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Pyglet图形界面版2048游戏——详尽实现教程（上）

作者：Cpp五条 | 2024-05-17 23:39:28

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Pyglet图形界面版2048游戏——详尽实现教程（上）

目录

Pyglet图形界面版2048游戏

一、色块展示

二、绘制标题

三、方阵色块

四、界面布局

五、键鼠操作

Pyglet图形界面版2048游戏

一、色块展示

准备好游戏数字的背景颜色，如以下12种：

COLOR = ((206, 194, 180, 255), (237, 229, 218, 255), (237, 220, 190, 255),
                  (241, 176, 120, 255), (247, 146, 90, 255), (245, 118, 86, 255),
                  (247, 83, 44, 255), (237, 206, 115, 255), (229, 210, 82, 255),
                  (208, 164, 13, 255), (230, 180, 5, 255), (160, 134, 117, 255))

这些颜色用于pyglet.shapes.Rectangle()绘制方块，用法：

Rectangle(x, y, width, height, color=(255, 255, 255, 255), batch=None, group=None)

示例代码： 

  1. import pyglet
  2.  
  3. window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 600, caption='色块展示')
  4.  
  5. COLOR = ((206, 194, 180), (237, 229, 218), (237, 220, 190), (241, 176, 120),
  6.         (247, 146, 90), (245, 118, 86), (247, 83, 44), (237, 206, 115),
  7.         (229, 210, 82), (208, 164, 13), (230, 180, 5), (160, 134, 117))
  8.  
  9. batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
  10. shape = [pyglet.shapes.Rectangle(180+i%4*120, 120+i//4*120, 100, 100, color=COLOR[i], batch=batch) for i in range(len(COLOR))]
  11.  
  12. @window.event
  13. def on_draw():
  14.     window.clear()
  15.     batch.draw()
  16.  
  17. pyglet.app.run()

运行效果：

二、绘制标题

使用pyglet.text.Label()+pyglet.shapes.Rectangle()绘制标题图片，为美化效果把数字0转过一定角度，属性.rotaion为旋转角度，属性.anchor_position为旋转中心坐标，属性.x和.y为控件坐标，可以对个别控件的位置作出调整。

示例代码：

  1. import pyglet
  2. from pyglet import shapes,text
  3.  
  4. window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 600, caption='2048')
  5. batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
  6.  
  7. x, y = 280, 260
  8. width, height = 70, 80
  9. coord = (x, y), (x+120, y), (x+70, y+60), (x+200, y)
  10. color = (230, 182, 71), (220, 112, 82), (245, 112, 88), (248, 160, 88)
  11. label = [text.Label(s,font_name='Arial',font_size=42,bold=True,
  12.                         x=coord[i][0]+width//2, y=coord[i][1]+height//2,
  13.                         anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center',  
  14.                         batch=batch) for i,s in enumerate('2408')]
  15. rectangle = [shapes.Rectangle(coord[i][0], coord[i][1], width, height,
  16.                         color=color[i], batch=batch) for i in range(4)]
  17. rectangle[2].anchor_position = (15, 15)
  18. rectangle[2].rotation = 30
  19. label[2].rotation = 30
  20. label[2].x += 10
  21. label[2].y -= 25
  22.  
  23. @window.event
  24. def on_draw():
  25.     window.clear()
  26.     batch.draw()
  27.  
  28. pyglet.app.run()

运行效果： 

三、方阵色块

方阵色块和数字设置成一个类class Game2048，从2阶到9阶，数字色块的背景随数字的变化而变化，色块和数字也使用 Rectangle 和 Label 绘制。

self.shapes = []
self.labels = []
for i in range(order**2):
       x, y = i%order*(size+margin)+38, i//order*(size+margin)+38
       index = randint(0, min(self.index, len(COLOR)-1))
       self.shapes.append(shapes.Rectangle(x,y,size,size,color=COLOR[index],batch=batch))
       self.labels.append(text.Label(str(2**index) if index else '', font_size=font_size,
                    x=x+size//2, y=y+size//2,anchor_x='center', 

                    anchor_y='center',bold=True,batch=batch))

