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本文来写个详细的例子来说下dubbo+nacos+springboot
开发实战。本文不会讲述太多的理论的知识,会写一个最简单的例子来说明dubbo如何与nacos整合,快速搭建开发环境。
文章目录
dubbo简介
dubbo核心节点之间的调用关系
节点说明
调用关系说明
服务容器负责启动,加载,运行服务提供者。
服务提供者在启动时,向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。
服务消费者在启动时,向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务。
注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。
服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。
服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。
Nacos环境准备
启动nacos,本文使用的是nacos1.4.3版本
打开nacos的控制面板
Nacos与dubbo整合
为了方便大家理解,这里写出对应的生产方、消费方 Demo 代码,以及使用的注册中心。
springboot,netflix和cloud alibaba之间有版本之间的对应关系,本文选择的版本如下
dubbo和cloud alibaba之间有版本之间的对应关系,本文选择的版本如下
为了后续方便使用SpringCloud Alibaba
进行开发,首先创建一个pom类型的父项目,主要用于项目技术栈版本管理,创建一个maven项目,名称为spring-cloud-alibaba-example
,去除src文件,修改pom文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-example</artifactId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
- </parent>
-
- <packaging>pom</packaging>
-
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
- <com-alibaba-cloud.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</com-alibaba-cloud.version>
- </properties>
-
- <!--对项目版本进行管理-->
- <dependencyManagement>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
- <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
- <type>pom</type>
- <scope>import</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
- <version>${com-alibaba-cloud.version}</version>
- <type>pom</type>
- <scope>import</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </dependencyManagement>
- </project>
后续创建的项目都放到此目录下,只需要声明groupId和artifactId,会自动引用父项目spring-cloud-alibaba-example
的版本。与其说是父项目,不如说是根项目: 因为下面每学习一个新的技术,就会新建一个真正的父项目,而在对应的父项目下面又会创建许多的子项目
本文的案例是在上文nacos开发实例的基础之上继续编写的。下面开始创建我们的项目,贴上我的目录结构。
模块说明
public-api
公共接口模块(接口),供服务消费者和服务提供者调用。
dubbo-provider
服务提供者模块(接口实现类),引入了public-api
模块
dubbo-consumer
服务消费者模块(controller
),引入了public-api
模块
消费者和提供者通过公共接口模块进行rpc远程调用
父工程pom文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <parent>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-example</artifactId>
- <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- </parent>
-
- <modules>
- <module>public-api</module>
- <module>dubbo-provider</module>
- <module>dubbo-consumer</module>
- </modules>
-
- <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
- <name>dubbo-nacos-example</name>
- <description>duboo与nacos整合的父工程</description>
- <packaging>pom</packaging>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
- <dubbo.version>2.7.13</dubbo.version>
- <nacos.version>1.4.1</nacos.version>
- </properties>
-
-
- <dependencies>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
- <!--解决nacos-client2.0报错的问题-->
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
-
-
- <!--dubbo相关-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
- <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
- <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
- <artifactId>dubbo-registry-nacos</artifactId>
- <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
- <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
- <version>${nacos.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <!-- 解决dubbo2.7.13jar包冲突问题-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.spring</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
- <version>1.0.11</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
- <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
- <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
-
- </dependencies>
-
- </project>
创建公共接口模块
pom文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <parent>
- <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
- <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- </parent>
-
- <artifactId>public-api</artifactId>
- <name>public-api</name>
- <description>api公用接口</description>
- <packaging>jar</packaging>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
- </properties>
-
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
-
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
-
- </project>
公共接口模块里面只有一个接口,没有配置文件,打jar包
- package ah.wideth.api;
-
- /**
- * 让生产者和服务消
- * 费者来使用这个接口
- */
- public interface InfoService {
-
- String getInfo();
- }
创建服务提供者模块
pom文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <parent>
- <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
- <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- </parent>
-
- <artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>
- <name>dubbo-provider</name>
- <description>dubbo的服务提供者模块</description>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
- </properties>
-
- <dependencies>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <!--引入公共接口模块-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
- <artifactId>public-api</artifactId>
- <version>${project.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- </dependencies>
-
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
-
- </project>
application.yml配置文件
- server:
- port: 8180
-
- spring:
- application:
- name: dubbo-provider
-
- dubbo:
- registry:
- address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848 #注册地址
- application:
- name: dubbo-provider #应用名
- protocol:
- name: dubbo #dubbo协议
- port: 20880 #协议端口
- scan:
- base-packages: ah.wideth.impl #扫包范围
- provider:
- timeout: 30000 #超时时间
接口实现类,该类实现了上面我们在公共接口模块创建的接口
- package ah.wideth.impl;
-
- import ah.wideth.api.InfoService;
- import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
-
- // dubbo提供的Service注解,用于声明对外暴露服务
- // Service引入的是org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service包
- @Component
- @DubboService
- public class InfoServiceImpl implements InfoService {
-
- @Override
- public String getInfo() {
-
- return "hello,这里是dubbo-provider模块!";
- }
- }
服务提供者启动类
- package ah.wideth;
-
- import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
-
-
- @EnableDubbo
- @EnableDiscoveryClient
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class DubboProviderApplication {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- SpringApplication.run(DubboProviderApplication.class, args);
- System.out.println("dubbo服务提供者8180启动了");
- }
-
- }
创建服务消费者模块
pom文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
- <parent>
- <artifactId>dubbo-nacos-example</artifactId>
- <groupId>ah.wideth</groupId>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- </parent>
-
- <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>
- <name>dubbo-consumer</name>
- <description>dubbo的服务消费者模块</description>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
- </properties>
-
- <dependencies>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <!--引入公共接口模块-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
- <artifactId>public-api</artifactId>
- <version>${project.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- </dependencies>
-
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
-
- </build>
- </project>
application.yml配置文件
- server:
- port: 8181
-
- spring:
- application:
- name: dubbo-consumer
-
- dubbo:
- registry:
- address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848 #注册地址
- application:
- name: dubbo-consumer #应用名
- consumer:
- timeout: 30000 #超时时间
controller,调用公共接口模块创建的接口
- package ah.wideth.controller;
-
- import ah.wideth.api.InfoService;
- import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-
- @RestController
- public class InfoController {
-
- //dumbo提供的Reference注解,用于调用远程服务
- @DubboReference(check = false)
- private InfoService infoService;
-
- @GetMapping("/getInfo")
- public String getInfo(){
-
- return infoService.getInfo();
- }
- }
服务消费者启动类
- package ah.wideth;
-
- import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
-
-
- @EnableDubbo
- @EnableDiscoveryClient
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class DubboConsumerApplication {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- SpringApplication.run(DubboConsumerApplication.class, args);
- System.out.println("dubbo服务消费者8181启动了");
- }
-
- }
服务调用测试
打开Nacos控制面板查看注册中心中的服务
启动nacos,启动服务提供者和服务消费者,调用服务消费者的getInfo方法,服务提供者会返回结果
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