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c环境下Json字符串的解析
对于Json字符串,最常见的方式就是一个一个的键值对被一个大的Obect包裹着,但是往往由于实际项目需要json字符串不可能保持最简单的形式来进行数据传输。
以最近一个小项目为例:
从手机客户端组织数据,形成Json字符串的主要形式有如下几种:
1. char *xjson = "[{\"TotalNum\":123},{\"Tvstate\":2},{\"ProgrameId\":014000789},{\"request\":1004}]";
2.char *xjson = "{\"TotalNum\":\"123\",\"name\":\"mao\",\"request\":1004}";
3.char *xjson = "{\"ToIndex\":\"99\",\"FromIndex\":\"0\",\"request\":\"0\"}";
4.char *xjson = "{\"array\":[{\"TotalNum\": 123,\"Tvstate\": \"2\"}],\"request\": 44}";
5.char *xjson = "{\"array\":[{\"TotalNum\": 123},{\"Tvstate\": \"2\"}],\"request\": \"44\"}";
6.char *xjson = "{\"TvSate\":0,\"FavMark\":64,\"FavGroupId\":\"\",\"array\":[{\"ProgrameId\": \"4334\"},{\"ProgrameId\":4334}],\"TotalNum\":3,\"request\":1004}";
7.char *xjson = "{\"array\":[{\"data\":\"M040\"},{\"uuid\":\"860806027379485-38:BC:1A:87:E0:26\"}],\"request\":\"998\"}";
8.char *xjson = "{\"request\":1004}";
需要在机顶盒端接收到手机客户端发送过来的json字符串数据,并且将其解析出来存放到各自对应的已经实现定义好的结构体中。
大致的过程就是:
APK -------发送Json字符串给------>服务器端------解析json字符串到------>C结构体
那么具体的需求就是:
在服务器端的解析函数必须能够适配解析不同的json字符串。在不知道每一个json字符串的键值对的情况下,取出该json字符串的键值,存放在c结构体中,并且将这些结构体以链表的形式存放在内存中。
在c语言环境下有一个开源的cJSON库,其中封装好了一些列对json数据进行操作的函数。
cJSON结构体定义如下:
typedefstruct cJSON {
structcJSON *next,*prev;
struct cJSON *child;
int type;
char * valuestring;
int valueint;
double valuedouble;
char *string;
}cJSON;
其中type取值共有7中,分别是:
#define cJSON_False 0
#define cJSON_True 1
#define cJSON_NULL 2
#define cJSON_Number 3
#define cJSON_String 4
#define cJSON_Array 5
#define cJSON_Object 6
考虑到我们在客户端组织起来的json字符串主要由Number、String、Array、Object组成,因此采用多重嵌套swicth进行解析。当然也可以使用递归进行解析,但是由于递归在项目开发中特别是嵌入式开发中一般不建议使用,所以这次并没有采用递归的方法进行解析。
具体的解析代码
其中涉及到的主要函数为:
解析的入口函数:parse_cjson_to_json_root()
解析子json结构体为Array的函数:parse_json_sub_type_array();
解析子json结构体为Object的函数:parse_json_sub_type_object();
解析子json结构体为Number和String的函数:parse_json_sub_type_others();
主要代码如下:
- <pre name="code" class="html">#include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "usifext.h"
- #include "json_parser.h"
- #include "cJSON.h"
- #include "gs_os.h"
-
- void parse_json_sub_type_others(cJSON** psub, json_node_info** tag_node, json_root_info** proot_node, json_node_info** tag_point,
- json_attr_info** tag_attr_node, int type)
- {
-
- int text_int = 0;
- char *text_string = "";
-
- (*tag_node) = (json_node_info *)malloc(sizeof(json_node_info));
- memset((*tag_node)->tag_name, 0, sizeof((*tag_node)->tag_name));
- memset((*tag_node)->tag_text, 0, sizeof((*tag_node)->tag_text));
-
- char *tag = (*psub)->string;
-
- if (cJSON_Number == type)
- {
- text_int = (*psub)->valueint;
- }
- else
- {
- text_string = (*psub)->valuestring;
- }
-
- if (strcmp(tag, JSON_HEADER_CONTROL_TAG) != 0)
