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在数据可视化领域,饼状图是一种常用的方式来展示各个类别在总体中所占的比例。然而,有时候我们希望给饼状图添加一些额外的信息,以增强其表达能力。在本文中,我们将介绍如何使用Matlab绘制带有阴影效果的饼状图。
Matlab是一种功能强大的数值计算和可视化工具,它提供了丰富的绘图函数和选项,使我们能够以灵活而直观的方式呈现数据。在开始之前,请确保您已经安装了Matlab,并且具备基本的编程知识。
首先,我们需要准备一些数据来绘制饼状图。假设我们有四个类别,它们在总体中的比例分别为25%,30%,20%和25%。我们可以使用Matlab的向量来表示这些比例:
data = [25, 30, 20, 25];
接下来,我们需要计算每个类别所对应的角度。饼状图的每个扇形的角度大小与其所占比例成正比。我们可以使用Matlab的pie
函数来计算这些角度,并绘制饼状图:
figure; pie(data);
运行上述代码后,您将看到一个简单的饼状图,其中包含了四个扇形,每个扇形代表一个类别,并且它们的角度大小与其所占比例相对应。
然而,我们的目标是为这个饼状图添加阴影效果,以增强其可读性和美观性。为了实现这一目标,我们可以使用Matlab的patch
函数来绘制每个扇形的阴影。
首先,我们需要计算每个扇形的坐标。我们可以使用饼状图的半径和角度来计算扇形的外边界坐标。然后,我们可以使用patch
函数绘制扇形的阴影。
radius = 1; % 饼状图的半径 angles = cumsum(data/sum(data)*2*pi); % 计算每个类别对应的角度 angles = [0, angles]; % 添加起始角度 hold on; for i = 1:length(data) x = [0, radius*cos(angles(i)), radius*cos(angles(i+1))]; % 计算扇形的x坐标 y = [0, radius*sin(angles(i)), radius*sin(angles(i+1))]; % 计算扇形的y坐标 patch(x, y, 'k', 'FaceAlpha', 0.3); % 绘制阴影 end hold off;
运行上述代码后,您将看到一个带有阴影效果的饼状图。每个扇形的阴影将增强其立体感,并使其更加突出。
除了阴影效果,我们还可以通过调整阴影的透明度、颜色和位置来进一步定制饼状图。Matlab提供了丰富的选项,使我们能够根据自己的需求进行调整。
综上所述,使用Matlab绘制带有阴影的饼状图是一种简单而强大的方式来展示数据。通过添加阴影效果,我们可以增强饼状图的表达能力,并使其更加美观。希望本文能帮助您在数据可视化中更好地使用Matlab。如果您有任何问题或建议,请随时与我们分享。谢谢阅读!
clc
clear all
close all
X=[1 3 0.5 2.5 2];
SP=shadowPie(X,'ShadowType',{'/','.','|','+','x'});
SP=SP.draw();
classdef shadowPie
properties
ax,XData,num
shadowTypeList={'\','/','_','|','+','x','.','w','k','g'}
shadowType % 阴影类型
otherProp % 其他初始属性
oriPieHdl % 原始图形句柄
newPieHdl
pshapeHdl % polyshape图形句柄
lineNum=85 % 阴影基础线数量
oriLegend;XYRate;nonePieHdl
lL_X1;lL_X2;cL_X1;cL_X2;hL_X1;hL_X2;XMesh;YMesh
end
methods
function obj=shadowPie(varargin)
% 基础属性设置
obj.XData=varargin{1};varargin(1)=[];
if any(strcmpi('shadowType',varargin))
tind=find(strcmpi('shadowType',varargin));
obj.shadowType=varargin{tind+1};
varargin([tind,tind+1])=[];
else
obj.shadowType=obj.shadowTypeList;
end
if any(strcmpi('lineNum',varargin))
tind=find(strcmpi('lineNum',varargin));
obj.lineNum=varargin{tind+1};
varargin([tind,tind+1])=[];
end
obj.otherProp=varargin;
obj.num=length(obj.XData);
help shadowPie
end
function obj=draw(obj)
% 基础绘图
obj.oriPieHdl=pie(obj.XData,obj.otherProp{:});
obj.ax=gca;hold(obj.ax,'on');
% 一些基础线
obj.lL_X1=linspace(-1.5-6,1.5,obj.lineNum);
obj.lL_X2=linspace(-1.5,1.5+6,obj.lineNum);
obj.cL_X1=linspace(-1.5-3,1.5,obj.lineNum);
obj.cL_X2=linspace(-1.5,1.5+3,obj.lineNum);
obj.hL_X1=linspace(-1.5,1.5,obj.lineNum);
obj.hL_X2=linspace(-1.5,1.5,obj.lineNum);
[obj.XMesh,obj.YMesh]=meshgrid(linspace(-1.5,1.5,obj.lineNum));
n=1;
for i=1:length(obj.oriPieHdl)
if isa(obj.oriPieHdl(i),'matlab.graphics.primitive.Patch')
obj.newPieHdl(n)=obj.oriPieHdl(i);
obj.oriPieHdl(i).Tag='pieBox';
n=n+1;
else
obj.oriPieHdl(i).Tag='pieText';
end
end
n=1;
for i=1:length(obj.oriPieHdl)
if isa(obj.oriPieHdl(i),'matlab.graphics.primitive.Patch')
obj.oriPieHdl(i).FaceColor=[1,1,1];
obj.oriPieHdl(i).LineWidth=.8;
tPolyPhape=polyshape(obj.oriPieHdl(i).XData,obj.oriPieHdl(i).YData);
tType=mod(n-1,length(obj.shadowType))+1;
switch obj.shadowType{tType}
case '\'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.lL_X1(k),1.5;obj.lL_X2(k),-1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
plot(tXX(:),tYY(:),'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','pieShadow')
case '/'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.lL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.lL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
