Android5.0以下手机通过https请求服务器报SSLException异常的原因及解决方案

问题描述：

    最近突然收到了测试组提的bug，说是部分手机打开APP的时候会报服务器连接异常。然后我就用我的手机试了下，发现没有问题。然后用他们在缺陷描述中写的测试机型和系统版本进行了测试。发现确实会报服务区连接异常。然后通过本地调试，发现网络请求的时候报了如下异常：

该异常为SSL握手失败，但是为什么有的手机可以成功有的手机又失败了呢。然后又试了下其他版本的手机，发现Android5.0以下系统的手机都不通。

问题原因：

首先想到的是后台服务器那边前两天更新了https协议的版本。推测应该是和这个有关。经确认，后台服务器是禁止TLS1.0，TLS1.1和TLS1.2放行。然后查看了一下Google关于SSLEngine的官方文档说明，不同Android版本针对于TLS协议的默认配置图如下：

从上图可以可知：

• TLSv1.0从API 1+就被默认打开
• TLSv1.1和TLSv1.2只有在API 20+ 才会被默认打开
• 也就是说低于API 20+的版本是默认关闭对TLSv1.1和TLSv1.2的支持，若要支持则必须自己打开

这就能解释为什么Android5.0以下系统在进行HTTPS访问时会产生上述异常。

解决方案：

首先我们可以让服务器配置支持TLS1.0、1.1、1.2，这样客户端不需要做任何处理，就可以兼容Android5.0以下的手机了。

但后台那边也是出于安全，才会只放行安全性更高的TLS1.1和TLS1.2协议。所以我们只能在客户端添加新协议的支持。

因此我们需要给低版本的协议添加Cipher suites,我们需要自定义SSLSocketFactory,自定义的SSLSocketFactory如下:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
 
public class SSLSocketFactoryCompat extends SSLSocketFactory {
    private SSLSocketFactory defaultFactory;
    // Android 5.0+ (API level21) provides reasonable default settings
    // but it still allows SSLv3
    // https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0-changes.html#ssl
    static String protocols[] = null, cipherSuites[] = null;
    static {
        try {
            SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault().createSocket();
            if (socket != null) {
                /* set reasonable protocol versions */
                // - enable all supported protocols (enables TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 on Android <5.0)
                // - remove all SSL versions (especially SSLv3) because they're insecure now
                List<String> protocols = new LinkedList<>();
                for (String protocol : socket.getSupportedProtocols())
                    if (!protocol.toUpperCase().contains("SSL"))
                        protocols.add(protocol);
                SSLSocketFactoryCompat.protocols = protocols.toArray(new String[protocols.size()]);
                /* set up reasonable cipher suites */
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
                    // choose known secure cipher suites
                    List<String> allowedCiphers = Arrays.asList(
                            // TLS 1.2
                            "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
                            "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256",
                            "TLS_ECHDE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
                            // maximum interoperability
                            "TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA",
                            "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA",
                            // additionally
                            "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA",
                            "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA");
                    List<String> availableCiphers = Arrays.asList(socket.getSupportedCipherSuites());
                    // take all allowed ciphers that are available and put them into preferredCiphers
                    HashSet<String> preferredCiphers = new HashSet<>(allowedCiphers);
                    preferredCiphers.retainAll(availableCiphers);
                    /* For maximum security, preferredCiphers should *replace* enabled ciphers (thus disabling
                     * ciphers which are enabled by default, but have become unsecure), but I guess for
                     * the security level of DAVdroid and maximum compatibility, disabling of insecure
                     * ciphers should be a server-side task */
                    // add preferred ciphers to enabled ciphers
                    HashSet<String> enabledCiphers = preferredCiphers;
                    enabledCiphers.addAll(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(socket.getEnabledCipherSuites())));
                    SSLSocketFactoryCompat.cipherSuites = enabledCiphers.toArray(new String[enabledCiphers.size()]);
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public SSLSocketFactoryCompat(X509TrustManager tm) {
        try {
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            sslContext.init(null, (tm != null) ? new X509TrustManager[] { tm } : null, null);
            defaultFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(); // The system has no TLS. Just give up.
        }
    }
    private void upgradeTLS(SSLSocket ssl) {
        // Android 5.0+ (API level21) provides reasonable default settings
        // but it still allows SSLv3
        // https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0-changes.html#ssl
        if (protocols != null) {
            ssl.setEnabledProtocols(protocols);
        }
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP && cipherSuites != null) {
            ssl.setEnabledCipherSuites(cipherSuites);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public String[] getDefaultCipherSuites() {
        return cipherSuites;
    }
    @Override
    public String[] getSupportedCipherSuites() {
        return cipherSuites;
    }
    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(Socket s, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException {
        Socket ssl = defaultFactory.createSocket(s, host, port, autoClose);
        if (ssl instanceof SSLSocket)
            upgradeTLS((SSLSocket)ssl);
        return ssl;
    }
    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
        Socket ssl = defaultFactory.createSocket(host, port);
        if (ssl instanceof SSLSocket)
            upgradeTLS((SSLSocket)ssl);
        return ssl;
    }
    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localHost, int localPort) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
        Socket ssl = defaultFactory.createSocket(host, port, localHost, localPort);
        if (ssl instanceof SSLSocket)
            upgradeTLS((SSLSocket)ssl);
        return ssl;
    }
    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(InetAddress host, int port) throws IOException {
        Socket ssl = defaultFactory.createSocket(host, port);
        if (ssl instanceof SSLSocket)
            upgradeTLS((SSLSocket)ssl);
        return ssl;
    }
    @Override
    public Socket createSocket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort) throws IOException {
        Socket ssl = defaultFactory.createSocket(address, port, localAddress, localPort);
        if (ssl instanceof SSLSocket)
            upgradeTLS((SSLSocket)ssl);
        return ssl;
    }
}

然后只需要给我们的请求设置这个SSLSocketFactory就可以了,我们以okhttp为例：

//定义一个信任所有证书的TrustManager
final X509TrustManager trustAllCert = new X509TrustManager() {
    @Override
    public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
    }
 
    @Override
    public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
    }
 
    @Override
    public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[]{};
    }
};
//设置OkHttpClient
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder().
sslSocketFactory(new SSLSocketFactoryCompat(trustAllCert)， trustAllCert).build();

设置之后,用低版本手机测试https,就可以测试成功了。

准备最近这几天再写一篇，详细介绍一下HTTPS 和 SSL/TLS 协议。