Dockerfile【超级详细】

作者：从前慢现在也慢 | 2024-06-16 17:18:21

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dockerfile

Dockerfile 基础知识


FROM		#基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER	#镜像是谁写的，姓名+邮箱
RUN			#镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD			#步骤，tomcat镜像，这个tomcat的压缩包！添加内容
WORKDIR		#镜像的工作目录	
VOLUME		#挂载的目录
EXPOSE		#暴露端口配置
CMD			#指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT	#指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD		#当构建一个被继承 Dockerfile 这个时候就会运行ONBUILD 的指令
COPY 		#类似ADD，将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV			#构建的时候设置环境遍量

实战测试

Docker Hub 中 99% 镜像都是从这个基础镜像过来的 FROM scratch,然后配置需要的软件和配置来进行构建的


#创建一个自己的centos 
#编写Dockerfile 文件
[root@root dockerfile01]# cat mydockerfile 
FROM centos
MAINTAINER Hang<1754808@qq.com>
 
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
 
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools
 
EXPOSE 80
 
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----END----"
CMD /bin/bash
 
 
#通过这个文件构建镜像
#docker build -f dockerfile文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] .
 
[root@root dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile -t mycentos1.0 .
Removing intermediate container 59cd03ecce3f
 ---> 89ba49a34e1e
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in a1efee3b0fe2
Removing intermediate container a1efee3b0fe2
 ---> e58f7bcccc27
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
 ---> Running in e882afef45eb
Removing intermediate container e882afef45eb
 ---> 906c0671d05c
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "----END----"
 ---> Running in f4ecc2caf6af
Removing intermediate container f4ecc2caf6af
 ---> 6f4bef42e0fc
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 44f884f709c9
Removing intermediate container 44f884f709c9
 ---> e6062ccf13fd
Successfully built e6062ccf13fd
Successfully tagged mycentos1.0:latest
 
 
#测试运行
[root@root dockerfile]# docker run -it mycentos1.0 /bin/bash
[root@f408b8773605 local]# pwd
/usr/local

我们可以列出本地镜像的变更历史


[root@root dockerfile]# docker history mycentos1.0
IMAGE          CREATED         CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
e6062ccf13fd   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B        
6f4bef42e0fc   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
906c0671d05c   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
e58f7bcccc27   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
89ba49a34e1e   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             23.4MB    
2ba5aff6da20   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   58.1MB    
e34dc5e2146b   7 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B        
bd4017671eca   7 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B        
f23b466173fb   7 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER root<175480…   0B        
300e315adb2f   6 weeks ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bd7a2aed6ede423b7…   209MB

CMD 和 ENTRYPOINT 区别

CMD #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令

测试cmd


# 编写dockerfile文件
[root@root dockerfile]# vi dockerfile-cmd
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]
 
 
# 构建镜像
[root@root dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd -t cmd .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 711a369ca8ce
Removing intermediate container 711a369ca8ce
 ---> 96c1a6a5a855
Successfully built 96c1a6a5a855
Successfully tagged cmd:latest
 
 
# run 运行 发现我们的 ls -a 命令生效
[root@root dockerfile]# docker run 96c1a6a5a855
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
 
 
# 想追加一个命令 -l	ls -al 
[root@root dockerfile]# docker run 96c1a6a5a855 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:370: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
 
 
# cmd 的情况下 -l 替换了 CMD ["ls","-a"] 命令 -l 不是命令 所以报错

测试ENTRYPOINT


# 编写dockerfile文件
[root@root dockerfile]# vi dockerfile-entrypoint
 
 
# 构建镜像
[root@root dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint -t entrypoint .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 198ab82ed16c
Removing intermediate container 198ab82ed16c
 ---> 951f0c5be0f2
Successfully built 951f0c5be0f2
Successfully tagged entrypoint:latest
 
 
# run 运行 发现我们的 ls -a 命令生效
[root@root dockerfile]# docker run 951f0c5be0f2
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
 
 
# 想追加一个命令 -l	ls -al 发现生效 
[root@root dockerfile]# docker run 951f0c5be0f2 -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jan 22 16:08 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jan 22 16:08 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Jan 22 16:08 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3 15:22 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 340 Jan 22 16:08 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jan 22 16:08 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3 15:22 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3 15:22 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3 15:22 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4 17:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3 15:22 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3 15:22 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3 15:22 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 240 root root   0 Jan 22 16:08 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4 17:37 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4 17:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3 15:22 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3 15:22 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jan 22 13:11 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4 17:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4 17:37 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4 17:37 var

