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本文对 ffmpeg.c 源码进行学习及剖析。
下面对上述图片进行介绍:
ffmpeg.h 文件内容如下所示:
/*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef FFTOOLS_FFMPEG_H
#define FFTOOLS_FFMPEG_H
#include "config.h"
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "cmdutils.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavformat/avio.h"
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libavfilter/avfilter.h"
#include "libavutil/avutil.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/eval.h"
#include "libavutil/fifo.h"
#include "libavutil/hwcontext.h"
#include "libavutil/pixfmt.h"
#include "libavutil/rational.h"
#include "libavutil/thread.h"
#include "libavutil/threadmessage.h"
#include "libswresample/swresample.h"
#define VSYNC_AUTO -1
#define VSYNC_PASSTHROUGH 0
#define VSYNC_CFR 1
#define VSYNC_VFR 2
#define VSYNC_VSCFR 0xfe
#define VSYNC_DROP 0xff
#define MAX_STREAMS 1024 /* arbitrary sanity check value */
enum HWAccelID {
HWACCEL_NONE = 0,
HWACCEL_AUTO,
HWACCEL_GENERIC,
HWACCEL_VIDEOTOOLBOX,
HWACCEL_QSV,
};
typedef struct HWAccel {
const char *name;
int (*init)(AVCodecContext *s);
enum HWAccelID id;
enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt;
} HWAccel;
typedef struct HWDevice {
const char *name;
enum AVHWDeviceType type;
AVBufferRef *device_ref;
} HWDevice;
/* select an input stream for an output stream */
typedef struct StreamMap {
int disabled; /* 1 is this mapping is disabled by a negative map */
int file_index;
int stream_index;
int sync_file_index;
int sync_stream_index;
char *linklabel; /* name of an output link, for mapping lavfi outputs */
} StreamMap;
typedef struct {
int file_idx, stream_idx, channel_idx; // input
int ofile_idx, ostream_idx; // output
} AudioChannelMap;
typedef struct OptionsContext {
OptionGroup *g;
/* input/output options */
int64_t start_time;
int64_t start_time_eof;
int seek_timestamp;
const char *format;
SpecifierOpt *codec_names;
int nb_codec_names;
SpecifierOpt *audio_channels;
int nb_audio_channels;
SpecifierOpt *audio_sample_rate;
int nb_audio_sample_rate;
SpecifierOpt *frame_rates;
int nb_frame_rates;
SpecifierOpt *frame_sizes;
int nb_frame_sizes;
SpecifierOpt *frame_pix_fmts;
int nb_frame_pix_fmts;
/* input options */
int64_t input_ts_offset;
int loop;
int rate_emu;
int accurate_seek;
int thread_queue_size;
SpecifierOpt *ts_scale;
int nb_ts_scale;
SpecifierOpt *dump_attachment;
int nb_dump_attachment;
SpecifierOpt *hwaccels;
int nb_hwaccels;
SpecifierOpt *hwaccel_devices;
int nb_hwaccel_devices;
SpecifierOpt *hwaccel_output_formats;
int nb_hwaccel_output_formats;
SpecifierOpt *autorotate;
int nb_autorotate;
/* output options */
StreamMap *stream_maps;
int nb_stream_maps;
AudioChannelMap *audio_channel_maps; /* one info entry per -map_channel */
int nb_audio_channel_maps; /* number of (valid) -map_channel settings */
int metadata_global_manual;
int metadata_streams_manual;
int metadata_chapters_manual;
const char **attachments;
int nb_attachments;
int chapters_input_file;
int64_t recording_time;
int64_t stop_time;
uint64_t limit_filesize;
float mux_preload;
float mux_max_delay;
int shortest;
int bitexact;
int video_disable;
int audio_disable;
int subtitle_disable;
int data_disable;
/* indexed by output file stream index */
int *streamid_map;
int nb_streamid_map;
SpecifierOpt *metadata;
int nb_metadata;
SpecifierOpt *max_frames;
int nb_max_frames;
SpecifierOpt *bitstream_filters;
int nb_bitstream_filters;
SpecifierOpt *codec_tags;
int nb_codec_tags;
SpecifierOpt *sample_fmts;
int nb_sample_fmts;
SpecifierOpt *qscale;
int nb_qscale;
SpecifierOpt *forced_key_frames;
int nb_forced_key_frames;
SpecifierOpt *force_fps;
int nb_force_fps;
SpecifierOpt *frame_aspect_ratios;
int nb_frame_aspect_ratios;
SpecifierOpt *rc_overrides;
int nb_rc_overrides;
SpecifierOpt *intra_matrices;
int nb_intra_matrices;
SpecifierOpt *inter_matrices;
int nb_inter_matrices;
SpecifierOpt *chroma_intra_matrices;
int nb_chroma_intra_matrices;
SpecifierOpt *top_field_first;
int nb_top_field_first;
SpecifierOpt *metadata_map;
int nb_metadata_map;
SpecifierOpt *presets;
int nb_presets;
SpecifierOpt *copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
int nb_copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
SpecifierOpt *copy_prior_start;
int nb_copy_prior_start;
SpecifierOpt *filters;
int nb_filters;
