if (map == null) {
  20. map = new HashMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher>();
  21. mReceivers.put(context, map);
  22. }
  23. map.put(r, rd);
  24. }
  25. } else {
  26. rd.validate(context, handler);
  27. }
  28. return rd.getIIntentReceiver();
  29. }
  30. }
  31. ......
  32. static final class ReceiverDispatcher {
  33. final static class InnerReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub {
  34. final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher> mDispatcher;
  35. ......
  36. InnerReceiver(LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd, boolean strong) {
  37. mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher>(rd);
  38. ......
  39. }
  40. ......
  41. }
  42. ......
  43. final IIntentReceiver.Stub mIIntentReceiver;
  44. final Handler mActivityThread;
  45. ......
  46. ReceiverDispatcher(BroadcastReceiver receiver, Context context,
  47. Handler activityThread, Instrumentation instrumentation,
  48. boolean registered) {
  49. ......
  50. mIIntentReceiver = new InnerReceiver(this, !registered);
  51. mActivityThread = activityThread;
  52. ......
  53. }
  54. ......
  55. IIntentReceiver getIIntentReceiver() {
  56. return mIIntentReceiver;
  57. }
  58. }
  59. ......
  60. }

        在LoadedApk.getReceiverDispatcher函数中,首先看一下参数r是不是已经有相应的ReceiverDispatcher存在了,如果有,就直接返回了,否则就新建一个ReceiverDispatcher,并且以r为Key值保在一个HashMap中,而这个HashMap以Context,这里即为MainActivity为Key值保存在LoadedApk的成员变量mReceivers中,这样,只要给定一个Activity和BroadcastReceiver,就可以查看LoadedApk里面是否已经存在相应的广播接收发布器ReceiverDispatcher了。

        在新建广播接收发布器ReceiverDispatcher时,会在构造函数里面创建一个InnerReceiver实例,这是一个Binder对象,实现了IIntentReceiver接口,可以通过ReceiverDispatcher.getIIntentReceiver函数来获得,获得后就会把它传给ActivityManagerService,以便接收广播。在ReceiverDispatcher类的构造函数中,还会把传进来的Handle类型的参数activityThread保存下来,以便后面在分发广播的时候使用。

        现在,再回到ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数,在获得了IIntentReceiver类型的Binder对象后,就开始要把它注册到ActivityManagerService中去了。

        Step 5. ActivityManagerProxy.registerReceiver

        这个函数实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:

  1. class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
  2. {
  3. ......
  4. public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller,
  5. IIntentReceiver receiver,
  6. IntentFilter filter, String perm) throws RemoteException
  7. {
  8. Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
  9. Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
  10. data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
  11. data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
  12. data.writeStrongBinder(receiver != null ? receiver.asBinder() : null);
  13. filter.writeToParcel(data, 0);
  14. data.writeString(perm);
  15. mRemote.transact(REGISTER_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
  16. reply.readException();
  17. Intent intent = null;
  18. int haveIntent = reply.readInt();
  19. if (haveIntent != 0) {
  20. intent = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(reply);
  21. }
  22. reply.recycle();
  23. data.recycle();
  24. return intent;
  25. }
  26. ......
  27. }
         这个函数通过Binder驱动程序就进入到ActivityManagerService中的registerReceiver函数中去了。

         Step 6. ActivityManagerService.registerReceiver

         这个函数实现在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3. ......
  4. public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller,
  5. IIntentReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String permission) {
  6. synchronized(this) {
  7. ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
  8. if (caller != null) {
  9. callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
  10. if (callerApp == null) {
  11. ......
  12. }
  13. }
  14. List allSticky = null;
  15. // Look for any matching sticky broadcasts...
  16. Iterator actions = filter.actionsIterator();
  17. if (actions != null) {
  18. while (actions.hasNext()) {
  19. String action = (String)actions.next();
  20. allSticky = getStickiesLocked(action, filter, allSticky);
  21. }
  22. } else {
  23. ......
  24. }
  25. // The first sticky in the list is returned directly back to
  26. // the client.
  27. Intent sticky = allSticky != null ? (Intent)allSticky.get(0) : null;
  28. ......
  29. if (receiver == null) {
  30. return sticky;
  31. }
  32. ReceiverList rl
  33. = (ReceiverList)mRegisteredReceivers.get(receiver.asBinder());
  34. if (rl == null) {
  35. rl = new ReceiverList(this, callerApp,
  36. Binder.getCallingPid(),
  37. Binder.getCallingUid(), receiver);
  38. if (rl.app != null) {
  39. rl.app.receivers.add(rl);
  40. } else {
  41. ......
  42. }
  43. mRegisteredReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl);
  44. }
  45. BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, permission);
  46. rl.add(bf);
  47. ......
  48. mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf);
  49. // Enqueue broadcasts for all existing stickies that match
  50. // this filter.
  51. if (allSticky != null) {
  52. ......
  53. }
  54. return sticky;
  55. }
  56. }
  57. ......
  58. }
         函数首先是获得调用registerReceiver函数的应用程序进程记录块:

