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定时任务需求我们经常需要用到。在实现定时任务的场景中,一类是需要考虑到多节点只能由一个节点来执行的场景,这种定时任务需要能够将执行的记录存入到第三方存储中(比如数据库或者redis),实际的开发中是用一些定时任务的框架来完成(如quartz);另一类场景是每一个节点都能够执行的场景,不存在线程抢占的冲突。本文介绍的是适用于第二类场景,我们可以不用引入复杂的第三方框架,只用SpringBoot自带的方式来实现可以随时修改的定时任务。
实现用cron表达式的定时任务,我们可以用CronTrigger来实现,具体示例如下:
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.8</version> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> </dependencies>
task.cron.print-time=0/1 * * * * ?
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootCronApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootCronApplication.class, args);
}
}
@Component @Slf4j @Data @PropertySource("classpath:/task-config.properties") public class CronScheduleTask implements SchedulingConfigurer { @Value("${task.cron.print-time}") private String cron; @Override public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) { // 动态使用cron表达式配置定时任务 taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(() -> log.info(" current time : {}", LocalDateTime.now()), triggerContext -> { // 使用CronTrigger触发器,可以动态的修改cron表达式来操作循环规则 CronTrigger cronTrigger = new CronTrigger(cron); return cronTrigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext); }); } }
@Slf4j @RestController @RequestMapping("/test") @AllArgsConstructor public class ScheduleController { private final CronScheduleTask cronScheduleTask; //private final TimerScheduleTask timerScheduleTask; @GetMapping("/updateCron") public String updateCron(@RequestParam("cron") String cron) { log.info("new cron : {}", cron); cronScheduleTask.setCron(cron); return "ok"; } }
2023-05-13 18:09:44.016 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:09:44.015
2023-05-13 18:09:45.013 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:09:45.013
2023-05-13 18:09:46.005 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:09:46.005
2023-05-13 18:09:47.001 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:09:47.001
我们可以看到,打印定时任务每1s执行一次,接下来我们用浏览器调用以下url,将打印任务设置成每5s执行一次
http://localhost:8080/test/updateCron?cron=0/5%20*%20*%20*%20*%20?
执行结果如下:
2023-05-13 18:12:54.319 INFO 50568 --- [io-8080-exec-10] c.e.s.controller.ScheduleController : new cron : 0/5 * * * * ?
2023-05-13 18:12:54.319 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:12:54.319
2023-05-13 18:12:55.002 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:12:55.002
2023-05-13 18:13:00.006 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:13:00.006
2023-05-13 18:13:05.015 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:13:05.015
2023-05-13 18:13:10.002 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:13:10.002
2023-05-13 18:13:15.008 INFO 50568 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.CronScheduleTask : current time : 2023-05-13T18:13:15.008
从打印结果中我们可以看到,定时任务被成功设置为每5s执行一次。
有时候,我们只需要实现一个每隔一定的时间就执行一次的定时任务,这个时候我们可以借助PeriodicTrigger来实现,PeriodicTrigger参数的单位为毫秒(ms),代码如下:
task.timer.print-time=1000
@Component @Slf4j @Data @PropertySource("classpath:/task-config.properties") public class TimerScheduleTask implements SchedulingConfigurer { @Value("${task.timer.print-time}") private Long timer; @Override public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) { // 动态使用cron表达式配置定时任务 taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(() -> log.info("timer current time : {}", LocalDateTime.now()), triggerContext -> { // 使用循环时间的触发器,可以随意设置循环的时间间隔 PeriodicTrigger periodicTrigger = new PeriodicTrigger(timer); return periodicTrigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext); }); } }
@GetMapping("/updateTimer")
public String updateCron(@RequestParam("timer") Long timer) {
log.info("new timer : {}", timer);
timerScheduleTask.setTimer(timer);
return "ok";
}
2023-05-13 18:21:07.666 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:21:07.666
2023-05-13 18:21:08.681 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:21:08.681
2023-05-13 18:21:09.690 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:21:09.690
2023-05-13 18:21:10.702 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:21:10.702
我们可以看到,打印的定时任务每1s执行一次,接下来我们调用以下的url,修改为每5s执行一次
http://localhost:8080/test/updateTimer?timer=5000
结果如下:
2023-05-13 18:22:56.130 INFO 41852 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.e.s.controller.ScheduleController : new timer : 5000
2023-05-13 18:22:56.139 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:22:56.139
2023-05-13 18:23:01.140 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:23:01.140
2023-05-13 18:23:06.153 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:23:06.153
2023-05-13 18:23:11.154 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:23:11.154
2023-05-13 18:23:16.161 INFO 41852 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.e.s.shcedule.TimerScheduleTask : timer current time : 2023-05-13T18:23:16.161
从执行结果可以看出,定时任务顺利被修改为每5s执行一次
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