SpecifierOpt *filter_scripts;
int nb_filter_scripts;
SpecifierOpt *reinit_filters;
int nb_reinit_filters;
SpecifierOpt *fix_sub_duration;
int nb_fix_sub_duration;
SpecifierOpt *canvas_sizes;
int nb_canvas_sizes;
SpecifierOpt *pass;
int nb_pass;
SpecifierOpt *passlogfiles;
int nb_passlogfiles;
SpecifierOpt *max_muxing_queue_size;
int nb_max_muxing_queue_size;
SpecifierOpt *guess_layout_max;
int nb_guess_layout_max;
SpecifierOpt *apad;
int nb_apad;
SpecifierOpt *discard;
int nb_discard;
SpecifierOpt *disposition;
int nb_disposition;
SpecifierOpt *program;
int nb_program;
SpecifierOpt *time_bases;
int nb_time_bases;
SpecifierOpt *enc_time_bases;
int nb_enc_time_bases;
} OptionsContext;
typedef struct InputFilter {
AVFilterContext *filter;
struct InputStream *ist;
struct FilterGraph *graph;
uint8_t *name;
enum AVMediaType type; // AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE for sub2video
AVFifoBuffer *frame_queue;
// parameters configured for this input
int format;
int width, height;
AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
int sample_rate;
int channels;
uint64_t channel_layout;
AVBufferRef *hw_frames_ctx;
int eof;
} InputFilter;
typedef struct OutputFilter {
AVFilterContext *filter;
struct OutputStream *ost;
struct FilterGraph *graph;
uint8_t *name;
/* temporary storage until stream maps are processed */
AVFilterInOut *out_tmp;
enum AVMediaType type;
/* desired output stream properties */
int width, height;
AVRational frame_rate;
int format;
int sample_rate;
uint64_t channel_layout;
// those are only set if no format is specified and the encoder gives us multiple options
int *formats;
uint64_t *channel_layouts;
int *sample_rates;
} OutputFilter;
typedef struct FilterGraph {
int index;
const char *graph_desc;
AVFilterGraph *graph;
int reconfiguration;
InputFilter **inputs;
int nb_inputs;
OutputFilter **outputs;
int nb_outputs;
} FilterGraph;
typedef struct InputStream {
int file_index;
AVStream *st;
int discard; /* true if stream data should be discarded */
int user_set_discard;
int decoding_needed; /* non zero if the packets must be decoded in 'raw_fifo', see DECODING_FOR_* */
#define DECODING_FOR_OST 1
#define DECODING_FOR_FILTER 2
AVCodecContext *dec_ctx;
AVCodec *dec;
AVFrame *decoded_frame;
AVFrame *filter_frame; /* a ref of decoded_frame, to be sent to filters */
int64_t start; /* time when read started */
/* predicted dts of the next packet read for this stream or (when there are
* several frames in a packet) of the next frame in current packet (in AV_TIME_BASE units) */
int64_t next_dts;
int64_t dts; ///< dts of the last packet read for this stream (in AV_TIME_BASE units)
int64_t next_pts; ///< synthetic pts for the next decode frame (in AV_TIME_BASE units)
int64_t pts; ///< current pts of the decoded frame (in AV_TIME_BASE units)
int wrap_correction_done;
int64_t filter_in_rescale_delta_last;
int64_t min_pts; /* pts with the smallest value in a current stream */
int64_t max_pts; /* pts with the higher value in a current stream */
// when forcing constant input framerate through -r,
// this contains the pts that will be given to the next decoded frame
int64_t cfr_next_pts;
int64_t nb_samples; /* number of samples in the last decoded audio frame before looping */
double ts_scale;
int saw_first_ts;
AVDictionary *decoder_opts;
AVRational framerate; /* framerate forced with -r */
int top_field_first;
int guess_layout_max;
int autorotate;
int fix_sub_duration;
struct { /* previous decoded subtitle and related variables */
int got_output;
int ret;
AVSubtitle subtitle;
} prev_sub;
struct sub2video {
int64_t last_pts;
int64_t end_pts;
AVFifoBuffer *sub_queue; ///< queue of AVSubtitle* before filter init
AVFrame *frame;
int w, h;
unsigned int initialize; ///< marks if sub2video_update should force an initialization
} sub2video;
int dr1;
/* decoded data from this stream goes into all those filters
* currently video and audio only */
InputFilter **filters;
int nb_filters;
int reinit_filters;
/* hwaccel options */
enum HWAccelID hwaccel_id;
enum AVHWDeviceType hwaccel_device_type;
char *hwaccel_device;
enum AVPixelFormat hwaccel_output_format;
/* hwaccel context */
void *hwaccel_ctx;
void (*hwaccel_uninit)(AVCodecContext *s);
int (*hwaccel_get_buffer)(AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame, int flags);
int (*hwaccel_retrieve_data)(AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame);