实战：tomcat镜像

1、准备镜像文件 tomcat压缩包、jdk压缩包

apache-tomcat-9.0.22.tar.gz

jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz

2、编写dockerfile文件官方命名 Dockerfile ，build会自动寻找这个文件就不需要 -f 指定了


[root@root tomcat]# cat Dockerfile 
 
FROM centos
MAINTAINER Hang<1754808103@qq.com>
 
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
 
ADD jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.22.tar.gz /usr/local/
 
RUN yum -y install vim
 
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
 
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 
EXPOSE 8080
 
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/logs/catalina.out

3、构建镜像


# docker build -t diytomcat .
 
Removing intermediate container 8ae0bf3da639
 ---> 731ad02de5b7
Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in 096e09b9bc21
Removing intermediate container 096e09b9bc21
 ---> 4af21aee2224
Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in 754abbc7213e
Removing intermediate container 754abbc7213e
 ---> b90b463448c6
Step 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
 ---> Running in 8d88b767e5ba
Removing intermediate container 8d88b767e5ba
 ---> 8be538aa441f
Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 ---> Running in 2d474aacec81
Removing intermediate container 2d474aacec81
 ---> d2a196f068ee
Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
 ---> Running in 57b51e71729c
Removing intermediate container 57b51e71729c
 ---> 82bc59fffad0
Step 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
 ---> Running in 132900cd06c0
Removing intermediate container 132900cd06c0
 ---> 26764aa6f6e6
Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 ---> Running in dd532def866f
Removing intermediate container dd532def866f
 ---> 20a93b435b70
Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in 791216126e87
Removing intermediate container 791216126e87
 ---> 6187b918f77d
Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /url/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/logs/catalina.out
 ---> Running in 1aee1676f7d3
Removing intermediate container 1aee1676f7d3
 ---> 0c58fc779b7a
Successfully built 0c58fc779b7a
Successfully tagged dirtomcat:latest

启动容器，出现错误

启动镜像，ID出来，可是docker ps 发现没有运行

使用docker logs 容器ID 查看报错内容

出现 /bin/startup.sh:Pemission denied

解决方法


进入容器
 
#启动容器
[root@root tomcat]# docker run -it -d dirtomcat /bin/bash
f6dfac5e79aedf94afb79c9797aebb3f198a0b17a297b94ba72e5a686d7a0741
 
#查看正在运行的容器
[root@root tomcat]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS        PORTS      NAMES
f6dfac5e79ae   dirtomcat   "/bin/bash"   2 seconds ago   Up 1 second   8080/tcp   strange_keller
 
#进入容器
[root@root tomcat]# docker exec -it f6dfac5e79ae /bin/bash
[root@f6dfac5e79ae local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.22  bin  etc  games  include  jdk1.8.0_11  lib  lib64  libexec  readme.txt  sbin  share  src
 
#使用 startup.sh 命令 发现报错 原因是权限不够
[root@f6dfac5e79ae local]# startup.sh
bash: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh: Permission denied
 
#赋权 再启动 发现 catalina.sh 权限不够
[root@f6dfac5e79ae local]# chmod 777 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh           
[root@f6dfac5e79ae local]# startup.sh               
Cannot find /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/catalina.sh
The file is absent or does not have execute permission
This file is needed to run this program
 
#继续给 catalina.sh 赋权
[root@f6dfac5e79ae /]# chmod 777 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/catalina.sh    
 
#再次启动 tomcat 启动成功
[root@f6dfac5e79ae /]# startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

那么我们修改一下dockerfile文件内容


[root@root tomcat]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM centos
MAINTAINER root<1754808@qq.com>
 
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
 
ADD jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.22.tar.gz /usr/local/
 
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN chmod 777 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh
RUN chmod 777 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/catalina.sh
 
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
 
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 
EXPOSE 8080
 
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/logs/catalina.out

构建镜像


[root@root tomcat]# docker build -t lh_tomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  169.9MB
Step 1/17 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/17 : MAINTAINER root<1754808103@qq.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> f23b466173fb
Step 3/17 : COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5dfad04cae31
Step 4/17 : ADD jdk-8u11-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
 ---> Using cache
 ---> e15afd0717d9
Step 5/17 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.22.tar.gz /usr/local/
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 8b3b0b260f0c
Step 6/17 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 731ad02de5b7
Step 7/17 : RUN chmod 777 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh
 ---> Using cache
 ---> e60e5bb8d68d
Step 8/17 : RUN chmod 777 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/catalina.sh
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 1bdadcf5f05c
Step 9/17 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in dc5f851a95aa
Removing intermediate container dc5f851a95aa
 ---> 567826b1db9b
Step 10/17 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in a1b9fa1f25c8
Removing intermediate container a1b9fa1f25c8
 ---> f2da44f2566d
Step 11/17 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
 ---> Running in 1525576adae9
Removing intermediate container 1525576adae9
 ---> 422a260a9854
Step 12/17 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 ---> Running in ff3679d3d0d7
Removing intermediate container ff3679d3d0d7
 ---> 1f2fb5b405ce
Step 13/17 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
 ---> Running in c627139c2a0e
Removing intermediate container c627139c2a0e
 ---> 941804071257
Step 14/17 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22
 ---> Running in 201a8d7d454b
Removing intermediate container 201a8d7d454b
 ---> 6a3edac3ea02
Step 15/17 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 ---> Running in 5403ebe0c029
Removing intermediate container 5403ebe0c029
 ---> 3de5361ec881
Step 16/17 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in a1e4f56c1cb5
Removing intermediate container a1e4f56c1cb5
 ---> 98fd728337df
Step 17/17 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/logs/catalina.out
 ---> Running in 3b183e06aecd
Removing intermediate container 3b183e06aecd
 ---> 9fcc0d5c6a4e
Successfully built 9fcc0d5c6a4e
Successfully tagged lh_tomcat:latest

重新启动容器


#启动
[root@root tomcat]# docker run -d -p 9100:8080 --name lh_tomcat -v /home/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/webapps/test -v /home/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/logs lh_tomcat
57f64d17045fe343a60cbbec368cac9b0a201a181253903828bb8cbb2a73e51d
 
#查看正在运行的容器，发现正在运行
[root@root tomcat]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
57f64d17045f   lh_tomcat   "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…"   2 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:9100->8080/tcp   lh_tomcat


#### 访问测试
 
##### 访问 本机ip:9100

在/home/tomcat/test 下构建两个文件

web.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
        version="2.5">
 
</web-app>

index.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>哥的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>哥牛逼！</h1>
</body>
</html>

成功!!

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