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目录
1.1 所有节点,关闭防火墙规则,关闭selinux,关闭swap交换
三、 所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
4.2 在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录
4.3 复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点,并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件
4.10 如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康,更改以下两个文件
master(2C/4G,cpu核心数要求大于2) | 192.168.80.10 | docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel |
node01(2C/2G) | 192.168.80.30 | docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel |
node02(2C/2G) | 192.168.80.40 | docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel |
Harbor节点(hub.kgc.com) | 192.168.80.70 | docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2 |
实验步骤:
1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2、部署Kubernetes Master
3、部署容器网络插件
4、部署 Kubernetes Node,将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面,可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6、部署Harbor 私有仓库,存放镜像资源
- systemctl stop firewalld
- systemctl disable firewalld
- setenforce 0
- iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
- swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭
- sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区,&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
- #加载 ip_vs 模块
- for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
- hostnamectl set-hostname master01
- hostnamectl set-hostname node01
- hostnamectl set-hostname node02
- vim /etc/hosts
- 192.168.80.10 master01
- 192.168.80.30 node01
- 192.168.80.40 node02
-
- 用这个快
- cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
- 192.168.80.10 master01
- 192.168.80.30 node01
- 192.168.80.40 node02
- EOF
- cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
- #开启网桥模式,可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
- net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
- net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
- #关闭ipv6协议
- net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
- net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
- EOF
-
- 参数生效
- sysctl --system
- yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
-
- mkdir /etc/docker
- cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
- {
- "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
- "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
- "log-driver": "json-file",
- "log-opts": {
- "max-size": "100m"
- }
- }
- EOF
- #使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理,因为相对Cgroupfs而言,Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
- #日志使用json-file格式类型存储,大小为100M,保存在/var/log/containers目录下,方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。
- cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
- [kubernetes]
- name=Kubernetes
- baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=0
- repo_gpgcheck=0
- gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
- EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11
- systemctl enable kubelet.service
- #K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在,即底层是以容器方式运行,所以kubelet必须设置开机自启
kubeadm config images list
- unzip v1.20.11.zip
- cd /opt/v1.20.11
- for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
- scp -r /opt/v1.20.11 root@node01:/opt
- scp -r /opt/v1.20.11 root@node02:/opt
- 方法一:
- kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
-
- cd /opt/
- vim kubeadm-config.yaml
- ......
- 11 localAPIEndpoint:
- 12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.80.10 #指定master节点的IP地址
- 13 bindPort: 6443
- ......
- 34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11 #指定kubernetes版本号
- 35 networking:
- 36 dnsDomain: cluster.local
- 37 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" #指定pod网段,10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
- 38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段
- 39 scheduler: {}
- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
- kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
- mode: ipvs #把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式
-
- kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
- #--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件,k8sV1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
- #tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志
- less kubeadm-init.log
- 按q退出
ls /etc/kubernetes/
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
- 方法二:
- kubeadm init \
- --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.80.10 \
- --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
- --kubernetes-version=v1.20.11 \
- --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
- --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
- --token-ttl=0
-
-
-
- 初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令,可以指定具体参数初始化,也可以指定配置文件初始化。
- 可选参数:
- --apiserver-advertise-address:apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址,一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址,0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址
- --apiserver-bind-port:apiserver的监听端口,默认是6443
- --cert-dir:通讯的ssl证书文件,默认/etc/kubernetes/pki
- --control-plane-endpoint:控制台平面的共享终端,可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名,高可用集群时需要添加
- --image-repository:拉取镜像的镜像仓库,默认是k8s.gcr.io
- --kubernetes-version:指定kubernetes版本
- --pod-network-cidr:pod资源的网段,需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。通常,Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16,Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16;
- --service-cidr:service资源的网段
- --service-dns-domain:service全域名的后缀,默认是cluster.local
-
-
-
- 方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap,开启 ipvs
- kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n=kube-system
- 修改mode: ipvs
-
-
-
- 提示:
- ......
- Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
-
- To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
-
- mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
- sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
- sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
-
- You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
- Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
- https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
-
- Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
-
- kubeadm join 192.168.80.10:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \
- --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2
- kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作,kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf,它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。
-
- mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
- cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
- chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
- vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
- vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
- # 修改如下内容
- 把--bind-address=127.0.0.1变成--bind-address=192.168.80.10 #修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip
- 把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.80.10(有两处)
- #- --port=0 # 搜索port=0,把这一行注释掉
-
- systemctl restart kubelet
- 方法一:
- //所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
- cd /opt
- docker load < flannel.tar
-
- //在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
- kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
- 方法二:
- kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
-
-
- //在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
- [root@node01 opt]# kubeadm join 192.168.80.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
- > --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0d33e878f9c06d83ae88b49969d0d47e2260ab60eca163a578b6f8eaa32ea343
- kubectl get nodes
-
- kubectl get pods -n kube-system
- kubectl create deployment nginx-dayu --image=nginx
-
- kubectl get pods -o wide
- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
- nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.1.2 node01 <none> <none>
- kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
-
- kubectl get svc
- NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
- kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 25h
- nginx NodePort 10.96.15.132 <none> 80:32698/TCP 4s
curl http://node01:31856
- kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
- kubectl get pods -o wide
- #上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中
- cd /opt/k8s
- vim recommended.yaml
- #默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
- kind: Service
- apiVersion: v1
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
- namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
- spec:
- ports:
- - port: 443
- targetPort: 8443
- nodePort: 30001 #添加
- type: NodePort #添加
- selector:
- k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-
- kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
-
- #创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
- kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
- kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
- kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
-
- #使用输出的token登录Dashboard
- https://NodeIP:30001
- 新开一台虚拟机ip 192.168.80.70
- hostnamectl set-hostname hub.dayu.com
- #所有节点
- echo '192.168.80.70 hub.dayu.com' >> /etc/hosts
- yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
-
- mkdir /etc/docker
- cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
- {
- "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
- "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
- "log-driver": "json-file",
- "log-opts": {
- "max-size": "100m"
- },
- "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.dayu.com"]
- }
- EOF
-
- systemctl start docker
- systemctl enable docker
- //上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录
- cd /opt
- cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
- chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
-
- tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
- cd harbor/
- vim harbor.cfg
- 5 hostname = hub.kgc.com
- 9 ui_url_protocol = https
- 24 ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt
- 25 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key
- 59 harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345
- mkdir -p /data/cert
- cd /data/cert
- #生成私钥
- openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
- 输入两遍密码:123456
- openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
- 输入私钥密码:123456
- 输入国家名:CN
- 输入省名:BJ
- 输入市名:BJ
- 输入组织名:KGC
- 输入机构名:KGC
- 输入域名:hub.dayu.com
- 输入管理员邮箱:yuzhigenp@foxmail.com
- 其它全部直接回车
cp server.key server.key.org
- openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
- 输入私钥密码:123456
- openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
-
- chmod +x /data/cert/*
-
- cd /opt/harbor/
- ./install.sh
-
- 浏览器访问:https://hub.dayu.com
- 用户名:admin
- 密码:Harbor12345
(harbor之前的版本太低了,我在这边装的是2.0版本,安装详情centos7安装harbor2.0)
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.dayu.com
- docker tag nginx:latest hub.dayu.com/library/nginx:v1
- docker push hub.dayu.com/library/nginx:v1
- kubectl delete deployment nginx
-
- kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=hub.dayu.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3
-
- kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80
- kubectl get svc,pods
- NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
- service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m
- service/nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000/TCP 3m15s
-
- NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
- pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz 1/1 Running 0 16s
- pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr 1/1 Running 0 16s
- pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45 1/1 Running 0 3m39s
- yum install ipvsadm -y
- ipvsadm -Ln
curl 10.96.222.161:30000
- kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment
- 25 type: NodePort #把调度策略改成NodePort
-
- kubectl get svc
- NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
- service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29m
- service/nginx-deployment NodePort 10.96.222.161 <none> 30000:32340/TCP 22m
- cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
- net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
- net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
- net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
- net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
- vm.swappiness=0 #禁止使用 swap 空间,只有当系统内存不足(OOM)时才允许使用它
- vm.overcommit_memory=1 #不检查物理内存是否够用
- vm.panic_on_oom=0 #开启 OOM
- fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
- fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
- fs.file-max=52706963 #指定最大文件句柄数
- fs.nr_open=52706963 #仅4.4以上版本支持
- net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
- net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
- EOF
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