enum AVPixelFormat hwaccel_pix_fmt;
enum AVPixelFormat hwaccel_retrieved_pix_fmt;
AVBufferRef *hw_frames_ctx;
/* stats */
// combined size of all the packets read
uint64_t data_size;
/* number of packets successfully read for this stream */
uint64_t nb_packets;
// number of frames/samples retrieved from the decoder
uint64_t frames_decoded;
uint64_t samples_decoded;
int64_t *dts_buffer;
int nb_dts_buffer;
int got_output;
} InputStream;
typedef struct InputFile {
AVFormatContext *ctx;
int eof_reached; /* true if eof reached */
int eagain; /* true if last read attempt returned EAGAIN */
int ist_index; /* index of first stream in input_streams */
int loop; /* set number of times input stream should be looped */
int64_t duration; /* actual duration of the longest stream in a file
at the moment when looping happens */
AVRational time_base; /* time base of the duration */
int64_t input_ts_offset;
int64_t ts_offset;
int64_t last_ts;
int64_t start_time; /* user-specified start time in AV_TIME_BASE or AV_NOPTS_VALUE */
int seek_timestamp;
int64_t recording_time;
int nb_streams; /* number of stream that ffmpeg is aware of; may be different
from ctx.nb_streams if new streams appear during av_read_frame() */
int nb_streams_warn; /* number of streams that the user was warned of */
int rate_emu;
int accurate_seek;
#if HAVE_THREADS
AVThreadMessageQueue *in_thread_queue;
pthread_t thread; /* thread reading from this file */
int non_blocking; /* reading packets from the thread should not block */
int joined; /* the thread has been joined */
int thread_queue_size; /* maximum number of queued packets */
#endif
} InputFile;
enum forced_keyframes_const {
FKF_N,
FKF_N_FORCED,
FKF_PREV_FORCED_N,
FKF_PREV_FORCED_T,
FKF_T,
FKF_NB
};
#define ABORT_ON_FLAG_EMPTY_OUTPUT (1 << 0)
#define ABORT_ON_FLAG_EMPTY_OUTPUT_STREAM (1 << 1)
extern const char *const forced_keyframes_const_names[];
typedef enum {
ENCODER_FINISHED = 1,
MUXER_FINISHED = 2,
} OSTFinished ;
typedef struct OutputStream {
int file_index; /* file index */
int index; /* stream index in the output file */
int source_index; /* InputStream index */
AVStream *st; /* stream in the output file */
int encoding_needed; /* true if encoding needed for this stream */
int frame_number;
/* input pts and corresponding output pts
for A/V sync */
struct InputStream *sync_ist; /* input stream to sync against */
int64_t sync_opts; /* output frame counter, could be changed to some true timestamp */ // FIXME look at frame_number
/* pts of the first frame encoded for this stream, used for limiting
* recording time */
int64_t first_pts;
/* dts of the last packet sent to the muxer */
int64_t last_mux_dts;
// the timebase of the packets sent to the muxer
AVRational mux_timebase;
AVRational enc_timebase;
AVBSFContext *bsf_ctx;
AVCodecContext *enc_ctx;
AVCodecParameters *ref_par; /* associated input codec parameters with encoders options applied */
AVCodec *enc;
int64_t max_frames;
AVFrame *filtered_frame;
AVFrame *last_frame;
int last_dropped;
int last_nb0_frames[3];
void *hwaccel_ctx;
/* video only */
AVRational frame_rate;
int is_cfr;
int force_fps;
int top_field_first;
int rotate_overridden;
double rotate_override_value;
AVRational frame_aspect_ratio;
/* forced key frames */
int64_t forced_kf_ref_pts;
int64_t *forced_kf_pts;
int forced_kf_count;
int forced_kf_index;
char *forced_keyframes;
AVExpr *forced_keyframes_pexpr;
double forced_keyframes_expr_const_values[FKF_NB];
/* audio only */
int *audio_channels_map; /* list of the channels id to pick from the source stream */
int audio_channels_mapped; /* number of channels in audio_channels_map */
char *logfile_prefix;
FILE *logfile;
OutputFilter *filter;
char *avfilter;
char *filters; ///< filtergraph associated to the -filter option
char *filters_script; ///< filtergraph script associated to the -filter_script option
AVDictionary *encoder_opts;
AVDictionary *sws_dict;
AVDictionary *swr_opts;
AVDictionary *resample_opts;
char *apad;
OSTFinished finished; /* no more packets should be written for this stream */
int unavailable; /* true if the steram is unavailable (possibly temporarily) */
int stream_copy;
// init_output_stream() has been called for this stream
// The encoder and the bitstream filters have been initialized and the stream
// parameters are set in the AVStream.
