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在做的项目需要发JSON格式的消息并解析,因此学习了利用cJSON解析JSON格式,该格式易于人阅读和编写。同时也易于机器解析和生成。
语法:键 / 值
1、以 { 开始,以 } 结束,允许嵌套使用
2、每个键和值成对出现,并使用:分隔。如"age"=23
3、键值对之间用 ,
分隔
值的多种类型:
字符串:用 " "
- {
- "name":"code",
- "gender":"male"
- }
数字:整数或浮点数都直接表示
- {
- "key1":10,
- "key2":20.0
- }
数组:用[ ]
- {
- "key1" : [0, 1],
- "key2" : [2, 3]
- }
布尔值:fault、true
gitee仓库:https://gitee.com/peng-jiaweibabe/c-json
git clone https://gitee.com/peng-jiaweibabe/c-json.git
cJSON的.c和.h文件,使用的时候,只需要将这两个文件复制到工程目录,然后包含头文件cJSON.h即可。即#include "cJSON.h"
如若出现该情况,链接math库即可
1.cJSON_Parse
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_Parse(const char *value)
-
- 函数功能:将一个JSON字符串,按照cJSON结构体的结构序列化整个数据包,并在堆中开辟一块内存存储cJSON结构体
-
- 返回值:成功返回一个指向内存块中的cJSON的指针,失败返回NULL
2.cJSON_Print
- CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_Print(const cJSON *item) //按JSON格式打印
-
- CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_PrintUnformatted(const cJSON *item) //不按JSON格式打印
-
- 函数功能:将整条链表中存放的JSON信息输出到一个字符串中,使用时只需用一个字符串指针(char *)接收该函数返回的指针地址即可。
-
- 返回值:成功返回一个char*指针并指向位于堆中JSON字符串,失败返回NULL
3.cJSON_Delete
- CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_Delete(cJSON *c)
-
- 函数功能:释放位于堆中cJSON结构体内存
-
- 返回值:无
4.cJSON_GetObjectItem
- (cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string)
-
- 函数功能:根据键值对的名称从链表中取出对应的值,返回该键值对(链表节点)的地址
-
- 返回值:成功返回一个指向内存块中的cJSON的指针,失败返回NULL
5.cJSON_GetObjectItem(数组相关)
-
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string)
-
- (int) cJSON_GetArraySize(const cJSON *array)
-
- (cJSON *) cJSON_GetArrayItem(const cJSON *array, int index)
-
6.创建对象函数接口
- /* raw json */
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateRaw(const char *raw);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArray(void);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObject(void);
- /* These calls create a cJSON item of the appropriate type. */
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNull(void);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateBool(cJSON_bool boolean);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);
- /* These utilities create an Array of count items. */
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers, int count);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers, int count);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers, int count);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char **strings, int count);
7.添加cJSON对象到链表
- CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
-
- CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
8.从现有的cJSON链表中删除一个对象
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemViaPointer(cJSON *parent, cJSON * const item);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
- CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
- /*********************************************************************************
- * Copyright: (C) 2022 Nbiot<lingyun@gail.com>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Filename: test_cjson.c
- * Description: This file test_cjson.c
- *
- * Version: 1.0.0(30/05/22)
- * Author: Nbiot <lingyun@gail.com>
- * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "30/05/22 20:25:49"
- *
- ********************************************************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "cJSON.h"
-
- int main (int argc, char **argv)
- {
- char json_buf[] = "{\"type\":\"text\",\"number\":1111,\"sms\":\"nihao\"}";
-
- cJSON *json = NULL;
- cJSON *json_type = NULL;
- cJSON *json_num = NULL;
- cJSON *json_sms = NULL;
-
- printf("json格式化前:\n");
- printf("%s\n\n", json_buf);
-
- json = cJSON_Parse(json_buf); //json格式序列化
-
- if (NULL == json)
- {
- printf("cJSON_Parse error:%s\n", cJSON_GetErrorPtr());
- }
-
- printf("json格式化后:\n");
- printf("%s\n\n",cJSON_Print(json));
-
- /* 获取相应key的value */
- json_type = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "type");
- json_num = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "number");
- json_sms = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "sms");
-
- printf("type:%s\n", json_type->valuestring);
- printf("number:%d\n", json_num->valueint);
- printf("sms:%s\n", json_sms->valuestring);
-