plot(tXX(:),tYY(:),'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','pieShadow')
case '_'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[-1.5,obj.hL_X1(k);1.5,obj.hL_X2(k)]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
plot(tXX(:),tYY(:),'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','pieShadow')
case '|'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.hL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.hL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
plot(tXX(:),tYY(:),'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','pieShadow')
case '+'
tXX1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[-1.5,obj.hL_X1(k);1.5,obj.hL_X2(k)]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX1(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
tXX2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.hL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.hL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX2(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
plot([tXX1(:);nan;tXX2(:)],[tYY1(:);nan;tYY2(:)],'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','pieShadow')
case 'x'
tXX1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.cL_X1(k),1.5;obj.cL_X2(k),-1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX1(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
tXX2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.cL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.cL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX2(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
plot([tXX1(:);nan;tXX2(:)],[tYY1(:);nan;tYY2(:)],'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','pieShadow')
case '.'
tXX=obj.XMesh(:);tYY=obj.YMesh(:);
tbool=isinterior(tPolyPhape,tXX(:),tYY(:));
scatter(tXX(tbool),tYY(tbool),2,'filled','o','MarkerEdgeColor','none','MarkerFaceColor',[0,0,0],'Tag','pieShadow')
case 'w'
obj.oriPieHdl(i).FaceColor=[1,1,1];
case 'k'
obj.oriPieHdl(i).FaceColor=[0,0,0];
case 'g'
obj.oriPieHdl(i).FaceColor=[.5,.5,.5];
end
n=n+1;
end
end
end
function obj=legend(obj,cellStr,varargin)
obj.nonePieHdl=pie(obj.XData,obj.otherProp{:});
nn=1;
for n=1:length(obj.nonePieHdl)
if isa(obj.nonePieHdl(n),'matlab.graphics.primitive.Patch')
obj.nonePieHdl(n).FaceColor='none';
obj.nonePieHdl(n).EdgeColor='none';
newNonePieHdl(nn)=obj.nonePieHdl(n);
nn=nn+1;
else
obj.nonePieHdl(n).Visible='off';
end
end
obj.oriLegend=legend(newNonePieHdl,cellStr,varargin{:});
obj.oriLegend.AutoUpdate='off';
obj.oriLegend.Box='off';
obj.ax.XLim=obj.ax.XLim;
obj.ax.YLim=obj.ax.YLim;
% 框重定位
tlgdPos=obj.oriLegend.Position;
taxPos=obj.ax.Position;
taxXLim=obj.ax.XLim;
taxYLim=obj.ax.YLim;
tfigRate=obj.ax.Parent.Position(3:4);
tfigRate=tfigRate.*taxPos(3:4);tfigRate=tfigRate./min(tfigRate);
taxXLim=taxXLim.*tfigRate(1);
taxYLim=taxYLim.*tfigRate(2);
tXYMin=(tlgdPos(1:2)-taxPos(1:2))./taxPos(3:4).*[diff(taxXLim),diff(taxYLim)]+[taxXLim(1),taxYLim(1)];
tXYMax=(tlgdPos(1:2)+tlgdPos(3:4)-taxPos(1:2))./taxPos(3:4).*[diff(taxXLim),diff(taxYLim)]+[taxXLim(1),taxYLim(1)];
boxHdl=fill([tXYMin(1),tXYMax(1),tXYMax(1),tXYMin(1)],[tXYMin(2),tXYMin(2),tXYMax(2),tXYMax(2)],[1,1,1],'Tag','lgdBox');
for n=1:length((obj.newPieHdl))
ttType=mod(n-1,length(obj.shadowType))+1;
squareHdl(n)=fill([0,0,0],[0,0,0],[1,1,1],'EdgeColor',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.7,'Tag','pieBox');
if strcmp(obj.shadowType{ttType},'.')