int initialized;
int inputs_done;
const char *attachment_filename;
int copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
int copy_prior_start;
char *disposition;
int keep_pix_fmt;
/* stats */
// combined size of all the packets written
uint64_t data_size;
// number of packets send to the muxer
uint64_t packets_written;
// number of frames/samples sent to the encoder
uint64_t frames_encoded;
uint64_t samples_encoded;
/* packet quality factor */
int quality;
int max_muxing_queue_size;
/* the packets are buffered here until the muxer is ready to be initialized */
AVFifoBuffer *muxing_queue;
/* packet picture type */
int pict_type;
/* frame encode sum of squared error values */
int64_t error[4];
} OutputStream;
typedef struct OutputFile {
AVFormatContext *ctx;
AVDictionary *opts;
int ost_index; /* index of the first stream in output_streams */
int64_t recording_time; ///< desired length of the resulting file in microseconds == AV_TIME_BASE units
int64_t start_time; ///< start time in microseconds == AV_TIME_BASE units
uint64_t limit_filesize; /* filesize limit expressed in bytes */
int shortest;
int header_written;
} OutputFile;
extern InputStream **input_streams;
extern int nb_input_streams;
extern InputFile **input_files;
extern int nb_input_files;
extern OutputStream **output_streams;
extern int nb_output_streams;
extern OutputFile **output_files;
extern int nb_output_files;
extern FilterGraph **filtergraphs;
extern int nb_filtergraphs;
extern char *vstats_filename;
extern char *sdp_filename;
extern float audio_drift_threshold;
extern float dts_delta_threshold;
extern float dts_error_threshold;
extern int audio_volume;
extern int audio_sync_method;
extern int video_sync_method;
extern float frame_drop_threshold;
extern int do_benchmark;
extern int do_benchmark_all;
extern int do_deinterlace;
extern int do_hex_dump;
extern int do_pkt_dump;
extern int copy_ts;
extern int start_at_zero;
extern int copy_tb;
extern int debug_ts;
extern int exit_on_error;
extern int abort_on_flags;
extern int print_stats;
extern int qp_hist;
extern int stdin_interaction;
extern int frame_bits_per_raw_sample;
extern AVIOContext *progress_avio;
extern float max_error_rate;
extern char *videotoolbox_pixfmt;
extern int filter_nbthreads;
extern int filter_complex_nbthreads;
extern int vstats_version;
extern const AVIOInterruptCB int_cb;
extern const OptionDef options[];
extern const HWAccel hwaccels[];
#if CONFIG_QSV
extern char *qsv_device;
#endif
extern HWDevice *filter_hw_device;
void term_init(void);
void term_exit(void);
void reset_options(OptionsContext *o, int is_input);
void show_usage(void);
void opt_output_file(void *optctx, const char *filename);
void remove_avoptions(AVDictionary **a, AVDictionary *b);
void assert_avoptions(AVDictionary *m);
int guess_input_channel_layout(InputStream *ist);
enum AVPixelFormat choose_pixel_fmt(AVStream *st, AVCodecContext *avctx, AVCodec *codec, enum AVPixelFormat target);
void choose_sample_fmt(AVStream *st, AVCodec *codec);
int configure_filtergraph(FilterGraph *fg);
int configure_output_filter(FilterGraph *fg, OutputFilter *ofilter, AVFilterInOut *out);
void check_filter_outputs(void);
int ist_in_filtergraph(FilterGraph *fg, InputStream *ist);
int filtergraph_is_simple(FilterGraph *fg);
int init_simple_filtergraph(InputStream *ist, OutputStream *ost);
int init_complex_filtergraph(FilterGraph *fg);
void sub2video_update(InputStream *ist, int64_t heartbeat_pts, AVSubtitle *sub);
int ifilter_parameters_from_frame(InputFilter *ifilter, const AVFrame *frame);
int ffmpeg_parse_options(int argc, char **argv);
int videotoolbox_init(AVCodecContext *s);
int qsv_init(AVCodecContext *s);
HWDevice *hw_device_get_by_name(const char *name);
int hw_device_init_from_string(const char *arg, HWDevice **dev);
void hw_device_free_all(void);
int hw_device_setup_for_decode(InputStream *ist);
int hw_device_setup_for_encode(OutputStream *ost);
int hw_device_setup_for_filter(FilterGraph *fg);
int hwaccel_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx);
int main_ffmpeg431(int argc, char** argv);
#endif /* FFTOOLS_FFMPEG_H */
全局变量与结构体:
输入:
输出:
其中: input_streams 是输入流的数组,nb_input_streams 是输入流的个数。 input_files 是输入文件(也可能是设备)的数组,nb_input_files 是输入文件的个数。下面的输出相关的变量们就不用解释了。
可以看出,文件和流是分别保存的。于是,可以想象,结构 InputStream 中应有其所属的文件在 InputFile 中的序号(file_index) 。输入流数组应是这样填充的:每当在输入文件中找到一个流时,就把它添加到 input_streams 中,所以一个输入文件对应的输入流在 input_streams 中是紧靠着的,于是 InputFile 结构中应有其第一个流在 input_streams 中的开始序号(ist_index)和被放在 input_streams 中的流的总个数(nb_streams)。
在输出流 output_streams 中,除了要保存其所在的输出文件在 output_files 中的序号(index),还应保存其对应的输入流在 input_streams 中的序号( source_index),也应保存其在所属输出文件中的流序号(file_index)。而输出文件中呢,只需保存它的第一个流在 output_streams 中的序号(ost_index)。
流和文件都准备好了,下面就是转换,那么转换过程是怎样的呢?