- {
- strcpy((*tag_node)->tag_name, tag);
- if (cJSON_Number == type)
- {
- ITOA((*tag_node)->tag_text, text_int);
- }
- else
- {
- strcpy((*tag_node)->tag_text, text_string);
- }
- (*tag_node)->next = NULL;
-
- if ((*proot_node)->next == NULL)
- {
- (*proot_node)->next = (*tag_node);
- (*tag_point) = (*tag_node);
- }
- else
- {
- (*tag_point)->next = (*tag_node);
- (*tag_point) = (*tag_node);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- (*tag_attr_node) = (json_attr_info*)malloc(sizeof(json_attr_info));
- memset((*tag_attr_node)->name, 0, sizeof((*tag_attr_node)->name));
- memset((*tag_attr_node)->value, 0, sizeof((*tag_attr_node)->value));
- strcpy((*tag_attr_node)->name, tag);
-
- if (cJSON_Number == type)
- {
- ITOA((*tag_attr_node)->value, text_int);
- }
- else
- {
- strcpy((*tag_attr_node)->value, text_string);
- }
- (*proot_node)->attr_list = (*tag_attr_node);
-
- }
-
- }
-
- void parse_json_sub_type_array(cJSON** psub, json_node_info** tag_node, json_root_info** proot_node, json_node_info** tag_point,
- json_attr_info** tag_attr_node)
- {
-
- int j = 0;
- for (j = 0; j < cJSON_GetArraySize((*psub)); j++)
- {
- cJSON *psub_sub = cJSON_GetArrayItem((*psub), j);
-
- if (psub_sub->type == cJSON_Object)
- {
- parse_json_sub_type_obj(&psub_sub, tag_node, proot_node, tag_point, tag_attr_node);
- }
- }
-
- }
-
- void parse_json_sub_type_obj(cJSON** psub, json_node_info** tag_node, json_root_info** proot_node, json_node_info** tag_point,
- json_attr_info** tag_attr_node)
- {
-
- int j = 0;
- for (j = 0; j < cJSON_GetArraySize((*psub)); j++)
- {
- cJSON *psub_sub = cJSON_GetArrayItem((*psub), j);
- parse_json_sub_type_others(&psub_sub, tag_node, proot_node, tag_point, tag_attr_node, psub_sub->type);
- }
-
- }
-
- int parse_cjson_to_json_root(cJSON *pjson, json_root_info *proot_node)
- {
- int i = 0;
- int size = 0;
-
- json_node_info* tag_node;
- json_attr_info* tag_attr_node;
- json_node_info* tag_point = NULL;
-
- if (NULL == proot_node)
- {
- return -1;
- }
-
- if (NULL == pjson)
- {
- return -1;
- }
-
- (proot_node)->next = NULL;
- size = cJSON_GetArraySize(pjson);
- for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
- {
- cJSON *psub = cJSON_GetArrayItem(pjson, i);
- switch (psub->type)
- {
- case cJSON_Array:
- parse_json_sub_type_array(&psub, &tag_node, &proot_node, &tag_point, &tag_attr_node);
- break;
- case cJSON_Object:
- parse_json_sub_type_obj(&psub, &tag_node, &proot_node, &tag_point, &tag_attr_node);
- break;
- case cJSON_String:
- case cJSON_Number:
- parse_json_sub_type_others(&psub, &tag_node, &proot_node, &tag_point, &tag_attr_node, psub->type);
- break;
- default:
- return -1;
- }
-
- }
- return 0;
- }
其中涉及到一些自定义的函数, ITOA、GSOS_MALLOC().