示例代码：

  1. import pyglet
  2. from pyglet import shapes,text
  3. from random import randint
  4.  
  5. window = pyglet.window.Window(600, 600, caption='2048')
  6.  
  7. pyglet.gl.glClearColor(176/255, 196/255, 222/255, 0.6)
  8.  
  9. COLOR = ((206, 194, 180), (237, 229, 218), (237, 220, 190), (241, 176, 120), (247, 146, 90),
  10.          (245, 118, 86), (247, 83, 44), (237, 206, 115), (229, 210, 82), (208, 164, 13),
  11.          (230, 180, 5), (160, 134, 117))
  12.  
  13. batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
  14.  
  15. class Game2048:
  16.     def __init__(self, order=4):
  17.         size = 255,165,120,96,77,65,55,48
  18.         font_size = 128,60,30,24,21,16,12,11
  19.         size = size[order-2]
  20.         font_size = font_size[order-2]
  21.         margin = 14 if order<5 else 12
  22.         self.order = order
  23.         self.index = order+7 if order>3 else (4 if order==2 else 7)
  24.         self.shape = shapes.Rectangle(20, 20, 560, 560, color=(190,176,160), batch=batch)
  25.         self.shapes = []
  26.         self.labels = []
  27.         for i in range(order**2):
  28.             x, y = i%order*(size+margin)+38, i//order*(size+margin)+38
  29.             index = randint(0, min(self.index, len(COLOR)-1))
  30.             self.shapes.append(shapes.Rectangle(x,y,size,size,color=COLOR[index],batch=batch))
  31.             self.labels.append(text.Label(str(2**index) if index else '', font_size=font_size,
  32.                     x=x+size//2, y=y+size//2,anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center',bold=True,batch=batch))
  33.  
  34. @window.event
  35. def on_draw():
  36.     window.clear()
  37.     batch.draw()
  38.  
  39. @window.event
  40. def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers):
  41.     global box
  42.     order = symbol - 48 if symbol<100 else symbol - 65456
  43.     if order in range(2,10):
  44.         game = Game2048(order)
  45.  
  46. box = Boxes(5)
  47. pyglet.app.run()

运行效果：可以用键盘操作，数字2~9分别对应方阵的2~9阶。

四、界面布局

把以上内容结合到一起成为游戏的主界面，在屏幕中央显示标题图以及提示语，任意键后显示标题移到界面左上方，色块盘则显示在界面下方。另外，使用pyglet.clock.schedule_interval()切换提示语的可见性，产生动画效果：

def switch_visible(event):
    any_key_label.visible = not any_key_label.visible

pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(switch_visible, 0.5)

完整示例代码：

  1. import pyglet
  2. from pyglet import shapes,text
  3. from random import randint
  4.  
  5. window = pyglet.window.Window(600, 800, caption='2048')
  6.  
  7. pyglet.gl.glClearColor(176/255, 196/255, 222/255, 0.6)
  8.  
  9. COLOR = ((206, 194, 180), (237, 229, 218), (237, 220, 190), (241, 176, 120), (247, 146, 90),
  10.          (245, 118, 86), (247, 83, 44), (237, 206, 115), (229, 210, 82), (208, 164, 13),
  11.          (230, 180, 5), (160, 134, 117))
  12.  
  13. batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
  14. group = pyglet.graphics.Group()
  15.  
  16. def title2048(x=170, y=450):
  17.     global label,rectangle
  18.     width, height = 70, 80
  19.     coord = (x, y), (x+width*2-20, y), (x+width, y+height), (x+width*3-10, y)
  20.     color = (230, 182, 71), (220, 112, 82), (245, 112, 88), (248, 160, 88)
  21.     label = [text.Label(s, font_name='Arial', font_size=42, bold=True, batch=batch, group=group,
  22.                     x=coord[i][0]+width//2, y=coord[i][1]+height//2, anchor_x='center',
  23.                     anchor_y='center') for i,s in enumerate('2408')]
  24.     rect = lambda i:(coord[i][0], coord[i][1], width, height)
  25.     rectangle = [shapes.Rectangle(*rect(i), color=color[i], batch=batch, group=group) for i in range(4)]
  26.     rectangle[2].anchor_position = (15, 15)
  27.     rectangle[2].rotation = 30
  28.     label[2].rotation = 30
  29.     label[2].x += 10
  30.     label[2].y -= 25
  31.  
  32. class Game2048:
  33.     def __init__(self, order=4):
  34.         size = 255,165,120,96,77,65,55,48
  35.         font_size = 128,60,30,24,21,16,12,11
  36.         size = size[order-2]
  37.         font_size = font_size[order-2]
  38.         margin = 14 if order<5 else 12
  39.         self.order = order
  40.         self.index = order+7 if order>3 else (4 if order==2 else 7)
  41.         self.shape = shapes.Rectangle(20, 20, 560, 560, color=(190, 176, 160), batch=batch)
  42.         self.shapes = []
  43.         self.labels = []
  44.         for i in range(order**2):
  45.             x, y = i%order*(size+margin)+38, i//order*(size+margin)+38
  46.             index = randint(0, min(self.index, len(COLOR)-1))
  47.             rect = x, y, size, size
  48.             self.shapes.append(shapes.Rectangle(*rect, color=COLOR[index], batch=batch))
  49.             text = str(2**index) if index else ''
  50.             self.labels.append(text.Label(text, font_size=font_size, x=x+size//2, y=y+size//2,
  51.                     anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', bold=True, batch=batch))
  52.  
  53. any_key = True
  54. any_key_label = text.Label("any key to start ......", x=window.width//2, y=window.height//2,
  55.                     font_size=24, anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center')
  56.  
  57. @window.event
  58. def on_draw():
  59.     window.clear()
  60.     batch.draw()
  61.     if any_key:
  62.         any_key_label.draw()
  63.  
  64. @window.event
  65. def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers):
  66.     global any_key, game
  67.     if any_key:
  68.         any_key = False
  69.         title2048(20, 630)
  70.         game = Game2048(5)
  71.         return
  72.     order = symbol - 48 if symbol<100 else symbol - 65456
  73.     if order in range(2,10):
  74.         game = Game2048(order) 
  75.  
  76. @window.event
  77. def on_mouse_press(x, y, button, modifier):
  78.     if any_key:
  79.         on_key_press(0, 0)
  80.  
  81. def switch_visible(event):
  82.     any_key_label.visible = not any_key_label.visible
  83.  
  84. if any_key:
  85.     pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(switch_visible, 0.5)
  86.  
  87. title2048()
  88. pyglet.app.run()