答:首先打开输入文件们,然后根据输入流们准备并打开解码器们,然后跟据输出流们准备并打开编码器们,然后创建输出文件们,然后为所有输出文件们写好头部,然后就在循环中把输入流转换到输出流并写入输出文件中,转换完后跳出循环,然后写入文件尾,最后关闭所有的输出文件
main 函数如下:
int main_ffmpeg431(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i, ret;
BenchmarkTimeStamps ti;
init_dynload();
register_exit(ffmpeg_cleanup);
setvbuf(stderr,NULL,_IONBF,0); /* win32 runtime needs this */
av_log_set_flags(AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED);
parse_loglevel(argc, argv, options);
if(argc>1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-d")){
run_as_daemon=1;
av_log_set_callback(log_callback_null);
argc--;
argv++;
}
#if CONFIG_AVDEVICE
avdevice_register_all();
#endif
avformat_network_init();
//show_banner(argc, argv, options);
/* parse options and open all input/output files */
ret = ffmpeg_parse_options(argc, argv);
if (ret < 0)
exit_program(1);
if (nb_output_files <= 0 && nb_input_files == 0) {
show_usage();
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man %s'\n", program_name);
exit_program(1);
}
/* file converter / grab */
if (nb_output_files <= 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "At least one output file must be specified\n");
exit_program(1);
}
for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
if (strcmp(output_files[i]->ctx->oformat->name, "rtp"))
want_sdp = 0;
}
current_time = ti = get_benchmark_time_stamps();
if (transcode() < 0)
exit_program(1);
if (do_benchmark) {
int64_t utime, stime, rtime;
current_time = get_benchmark_time_stamps();
utime = current_time.user_usec - ti.user_usec;
stime = current_time.sys_usec - ti.sys_usec;
rtime = current_time.real_usec - ti.real_usec;
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,
"bench: utime=%0.3fs stime=%0.3fs rtime=%0.3fs\n",
utime / 1000000.0, stime / 1000000.0, rtime / 1000000.0);
}
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%"PRIu64" frames successfully decoded, %"PRIu64" decoding errors\n",
decode_error_stat[0], decode_error_stat[1]);
if ((decode_error_stat[0] + decode_error_stat[1]) * max_error_rate < decode_error_stat[1])
exit_program(69);
exit_program(received_nb_signals ? 255 : main_return_code);
return main_return_code;
}
总结起来,分为以下几个步骤:
下面是 ffmpeg_parse_options 的调用关系
ffmpeg -i abc.mp4 -i bbb.avi -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -vf scale=640:480 -f flv -y abc.flv
split_commandline() 负责解析命令行。
/**
* Split the commandline into an intermediate form convenient for further
* processing.
*
* The commandline is assumed to be composed of options which either belong to a
* group (those with OPT_SPEC, OPT_OFFSET or OPT_PERFILE) or are global
* (everything else).
*
* A group (defined by an OptionGroupDef struct) is a sequence of options
* terminated by either a group separator option (e.g. -i) or a parameter that
* is not an option (doesn't start with -). A group without a separator option
* must always be first in the supplied groups list.
*
* All options within the same group are stored in one OptionGroup struct in an
* OptionGroupList, all groups with the same group definition are stored in one
* OptionGroupList in OptionParseContext.groups. The order of group lists is the
* same as the order of group definitions.
*/
int split_commandline(OptionParseContext *octx, int argc, char *argv[],
const OptionDef *options,
const OptionGroupDef *groups, int nb_groups);
解析的结果保存在 OptionParseContext 中。解析时需要参考 OptionDef 和 OptionGroupDef。OptonDef[] 是支持 ffmpeg 的选项列表,OptionGroupDef[] 是支持的组列表,包括输入类和输出类,前者以 -i 开头,加上设备名。后者只有文件名。
下面的类图显示了涉及的类:
split_commandline() 在一个循环中解析命令行,主要涉及如下函数。
函数 | 功能 |
---|---|
find_option() | 查询支持的 option 列表, 检查当前元素是否一个option |
add_option() | 将 option 加入一个临时组。(因为 option 先于 group 出现,还不知道应该加入到哪个组。) |
match_group_separator() | 查询支持的 group 列表,检查当前元素是否是一个 Group |
finish_group() | 设置临时组的参数,并用它填充 OptionParseContext.groups(现在知道应该加入哪个组了) |
parse_optgroup() 负责将 OptionGroup 转换成 OptionsContext。
/**
* Parse an options group and write results into optctx.
