用python实现AES加密、解密。

下面是使用 Python 实现 AES 加密和解密的示例代码：

import base64
import hashlib
import os
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding, serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import (
    Cipher, algorithms, modes
)
 
 
def generate_key(password: str, salt: bytes, iterations: int = 100000, key_size: int = 32):
    kdf = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password.encode(), salt, iterations, key_size)
    return kdf
 
 
def encrypt(plaintext: str, password: str, salt: bytes):
    # Generate key
    key = generate_key(password, salt)
 
    # Add padding to the plaintext
    padder = padding.PKCS7(algorithms.AES.block_size).padder()
    padded_plaintext = padder.update(plaintext.encode()) + padder.finalize()
 
    # Generate a random IV
    iv = os.urandom(16)
 
    # Encrypt the plaintext
    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend())
    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
    ciphertext = encryptor.update(padded_plaintext) + encryptor.finalize()
 
    # Concatenate the IV and the ciphertext
    encrypted_message = iv + ciphertext
 
    # Encode the encrypted message as a base64 string
    encoded_encrypted_message = base64.b64encode(encrypted_message)
 
    return encoded_encrypted_message
 
 
def decrypt(encoded_encrypted_message: str, password: str, salt: bytes):
    # Decode the encrypted message from a base64 string
    encrypted_message = base64.b64decode(encoded_encrypted_message)
 
    # Split the IV and the ciphertext
    iv = encrypted_message[:16]
    ciphertext = encrypted_message[16:]
 
    # Generate key
    key = generate_key(password, salt)
 
    # Decrypt the ciphertext
    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend())
    decryptor = cipher.decryptor()
    padded_plaintext = decryptor.update(ciphertext) + decryptor.finalize()
 
    # Remove padding from the plaintext
    unpadder = padding.PKCS7(algorithms.AES.block_size).unpadder()
    plaintext = unpadder.update(padded_plaintext) + unpadder.finalize()
 
    return plaintext.decode()
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