运行效果：

五、键鼠操作

增加上下左右方向的键盘操作，左手操作也可以用ASDW四个字符键；鼠标操作则检测在色块盘的位置，如下图所示，对角线分割出的四个区域分别分表上下左右。四个区域由y=x,y=-x+600两条直线方程所分割，并且满足20<x,y<580即可。测试用控件放在class Game2048类里：

        '''以下控件测试用'''

        self.line1 = shapes.Line(20, 20, 580, 580, width=4, color=(255, 0, 0), batch=batch)
        self.line2 = shapes.Line(20, 580, 580, 20, width=4, color=(255, 0, 0), batch=batch)
        self.box = shapes.Box(18, 18, 564, 564, thickness=4, color=(255, 0, 0), batch=batch)
        self.text = text.Label("", x=450, y=650, font_size=24, color=(250, 0, 0, 255),
                    anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', bold=True, batch=batch)

键盘操作：

@window.event
def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers):
    if symbol in (key.A, key.LEFT):
        move_test('left')
    elif symbol in (key.D, key.RIGHT):
        move_test('right')
    elif symbol in (key.W, key.UP):
        move_test('up')
    elif symbol in (key.S, key.DOWN):
        move_test('down')

鼠标操作：

@window.event
def on_mouse_press(x, y, button, modifier):
    if any_key:
        on_key_press(0, 0)
    if direction == 'left':
        move_test('left')
    elif direction == 'right':
        move_test('right')
    elif direction == 'up':
        move_test('up')
    elif direction == 'down':
        move_test('down')

@window.event
def on_mouse_motion(x, y, dx, dy):
    global direction
    if 20<x<y<580 and x+y<600:
        direction = 'left'
    elif 20<y<x<580 and x+y>600:
        direction = 'right'
    elif 20<x<y<580 and x+y>600:
        direction = 'up'
    elif 20<y<x<580 and x+y<600:
        direction = 'down'
    else:
        direction = None