*
* @param optctx an app-specific options context. NULL for global options group
*/
int parse_optgroup(void *optctx, OptionGroup *g);
下面的类图显示了涉及的类:
parse_optgroup() 函数遍历 OptonGroup 中的 Option,调用 write_option() 将其写入 OptionsContext。
宏 MATCH_PER_TYPE_OPT() 和 MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT() 用于从 OptionsContext 读值。
#define MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(name, type, outvar, fmtctx, st)\
{\
int i, ret, matches = 0;\
SpecifierOpt *so = NULL;\
for (i = 0; i < o->nb_ ## name; i++) {\
char *spec = o->name[i].specifier;\
if ((ret = check_stream_specifier(fmtctx, st, spec)) > 0) {\
outvar = o->name[i].u.type;\
so = &o->name[i];\
matches++;\
} else if (ret < 0)\
exit_program(1);\
}\
if (matches > 1)\
WARN_MULTIPLE_OPT_USAGE(name, type, so, st);\
}
#define MATCH_PER_TYPE_OPT(name, type, outvar, fmtctx, mediatype)\
{\
int i;\
for (i = 0; i < o->nb_ ## name; i++) {\
char *spec = o->name[i].specifier;\
if (!strcmp(spec, mediatype))\
outvar = o->name[i].u.type;\
}\
}
下图是 avfilter_graph_parse2() 的函数调用关系。
如下是 filters 的一个例子。 它来自 ffmpeg 的文档:https://ffmpeg.org//ffmpeg-filters.html#Filtergraph-description
ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf “split [main][tmp]; [tmp] crop=iw:ih/2:0:0, vflip [flip]; [main][flip] overlay=0:H/2” OUTPUT
对应 FilterGraph 的结构示意图如下。矩形框内是 vf 的内容对应的部分。其中 split 应该导出到 inputs 中,overlay 应该导出到 outputs 中。
描述 vf 的解析过程需要使用一些术语。其中一部分是关于 vf 语法的,另外一部分是关于生成的 FilterGraph 结构的。
上图标出了 vf 语法的术语。
下图是 FilterGraph 的结构图。
avfilter_graph_parse2() 负责解析 vf 选项内容。
/**
* Add a graph described by a string to a graph.
*
* @param[in] graph the filter graph where to link the parsed graph context
* @param[in] filters string to be parsed
* @param[out] inputs a linked list of all free (unlinked) inputs of the
* parsed graph will be returned here. It is to be freed
* by the caller using avfilter_inout_free().
* @param[out] outputs a linked list of all free (unlinked) outputs of the
* parsed graph will be returned here. It is to be freed by the
* caller using avfilter_inout_free().
* @return zero on success, a negative AVERROR code on error
*
* @note This function returns the inputs and outputs that are left
* unlinked after parsing the graph and the caller then deals with
* them.
* @note This function makes no reference whatsoever to already
* existing parts of the graph and the inputs parameter will on return
* contain inputs of the newly parsed part of the graph. Analogously
* the outputs parameter will contain outputs of the newly created
* filters.
*/
int avfilter_graph_parse2(AVFilterGraph *graph, const char *filters,
AVFilterInOut **inputs,
AVFilterInOut **outputs);
输入参数 filters 是 vf 选项内容。输出参数 Inputs 是导出的输入接口,outputs 是 filters 导出的输出接口。
avfilter_graph_parse2() 主要调用四个函数进行解析。
函数 | 功能 |
---|---|
parse_input() | 选取若干 open_outputs,以更新 curr_inputs |
parse_filter() | 解析过滤器 |
link_filter_inouts() | 将新的过滤器连入当前的 curr_inputs,并更新 curr_inputs |
parse_output() | 结束当前的 curr_inputs,加入 open_outputs。 |
下面的类图显示了 FilterGraph 各元素对应的类。
transcode 用于实现媒体文件转码的函数之一。转码是指将一个媒体文件从一种编码格式转换为另一种编码格式的过程。这可以包括视频编解码器、音频编解码器、容器格式或其他媒体属性的更改。
其主要包括以下两个核心函数:
初始化工作:
//transcode_init()函数是在转换前做准备工作的
static int transcode_init(void)
{
int ret = 0, i, j, k;
AVFormatContext *oc;//输出流的编解码器结构
OutputStream *ost; //输出流
InputStream *ist; //输入流
char error[1024] = {0};
for (i = 0; i < nb_filtergraphs; i++) {
FilterGraph *fg = filtergraphs[i];
for (j = 0; j < fg->nb_outputs; j++) {
OutputFilter *ofilter = fg->outputs[j];
if (!ofilter->ost || ofilter->ost->source_index >= 0)
continue;
if (fg->nb_inputs != 1)
continue;
for (k = nb_input_streams-1; k >= 0 ; k--)
if (fg->inputs[0]->ist == input_streams[k])
break;
ofilter->ost->source_index = k;
}
}
/* init framerate emulation */
//初始化帧率仿真(转换时是不按帧率来的,但如果要求帧率仿真,就可以做到)
for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++) {
InputFile *ifile = input_files[i];
//如果一个输入文件被要求帧率仿真(指的是即使是转换也像播放那样按照帧率来进行),则为这个文件中所有流记录下开始时间。
if (ifile->rate_emu)
for (j = 0; j < ifile->nb_streams; j++)
input_streams[j + ifile->ist_index]->start = av_gettime_relative();
}
/* init input streams */
//什么也没做,只是做了个判断而已。
for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++)
if ((ret = init_input_stream(i, error, sizeof(error))) < 0) {
for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
ost = output_streams[i];