lgdLineHdl(n)=scatter(0,0,2,'filled','o','MarkerEdgeColor','none','MarkerFaceColor',[0,0,0],'Tag','pieShadow');
else
lgdLineHdl(n)=plot(0,0,'Color',[0,0,0],'LineWidth',.5,'Tag','barBox','Tag','pieShadow');
end
end
moveLgd()
set(obj.ax.Parent,'WindowButtonMotionFcn',@moveLgd);
function moveLgd(~,~)
% 框重定位
lgdPos=obj.oriLegend.Position;
axPos=obj.ax.Position;
axXLim=obj.ax.XLim;
axYLim=obj.ax.YLim;
figRate=obj.ax.Parent.Position(3:4);
figRate=figRate.*axPos(3:4);figRate=figRate./min(figRate);
axXLim=axXLim.*figRate(1);
axYLim=axYLim.*figRate(2);
XYMin=(lgdPos(1:2)-axPos(1:2))./axPos(3:4).*[diff(axXLim),diff(axYLim)]+[axXLim(1),axYLim(1)];
XYMax=(lgdPos(1:2)+lgdPos(3:4)-axPos(1:2))./axPos(3:4).*[diff(axXLim),diff(axYLim)]+[axXLim(1),axYLim(1)];
boxHdl.XData=[XYMin(1),XYMax(1),XYMax(1),XYMin(1)];
boxHdl.YData=[XYMin(2),XYMin(2),XYMax(2),XYMax(2)];
Y=XYMin(2)+(XYMax(2)-XYMin(2)).*linspace(1/length(obj.newPieHdl)/2+1/50,1-1/length(obj.newPieHdl)/2-1/50,length(obj.newPieHdl));
obj.XYRate=diff(obj.ax.YLim)./diff(obj.ax.XLim);
PBA=obj.ax.PlotBoxAspectRatio(2)./obj.ax.PlotBoxAspectRatio(1)./0.7896;
Y=fliplr(Y);
for i=1:length((obj.newPieHdl))
tX=XYMin(1)+(XYMax(2)-XYMin(2))./2./length(obj.newPieHdl).*[1/10,.95,.95,1/10].*(PBA./obj.XYRate.*3);
tY=Y(i)+0.75.*[-1,-1,1,1].*(XYMax(2)-XYMin(2))./2./length(obj.newPieHdl);
squareHdl(i).XData=tX;
squareHdl(i).YData=tY;
tPolyPhape=polyshape(tX,tY);
tType=mod(i-1,length(obj.shadowType))+1;
switch obj.shadowType{tType}
case '\'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.lL_X1(k),1.5;obj.lL_X2(k),-1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=tXX(:);
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=tYY(:);
case '/'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.lL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.lL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=tXX(:);
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=tYY(:);
case '_'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[-1.5,obj.hL_X1(k);1.5,obj.hL_X2(k)]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=tXX(:);
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=tYY(:);
case '|'
tXX=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.hL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.hL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=tXX(:);
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=tYY(:);
case '+'
tXX1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[-1.5,obj.hL_X1(k);1.5,obj.hL_X2(k)]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX1(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
tXX2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.hL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.hL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX2(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=[tXX1(:);nan;tXX2(:)];
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=[tYY1(:);nan;tYY2(:)];
case 'x'
tXX1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY1=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.cL_X1(k),1.5;obj.cL_X2(k),-1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX1(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY1(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
tXX2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);tYY2=zeros([3,obj.lineNum]);
for k=1:obj.lineNum
[in,~]=intersect(tPolyPhape,[obj.cL_X1(k),-1.5;obj.cL_X2(k),1.5]);
if ~isempty(in)
tXX2(:,k)=[in(1,1);in(end,1);nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[in(1,2);in(end,2);nan];
else
tXX2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
tYY2(:,k)=[nan;nan;nan];
end
end
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=[tXX1(:);nan;tXX2(:)];
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=[tYY1(:);nan;tYY2(:)];
case '.'
tXX=obj.XMesh(:);tYY=obj.YMesh(:);
tbool=isinterior(tPolyPhape,tXX(:),tYY(:));
lgdLineHdl(i).XData=tXX(tbool);
lgdLineHdl(i).YData=tYY(tbool);
case 'w'
squareHdl(i).FaceColor=[1,1,1];
case 'k'
squareHdl(i).FaceColor=[0,0,0];
case 'g'
squareHdl(i).FaceColor=[.5,.5,.5];
end
end
end
end
end
end
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