- int ITOA(char * str, unsigned long val)
- {
- char *p;
- char *first_dig;
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>char temp;
- unsigned t_val;
- int len = 0;
- p = str;
- first_dig = p;
-
-
- do
- {
- t_val = (unsigned)(val % 0x0a);
- val /= 0x0a;
- *p++ = (char)(t_val + '0');
- len++;
- }
- while (val > 0);
- *p-- = '\0';
- do
- {
- temp = *p;
- *p = *first_dig;
- *first_dig = temp;
- --p;
- ++first_dig;
- }
- while (first_dig < p);
- return len;
- }
-
</pre><pre name="code" class="html">采用递归的方式更加简单,主要函数和代码如下:
int parse_json(cJSON * pJson,xml_root_info *proot_node) { xml_node_info* tag_node; xml_attr_info* tag_attr_node; xml_node_info* tag_point = NULL; tag_node = (xml_node_info *) malloc(sizeof(xml_node_info)); memset(tag_node->tag_name,0,sizeof(tag_node->tag_name)); memset(tag_node->tag_text,0,sizeof(tag_node->tag_text)); tag_attr_node = (xml_attr_info*) malloc(sizeof(xml_attr_info)); memset(tag_attr_node->name,0,sizeof(tag_attr_node->name)); memset(tag_attr_node->value,0,sizeof(tag_attr_node->value)); tag_point = (xml_node_info *) malloc(sizeof(xml_node_info)); if(NULL == pJson) { return -1; } printf(" pJson->type :%d\n", pJson->type); switch(pJson->type) { case cJSON_False : { char *value_string = pJson->string; int value_int = pJson->valueint; strcpy(tag_node->tag_name, value_string); //ITOA(tag_attr_node->value, value_int); } break; case cJSON_True : { char *value_string = pJson->string; int value_int = pJson->valueint; strcpy(tag_node->tag_name, value_string); //ITOA(tag_attr_node->value, value_int); } break; case cJSON_NULL : { printf("%s : NULL\n", pJson->string); } break; case cJSON_Number : { char *value_string = pJson->string; int value_int = pJson->valueint; if(strcmp(value_string, "request") != 0) { strcpy(tag_node->tag_name, value_string); itoa(value_int, tag_node->tag_text, 10); tag_node->next = NULL; if(count == 0) { proot_node->next = tag_node; tag_point = tag_node; count++; } else { tag_point = (proot_node)->next; while(NULL != tag_point->next) { printf("up循环遍历里面\n"); tag_point = tag_point->next; printf("down循环遍历里面\n"); } tag_point->next = tag_node; tag_point = tag_node; } } else { strcpy(tag_attr_node->name, value_string); itoa(value_int, tag_attr_node->value, 10); proot_node->attr_list = tag_attr_node; //proot_node->next=NULL; } } break; case cJSON_String : { char *value_string = pJson->string; char *pJsonString = pJson->valuestring; if(strcmp(value_string, "request") != 0) { strcpy(tag_node->tag_name, value_string); strcpy(tag_node->tag_text, pJsonString); tag_node->next = NULL; if(count == 0) { proot_node->next = tag_node; tag_point = tag_node; count++; printf("count_01:%d\n", count); } else { tag_point = (proot_node)->next; while(NULL != tag_point->next) { printf("up循环遍历里面\n"); tag_point = tag_point->next; printf("down循环遍历里面\n"); } tag_point->next = tag_node; tag_point = tag_node; } } else { strcpy(tag_attr_node->name, value_string); strcpy(tag_attr_node->value, pJsonString); proot_node->attr_list = tag_attr_node; } } break; case cJSON_Array : case cJSON_Object : { int iSize = cJSON_GetArraySize(pJson); int i = 0; printf("%s\n", NULL == pJson->string ? "" : pJson->string); for(i = 0; i < iSize; i++) { cJSON * pSub = cJSON_GetArrayItem(pJson, i); parse_json(pSub, proot_node); } } break; default : return -1; break; } }
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