avcodec_close(ost->enc_ctx);
}
goto dump_format;
}
/* open each encoder */
//轮循所有输出流,打开每个输出流的编码器
for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
// skip streams fed from filtergraphs until we have a frame for them
if (output_streams[i]->filter)
continue;
ret = init_output_stream(output_streams[i], error, sizeof(error));
if (ret < 0)
goto dump_format;
}
/* discard unused programs */
for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++) {
InputFile *ifile = input_files[i];
for (j = 0; j < ifile->ctx->nb_programs; j++) {
AVProgram *p = ifile->ctx->programs[j];
int discard = AVDISCARD_ALL;
for (k = 0; k < p->nb_stream_indexes; k++)
if (!input_streams[ifile->ist_index + p->stream_index[k]]->discard) {
discard = AVDISCARD_DEFAULT;
break;
}
p->discard = discard;
}
}
/* write headers for files with no streams */
//打开所有输出文件,写入媒体文件头
for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
oc = output_files[i]->ctx;
if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOSTREAMS && oc->nb_streams == 0) {
ret = check_init_output_file(output_files[i], i);
if (ret < 0)
goto dump_format;
}
}
dump_format:
/* dump the stream mapping */
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Stream mapping:\n");
for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
ist = input_streams[i];
for (j = 0; j < ist->nb_filters; j++) {
if (!filtergraph_is_simple(ist->filters[j]->graph)) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " Stream #%d:%d (%s) -> %s",
ist->file_index, ist->st->index, ist->dec ? ist->dec->name : "?",
ist->filters[j]->name);
if (nb_filtergraphs > 1)
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " (graph %d)", ist->filters[j]->graph->index);
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");
}
}
}
for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
ost = output_streams[i];
if (ost->attachment_filename) {
/* an attached file */
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " File %s -> Stream #%d:%d\n",
ost->attachment_filename, ost->file_index, ost->index);
continue;
}
// 复杂过滤器
if (ost->filter && !filtergraph_is_simple(ost->filter->graph)) {
/* output from a complex graph */
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " %s", ost->filter->name);
if (nb_filtergraphs > 1)
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " (graph %d)", ost->filter->graph->index);
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " -> Stream #%d:%d (%s)\n", ost->file_index,
ost->index, ost->enc ? ost->enc->name : "?");
continue;
}
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " Stream #%d:%d -> #%d:%d",
input_streams[ost->source_index]->file_index,
input_streams[ost->source_index]->st->index,
ost->file_index,
ost->index);
if (ost->sync_ist != input_streams[ost->source_index])
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " [sync #%d:%d]",
ost->sync_ist->file_index,
ost->sync_ist->st->index);
//如果只是复制一个流(不用解码后再编码),则把输入流的编码参数直接赋值给输出流
//此时是不需要解码也不需要编码,所以不需打开解码器和编码器
if (ost->stream_copy)
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " (copy)");
else {
const AVCodec *in_codec = input_streams[ost->source_index]->dec;
const AVCodec *out_codec = ost->enc;
const char *decoder_name = "?";
const char *in_codec_name = "?";
const char *encoder_name = "?";
const char *out_codec_name = "?";
const AVCodecDescriptor *desc;
if (in_codec) {
decoder_name = in_codec->name;
desc = avcodec_descriptor_get(in_codec->id);
if (desc)
in_codec_name = desc->name;
if (!strcmp(decoder_name, in_codec_name))
decoder_name = "native";
}
if (out_codec) {
encoder_name = out_codec->name;
desc = avcodec_descriptor_get(out_codec->id);
if (desc)
out_codec_name = desc->name;
if (!strcmp(encoder_name, out_codec_name))
encoder_name = "native";
}
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " (%s (%s) -> %s (%s))",
in_codec_name, decoder_name,
out_codec_name, encoder_name);
}
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");
}
if (ret) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "%s\n", error);
return ret;
}
atomic_store(&transcode_init_done, 1);//初始化完成
return 0;
}
static int init_input_stream(int ist_index, char *error, int error_len)
{
int ret;
InputStream *ist = input_streams[ist_index];
if (ist->decoding_needed) {
AVCodec *codec = ist->dec;
if (!codec) {
snprintf(error, error_len, "Decoder (codec %s) not found for input stream #%d:%d",