- cJSON_Delete(json); //释放cjson结构体内存
-
- return 0;
- }
结果:
- /*********************************************************************************
- * Copyright: (C) 2022 Nbiot<lingyun@gail.com>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Filename: test_cjson1.c
- * Description: This file test_cjson1.c
- *
- * Version: 1.0.0(30/05/22)
- * Author: Nbiot <lingyun@gail.com>
- * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "30/05/22 23:36:09"
- *
- ********************************************************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "cJSON.h"
-
- int main (int argc, char **argv)
- {
- char json_buf[] = "{\"type\":\"text\",\"number\":{\"phone_number\":\"17687499242\"},\"sms\":\"nihao\"}";
-
- cJSON *json = NULL;
- cJSON *json_phone_number = NULL;
-
- printf("json格式化前:\n");
- printf("%s\n\n", json_buf);
-
- json = cJSON_Parse(json_buf); //json格式序列化
-
- if (NULL == json)
- {
- printf("cJSON_Parse error:%s\n", cJSON_GetErrorPtr());
- }
-
- printf("json格式化后:\n");
- printf("%s\n\n",cJSON_Print(json));
-
- /* 获取相应key的value */
- json_phone_number = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "number"); //首先获取第一次键值
-
- json_phone_number = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json_phone_number, "phone_number"); //获取第二层
-
- printf("phone_number:%s\n", json_phone_number->valuestring);
-
- cJSON_Delete(json); //释放cjson结构体内存
-
- return 0;
- }
结果:
- /*********************************************************************************
- * Copyright: (C) 2022 Nbiot<lingyun@gail.com>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Filename: test_cjson3.c
- * Description: This file test_cjson3.c
- *
- * Version: 1.0.0(31/05/22)
- * Author: Nbiot <lingyun@gail.com>
- * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "31/05/22 00:14:13"
- *
- ********************************************************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "cJSON.h"
-
- int main (int argc, char **argv)
- {
- char json_buf[] = "{\"type\":\"text\",\"number\":1111,\"sms\":\"nihao\",\"array\":[1,2,3]}";
-
- cJSON *json = NULL;
- cJSON *json_array = NULL;
- int array_size=0;
- cJSON *json_array_value = NULL;
-
- printf("json格式化前:\n");
- printf("%s\n\n", json_buf);
-
- json = cJSON_Parse(json_buf); //json格式序列化
-
- if (NULL == json)
- {
- printf("cJSON_Parse error:%s\n", cJSON_GetErrorPtr());
- }
-
- printf("json格式化后:\n");
- printf("%s\n\n",cJSON_Print(json));
-
- json_array = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json, "array");
- array_size = cJSON_GetArraySize(json_array); //获取数组大小
-
- printf("array_size=%d\n",array_size);
-
- for(int i=0; i<array_size; i++)
- {
- json_array_value = cJSON_GetArrayItem(json_array, i);
- printf("array[%d]=%d\n", i,json_array_value->valueint);
- }
-
- cJSON_Delete(json); //释放cjson结构体内存
-
- return 0;
- }
结果:
- /*********************************************************************************
- * Copyright: (C) 2022 Nbiot<lingyun@gail.com>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Filename: test_cjson2.c
- * Description: This file test_cjson2.c
- *
- * Version: 1.0.0(30/05/22)
- * Author: Nbiot <lingyun@gail.com>
- * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "30/05/22 20:46:57"
- *
- ********************************************************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include "cJSON.h"
-
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- char *json_ptr = NULL;
- cJSON * root = cJSON_CreateObject();
- cJSON * son = cJSON_CreateObject();
- cJSON * next = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
- cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "gender", cJSON_CreateString("male"));
- cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "student", son); //第一层嵌套键值
- cJSON_AddItemToObject(son, "name", cJSON_CreateString("xiaochen"));//第二层嵌套键值
- cJSON_AddItemToObject(son, "school", next); //第二层嵌套键值
- cJSON_AddItemToObject(next, "name", cJSON_CreateString("high school"));//第三层嵌套键值
-
- json_ptr = cJSON_Print(root);
- printf("JSON:\n", json_ptr);
- printf("%s\n", json_ptr);
-
- free(json_ptr);
-
- cJSON_Delete(root);
-
- return 0;
- }
结果:
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