完整代码：

  1. import pyglet
  2. from pyglet import shapes,text
  3. from pyglet.window import key
  4. from random import randint
  5.  
  6. window = pyglet.window.Window(600, 800, caption='2048')
  7.  
  8. pyglet.gl.glClearColor(176/255, 196/255, 222/255, 0.6)
  9.  
  10. COLOR = ((206, 194, 180), (237, 229, 218), (237, 220, 190), (241, 176, 120), (247, 146, 90),
  11.          (245, 118, 86), (247, 83, 44), (237, 206, 115), (229, 210, 82), (208, 164, 13),
  12.          (230, 180, 5), (160, 134, 117))
  13.  
  14. batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
  15. group = pyglet.graphics.Group()
  16.  
  17. def title2048(x=170, y=450):
  18.     global label,rectangle
  19.     width, height = 70, 80
  20.     coord = (x, y), (x+width*2-20, y), (x+width, y+height), (x+width*3-10, y)
  21.     color = (230, 182, 71), (220, 112, 82), (245, 112, 88), (248, 160, 88)
  22.     label = [text.Label(s, font_name='Arial', font_size=42, bold=True, batch=batch, group=group,
  23.                     x=coord[i][0]+width//2, y=coord[i][1]+height//2, anchor_x='center',
  24.                     anchor_y='center') for i,s in enumerate('2408')]
  25.     rect = lambda i:(coord[i][0], coord[i][1], width, height)
  26.     rectangle = [shapes.Rectangle(*rect(i), color=color[i], batch=batch, group=group) for i in range(4)]
  27.     rectangle[2].anchor_position = (15, 15)
  28.     rectangle[2].rotation = 30
  29.     label[2].rotation = 30
  30.     label[2].x += 10
  31.     label[2].y -= 25
  32.  
  33. class Game2048:
  34.     def __init__(self, order=4):
  35.         size = 255,165,120,96,77,65,55,48
  36.         font_size = 128,60,30,24,21,16,12,11
  37.         size = size[order-2]
  38.         font_size = font_size[order-2]
  39.         margin = 14 if order<5 else 12
  40.         self.order = order
  41.         self.index = order+7 if order>3 else (4 if order==2 else 7)
  42.         self.shape = shapes.Rectangle(20, 20, 560, 560, color=(190, 176, 160), batch=batch)
  43.         self.shapes = []
  44.         self.labels = []
  45.         for i in range(order**2):
  46.             x, y = i%order*(size+margin)+38, i//order*(size+margin)+38
  47.             index = randint(0, min(self.index, len(COLOR)-1))
  48.             rect = x, y, size, size
  49.             self.shapes.append(shapes.Rectangle(*rect, color=COLOR[index], batch=batch))
  50.             txt = str(2**index) if index else ''
  51.             self.labels.append(text.Label(txt, font_size=font_size, x=x+size//2, y=y+size//2,
  52.                     anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', bold=True, batch=batch))
  53.         '''以下控件测试用'''
  54.         self.line1 = shapes.Line(20, 20, 580, 580, width=4, color=(255, 0, 0), batch=batch)
  55.         self.line2 = shapes.Line(20, 580, 580, 20, width=4, color=(255, 0, 0), batch=batch)
  56.         self.box = shapes.Box(18, 18, 564, 564, thickness=4, color=(255, 0, 0), batch=batch)
  57.         self.text = text.Label("", x=450, y=650, font_size=24, color=(250, 0, 0, 255),
  58.                     anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', bold=True, batch=batch)
  59.  
  60. any_key = True
  61. any_key_label = text.Label("any key to start ......", x=window.width//2, y=window.height//2,
  62.                     font_size=24, anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center')
  63.  
  64. @window.event
  65. def on_draw():
  66.     window.clear()
  67.     batch.draw()
  68.     if any_key:
  69.         any_key_label.draw()
  70.  
  71. def move_test(direction):
  72.     global game
  73.     game.text.text = direction.title()
  74.  
  75. @window.event
  76. def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers):
  77.     global any_key, game, direction
  78.     if any_key:
  79.         any_key = False
  80.         title2048(20, 630)
  81.         game = Game2048(5)
  82.         return
  83.     order = symbol - 48 if symbol<100 else symbol - 65456
  84.     if order in range(2,10):
  85.         game = Game2048(order)
  86.     if symbol in (key.A, key.LEFT):
  87.         move_test('left')
  88.     elif symbol in (key.D, key.RIGHT):
  89.         move_test('right')
  90.     elif symbol in (key.W, key.UP):
  91.         move_test('up')
  92.     elif symbol in (key.S, key.DOWN):
  93.         move_test('down')
  94.  
  95. direction = None
  96.  
  97. @window.event
  98. def on_mouse_press(x, y, button, modifier):
  99.     if any_key:
  100.         on_key_press(0, 0)
  101.     if direction == 'left':
  102.         move_test('left')
  103.     elif direction == 'right':
  104.         move_test('right')
  105.     elif direction == 'up':
  106.         move_test('up')
  107.     elif direction == 'down':
  108.         move_test('down')
  109.  
  110. @window.event
  111. def on_mouse_motion(x, y, dx, dy):
  112.     global direction
  113.     if 20<x<y<580 and x+y<600:
  114.         direction = 'left'
  115.     elif 20<y<x<580 and x+y>600:
  116.         direction = 'right'
  117.     elif 20<x<y<580 and x+y>600:
  118.         direction = 'up'
  119.     elif 20<y<x<580 and x+y<600:
  120.         direction = 'down'
  121.     else:
  122.         direction = None
  123.  
  124. def switch_visible(event):
  125.     any_key_label.visible = not any_key_label.visible
  126.  
  127. if any_key:
  128.     pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(switch_visible, 0.5)
  129.  
  130. title2048()
  131. pyglet.app.run()

待续......

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