avcodec_get_name(ist->dec_ctx->codec_id), ist->file_index, ist->st->index);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
ist->dec_ctx->opaque = ist;
ist->dec_ctx->get_format = get_format;
ist->dec_ctx->get_buffer2 = get_buffer;
ist->dec_ctx->thread_safe_callbacks = 1;
av_opt_set_int(ist->dec_ctx, "refcounted_frames", 1, 0);
if (ist->dec_ctx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_DVB_SUBTITLE &&
(ist->decoding_needed & DECODING_FOR_OST)) {
av_dict_set(&ist->decoder_opts, "compute_edt", "1", AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
if (ist->decoding_needed & DECODING_FOR_FILTER)
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Warning using DVB subtitles for filtering and output at the same time is not fully supported, also see -compute_edt [0|1]\n");
}
av_dict_set(&ist->decoder_opts, "sub_text_format", "ass", AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
/* Useful for subtitles retiming by lavf (FIXME), skipping samples in
* audio, and video decoders such as cuvid or mediacodec */
ist->dec_ctx->pkt_timebase = ist->st->time_base;
if (!av_dict_get(ist->decoder_opts, "threads", NULL, 0))
av_dict_set(&ist->decoder_opts, "threads", "auto", 0);
/* Attached pics are sparse, therefore we would not want to delay their decoding till EOF. */
if (ist->st->disposition & AV_DISPOSITION_ATTACHED_PIC)
av_dict_set(&ist->decoder_opts, "threads", "1", 0);
ret = hw_device_setup_for_decode(ist);
if (ret < 0) {
snprintf(error, error_len, "Device setup failed for "
"decoder on input stream #%d:%d : %s",
ist->file_index, ist->st->index, av_err2str(ret));
return ret;
}
//打开解码器
if ((ret = avcodec_open2(ist->dec_ctx, codec, &ist->decoder_opts)) < 0) {
if (ret == AVERROR_EXPERIMENTAL)
abort_codec_experimental(codec, 0);
snprintf(error, error_len,
"Error while opening decoder for input stream "
"#%d:%d : %s",
ist->file_index, ist->st->index, av_err2str(ret));
return ret;
}
assert_avoptions(ist->decoder_opts);
}
ist->next_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
ist->next_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
return 0;
}
/**
* Run a single step of transcoding.
*
* @return 0 for success, <0 for error
*/
/*
解码流程是:
process_input() -> output_packet() -> decode_audio()/decode_video()/transcode_subtitles()
而decode_audio() 是调用 avcodec_decode_audio4() 来完成工作的。
decode_video() 则是通过调用 avcodec_decode_video2() 来完成的。
编码流程是:
reap_filters() -> do_video_out()或 do_audio_out()
-> avcodec_encode_video2() 或 avcodec_encode_audio2()。
*/
static int transcode_step(void)
{
OutputStream *ost;
InputStream *ist = NULL;
int ret;
//选择一个有效的输出流进行处理
ost = choose_output();
if (!ost) {
if (got_eagain()) {
reset_eagain();
av_usleep(10000);
return 0;
}
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "No more inputs to read from, finishing.\n");
return AVERROR_EOF;
}
//选择一个输入流
if (ost->filter && !ost->filter->graph->graph) {
if (ifilter_has_all_input_formats(ost->filter->graph)) {
ret = configure_filtergraph(ost->filter->graph);
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error reinitializing filters!\n");
return ret;
}
}
}
if (ost->filter && ost->filter->graph->graph) {
if (!ost->initialized) {
char error[1024] = {0};
ret = init_output_stream(ost, error, sizeof(error));
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error initializing output stream %d:%d -- %s\n",
ost->file_index, ost->index, error);
exit_program(1);
}
}
if ((ret = transcode_from_filter(ost->filter->graph, &ist)) < 0)
return ret;
if (!ist)
return 0;
} else if (ost->filter) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < ost->filter->graph->nb_inputs; i++) {
InputFilter *ifilter = ost->filter->graph->inputs[i];
if (!ifilter->ist->got_output && !input_files[ifilter->ist->file_index]->eof_reached) {
ist = ifilter->ist;
break;
}
}
if (!ist) {
ost->inputs_done = 1;
return 0;
}
} else {
av_assert0(ost->source_index >= 0);
ist = input_streams[ost->source_index];
}
//读取并处理每一个包
ret = process_input(ist->file_index);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
if (input_files[ist->file_index]->eagain)
ost->unavailable = 1;
return 0;
}
if (ret < 0)
return ret == AVERROR_EOF ? 0 : ret;
//根据滤波器做滤波处理,并把处理完的音视频输出到输出文件中
return reap_filters(0);
}
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