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所有命令请查看帮助文档:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息
docker 命令 --help # 万能命令
列出所有容器的仓库来源,标签,ID,创建时间,大小
可选项
Name, shorthand | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
--all , -a | Show all images (default hides intermediate images) | |
--digests | Show digests | |
--filter , -f | Filter output based on conditions provided | |
--format | Pretty-print images using a Go template | |
--no-trunc | Don’t truncate output | |
--quiet , -q | Only show image IDs |
根据名字或标签列出镜像
# docker images 镜像名/标签[:版本]
docker images centos:latest
搜索镜像
docker search mysql
docker search mysql --limit 5
可选项
Name, shorthand | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
--filter , -f | Filter output based on conditions provided | |
--format | Pretty-print search using a Go template | |
--limitr | 25 | Max number of search results |
--no-trunct | Don’t truncate output |
下载镜像
# docker pull 镜像名[:tag] docker pull mysql # 打印如下 Using default tag: latest # 如果不写,tag默认为latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql a10c77af2613: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker images的核心 联合文件系统 b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete 258223f927e4: Pull complete 2d2c75386df9: Pull complete 63e92e4046c9: Pull complete f5845c731544: Pull complete bd0401123a9b: Pull complete 3ef07ec35f1a: Pull complete c93a31315089: Pull complete 3349ed800d44: Pull complete 6d01857ca4c1: Pull complete 4cc13890eda8: Pull complete Digest: sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b # 签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
注意:mac m1没有mysql镜像没使用如下命令即可
docker pull --platform linux/x86_64 mysql
tag是版本号,默认是’latest ',即最新版,可以指定版本下载:
docker pull mysql:5.7
删除镜像,-f表示强制删除
docker rmi -f e6a0117ec169 # 通过ID删除
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id # 删除多个
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 全部删除
有镜像才可以创建容器
先下载一个centos镜像
docker pull centos
运行一个容器
可选参数非常多,下面列出常用的
Name, shorthand | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
--name | 容器名字 | |
--detach , -d | 后台方式运行 | |
--interactive , -i | 交互方式运行 | |
--tty , -t | 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用; | |
--publish , -p | 指定容器端口,主机端口:容器端口,如8080:8080 | |
--publish-all , -P | 随机指定端口 | |
--env , -e | 设置环境变量 | |
--volume , -v | 数据卷挂载 | |
--rm | 退出容器时自动删除,一般测试的时候使用 |
测试运行一个centos
test@testdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4f61dc24a89a /]#
列出容器
docker ps # 列出正在运行的容器
docker ps -a # 列出正在运行的容器和历史运行过的容器
docker ps -n=? # 最近创建的n个容器
docker ps -q # 只显示容器编号
结果如下
test@testdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4f61dc24a89a centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago gifted_tereshkova
1f79c5cbf344 centos "/bin/bash" 4 days ago Exited (255) 47 hours ago centos1
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器id # 强制删除指定容器,可删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id
退出容器
exit # 停止并退出容器
ctrl + p + q # 容器不停止退出
拷贝容器内文件到主机上:
docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径
导出容器的内容留作为一个tar归档文件[对应import命令]
docker export 容器ID > 文件名.tar
如果容器被删除,可以使用import命令进行恢复容器,格式如下:
cat 文件名.tar | docker import - 镜像用户/镜像名:镜像版本号
docker run -d centos
上面这种方式,发现centos停止了运行。因为docker容器使用后台运行,必须有一个前台进程,docker发现,没有应用,就会自动停止。使用docker run -it -d centos,其中 -it就是前台应用。
查看日志
docker logs [options] 容器ID
options:
Name, shorthand | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
--details | Show extra details provided to logs | |
--follow , -f | Follow log output | |
--since | Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) | |
--tail , -n | all | Number of lines to show from the end of the logs |
--timestamps , -t | Show timestamps | |
--until | API 1.35+ Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) |
比如:
docker logs -tf --tail 10 8db2ecb06e9d
查看容器进程信息
docker top 容器ID
查看容器元信息
docker inspect 8db2ecb06e9d # 包含容器信息,如完整ID,挂载,网络信息等 [ { "Id": "8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896", "Created": "2021-11-27T02:32:16.337485884Z", "Path": "/bin/bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 2077, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2021-11-27T02:32:16.526287176Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:e6a0117ec169eda93dc5ca978c6ac87580e36765a66097a6bfb6639a3bd4038a", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896-json.log", "Name": "/optimistic_cerf", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/92c05e645000fce43a6680ce205c154dcb870178d3eb63487dd410802e45fc78/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "8db2ecb06e9d", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": true, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": true, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/bash" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "79ad5f94eea2304ff998a4ed3bbb950778bc62de585e8f35683ff07cc28c67f3", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/79ad5f94eea2", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "e61868a744567379d8e8762c86e8ef358ab687cd228a5983b0977bda8b21661b", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "db82cd6e917deefa753ca81a9334ba4e17f76332ce7121edffab97f65a42c4d7", "EndpointID": "e61868a744567379d8e8762c86e8ef358ab687cd228a5983b0977bda8b21661b", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]
进入当前正在运行容器,比如一些后台运行的容器,进入并修改一些配置
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
也是进入正在运行的容器
docker attach -it 容器id
没有-it选项。与exec区别:exec进入后打开一个新的终端,attach进入容器正在运行的终端,不会启动新的进程。
从容器内拷贝文件到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
拷贝是一个手动过程,后面学习数据卷挂载,可以实现容器内和主机文件同步。
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