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最新版本的RabbitMQ有四种交换机类型,分别是Direct exchange、Fanout exchange、Topic exchange、Headers exchange。本文用SpringBoot工程具体介绍四种交换机的使用。
需要将一个队列绑定到交换机上,要求该消息与一个特定的路由键完全匹配。
@Bean DirectExchange directExchange(){ return new DirectExchange("direct_change"); } @Bean Queue queue1(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Queue queue2(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME2,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Binding binding(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1()).to(directExchange()).with("a"); } @Bean Binding binding2(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue2()).to(directExchange()).with("b"); }
发送到交换机的消息会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上。消息广播。Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的。
@Bean FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){ return new FanoutExchange("fanout_change"); } @Bean Queue queue3(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME3,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Queue queue4(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME4,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Binding binding3(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue3()).to(fanoutExchange()); } @Bean Binding binding4(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue4()).to(fanoutExchange()); }
在路由模式的基础上,支持了对key的通配符匹配(星号以及井号),以满足更加复杂的消息分发场景。。“#” : 匹配一个或者多个
“*”:匹配一个。abc.#会匹配所有abc开头的key
@Bean TopicExchange topicExchange(){ return new TopicExchange("topic_change"); } @Bean Queue queue7(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME7,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Queue queue8(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME8,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Binding binding7(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue7()).to(topicExchange()).with("abc.#"); } @Bean Binding binding8(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue8()).to(topicExchange()).with("#.d"); }
不处理路由键。而是根据发送的消息内容中的headers属性进行匹配。在绑定Queue与Exchange时指定一组键值对;当消息发送到RabbitMQ时会取到该消息的headers与Exchange绑定时指定的键值对进行匹配;如果完全匹配则消息会路由到该队列,否则不会路由到该队列。headers属性是一个键值对,可以是Hashtable,键值对的值可以是任何类型。而fanout,direct,topic 的路由键都需要要字符串形式的。
匹配规则x-match有下列两种类型:
x-match = all :表示所有的键值对都匹配才能接受到消息
x-match = any :表示只要有键值对匹配就能接受到消息
@Bean HeadersExchange headersExchange(){ return new HeadersExchange("head_change"); } @Bean Queue queue5(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME5,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Queue queue6(){ return new Queue(Direct_QUEUE_NAME6,true,false,false,null); } @Bean Binding binding5(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue5()).to(headersExchange()).where("age").matches("12"); } @Bean Binding binding6(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue6()).to(headersExchange()).where("name").matches("luomo");
@SpringBootTest class DemoApplicationTests { @Autowired RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test void contextLoads() { rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("direct_change","a","hello queue1"); rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("direct_change","b","hello queue2"); } @Test void fanoutExchange() { rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("fanout_change","","hello queue"); } @Test void headerExchange() { Message build = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello luomo".getBytes()).setHeader("name", "luomo").build(); rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("head_change","",build); Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello ddd".getBytes()).setHeader("age", "12").build(); rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("head_change","",message); } @Test void topicExchange() { rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("topic_change","abc.d","test"); } }
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