赞
踩
在微服务架构中,安全性是一个至关重要的问题。Spring Cloud Security 提供了一整套安全解决方案,帮助开发者保护微服务系统的安全,包括身份验证、授权、OAuth2等功能。本篇文章将详细介绍 Spring Cloud Security 的基本概念及其在实际项目中的应用。
Spring Cloud Security 是 Spring Security 的扩展,专注于为微服务架构提供安全解决方案。它集成了 OAuth2 和 JWT 等标准,为微服务提供安全保护,支持服务间的安全通信和单点登录(SSO)。
首先,创建一个新的 Spring Boot 项目,并添加以下依赖:
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.h2</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
在 application.yml
文件中配置 OAuth2 授权服务器:
server: port: 8081 spring: datasource: url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver username: sa password: password jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true security: oauth2: client: client-id: my-client-id client-secret: my-client-secret grant-type: authorization_code scopes: read,write resource: id: my-resource-id
创建一个配置类,配置授权服务器:
@Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.inMemory() .withClient("my-client-id") .secret("{noop}my-client-secret") .authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code", "refresh_token", "password") .scopes("read", "write") .redirectUris("http://localhost:8082/login"); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) { endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager); } }
创建一个配置类,配置 Web 安全:
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.inMemoryAuthentication() .withUser("user") .password("{noop}password") .roles("USER"); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .formLogin().permitAll(); } @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } }
创建一个新的 Spring Boot 项目,并添加以下依赖:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在 application.yml
文件中配置资源服务器:
server:
port: 8082
security:
oauth2:
resource:
user-info-uri: http://localhost:8081/user
token-info-uri: http://localhost:8081/oauth/check_token
创建一个配置类,配置资源服务器:
@Configuration
@EnableResourceServer
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/public").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated();
}
}
创建一个 REST 控制器,定义受保护的资源:
@RestController
public class ResourceController {
@GetMapping("/public")
public String publicResource() {
return "Public Resource";
}
@GetMapping("/protected")
public String protectedResource() {
return "Protected Resource";
}
}
在浏览器中访问以下 URL,进行 OAuth2 授权:
http://localhost:8081/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=my-client-id&redirect_uri=http://localhost:8082/login&scope=read
通过授权码获取访问令牌:
curl -X POST \
http://localhost:8081/oauth/token \
-u my-client-id:my-client-secret \
-d grant_type=authorization_code \
-d code=YOUR_AUTH_CODE \
-d redirect_uri=http://localhost:8082/login
使用访问令牌访问受保护的资源:
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN" http://localhost:8082/protected
通过本文的介绍,您已经了解了如何使用 Spring Cloud Security 实现 OAuth2 认证与授权。Spring Cloud Security 提供了一整套安全解决方案,能够有效保护微服务系统的安全。在下一篇文章中,我们将探讨 Spring Cloud Stream 的使用及其在微服务中的应用,敬请期待。
如果您觉得这篇文章有用,请点赞、分享并关注我的博客,以便获取更多关于 Spring Cloud 的最新资讯。您的支持是我不断创作的动力!
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。