can not be used when making a shared object； recompile with -fPIC_/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libpython3.8.a(capsule

报错信息如下：

      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against symbol `_Py_NotImplementedStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(boolobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against symbol `_Py_FalseStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(bytearrayobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_PyByteArray_empty_string' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(bytesobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_Py_NoneStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(call.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(exceptions.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against symbol `_Py_NoneStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(fileobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_Py_NoneStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(floatobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(frameobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_Py_NoneStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(funcobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(iterobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_Py_NoneStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
      /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(listobject.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_Py_NoneStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
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根据错误提示：recompile with -fPIC可以知道是在编译时的问题，所以查看python源码的 configure文件，发现里面有参数：

  --enable-shared         disable/enable building shared python library
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所以重新编译python：./configure --enable-optimizations --enable-shared

完整命令如下：

# 安装python3.8
RUN yum install -y openssl-devel zlib-devel libffi-devel xz-devel xmlsec1-devel libtool-ltdl-devel && \
    tar xvf Python-3.8.13.tar.xz && cd Python-3.8*/ && ./configure --enable-optimizations --enable-shared && make altinstall && \
    ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.8 /usr/local/bin/python3 && echo "alias python='/usr/local/bin/python3.8'" >> /etc/profile  \
    && echo "/usr/local/lib/" >> /etc/ld.so.conf \
    && ldconfig && yum clean all && rm -rf *
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