  1. ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
  2. if (caller != null) {
  3. callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
  4. if (callerApp == null) {
  5. ......
  6. }
  7. }
        这里得到的便是上一篇文章 Android系统中的广播(Broadcast)机制简要介绍和学习计划里面介绍的应用程序Broadcast的进程记录块了,MainActivity就是在里面启动起来的。

        

  1. List allSticky = null;
  2. // Look for any matching sticky broadcasts...
  3. Iterator actions = filter.actionsIterator();
  4. if (actions != null) {
  5. while (actions.hasNext()) {
  6. String action = (String)actions.next();
  7. allSticky = getStickiesLocked(action, filter, allSticky);
  8. }
  9. } else {
  10. ......
  11. }
  12. // The first sticky in the list is returned directly back to
  13. // the client.
  14. Intent sticky = allSticky != null ? (Intent)allSticky.get(0) : null;
        这里传进来的filter只有一个action,就是前面描述的CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION了,这里先通过getStickiesLocked函数查找一下有没有对应的sticky intent列表存在。什么是Sticky Intent呢?我们在最后一次调用sendStickyBroadcast函数来发送某个Action类型的广播时,系统会把代表这个广播的Intent保存下来,这样,后来调用registerReceiver来注册相同Action类型的广播接收器,就会得到这个最后发出的广播。这就是为什么叫做Sticky Intent了,这个最后发出的广播虽然被处理完了,但是仍然被粘住在ActivityManagerService中,以便下一个注册相应Action类型的广播接收器还能继承处理。

        这里,假设我们不使用sendStickyBroadcast来发送CounterService.BROADCAST_COUNTER_ACTION类型的广播,于是,这里得到的allSticky和sticky都为null了。

        继续往下看,这里传进来的receiver不为null,于是,继续往下执行:

  1. ReceiverList rl
  2. = (ReceiverList)mRegisteredReceivers.get(receiver.asBinder());
  3. if (rl == null) {
  4. rl = new ReceiverList(this, callerApp,
  5. Binder.getCallingPid(),
  6. Binder.getCallingUid(), receiver);
  7. if (rl.app != null) {
  8. rl.app.receivers.add(rl);
  9. } else {
  10. ......
  11. }
  12. mRegisteredReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl);
  13. }
        这里其实就是把广播接收器receiver保存一个ReceiverList列表中,这个列表的宿主进程是rl.app,这里就是MainActivity所在的进程了,在ActivityManagerService中,用一个进程记录块来表示这个应用程序进程,它里面有一个列表receivers,专门用来保存这个进程注册的广播接收器。接着,又把这个ReceiverList列表以receiver为Key值保存在ActivityManagerService的成员变量mRegisteredReceivers中,这些都是为了方便在收到广播时,快速找到对应的广播接收器的。

        再往下看:

  1. BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, permission);
  2. rl.add(bf);
  3. ......
  4. mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf);
        上面只是把广播接收器receiver保存起来了,但是还没有把它和filter关联起来,这里就创建一个BroadcastFilter来把广播接收器列表rl和filter关联起来,然后保存在ActivityManagerService中的成员变量mReceiverResolver中去。

        这样,广播接收器注册的过程就介绍完了,比较简单,但是工作又比较琐碎,主要就是将广播接收器receiver及其要接收的广播类型filter保存在ActivityManagerService中,以便以后能够接收到相应的广播并进行处理,在下一篇文章,我们将详细分析这个过程,敬请关注。

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