STM32使用STM32CUBEMX配置FreeRTOS+SDIO4bit+FATFS注意事项，以及配置4bit模式可能出现卡死问题的解决方法_stm32cubemx freertos

一、使用STM32CUBEMX配置FreeRTOS+SDIO4bit+FATFS注意事项：

以STM32F429为例：
1、SDIO配置

配置为4bit模式，此配置不是最终配置，后面会在代码进行修改。
2、Fatfs配置

Set Defines 选项中的配置可以默认，最重要注意Advanced Setting 选择中的配置，如下

该界面配置默认Use dma template是默认使能的 ，并且不可以选择，只能选择使能，所以需要使能 SDIO中断和SDIO DMA（注意：如果不使能可能会出现问题），如下图所示：


在使能中断之后，注意 SDIO global 中断要小于或者等于SDIO DMA的中断，否则会出现问题
3、FreeRTOS配置
FreeRTOS配置默认即可

配置完成记得把启动文件的堆栈改大一点，如下：

生成代码即可

二、生成代码修改：

找到sdio.c文件中的void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)函数，修改如下：

void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 1 */
  hsd.Instance = SDIO;
  hsd.Init.ClockEdge = SDIO_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;
  hsd.Init.ClockBypass = SDIO_CLOCK_BYPASS_DISABLE;
  hsd.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDIO_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;
  hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
  hsd.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDIO_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLE;
  hsd.Init.ClockDiv = 4;
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 2 */
	//初始化时使用1bit + SDIO_INIT_CLK_DIV初始化时钟频率
	hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B;
	hsd.Init.ClockDiv = SDIO_INIT_CLK_DIV;//SDIO_TRANSFER_CLK_DIV;
  /* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 2 */

}
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经过实际测试，使用最大频率也是可以的，但是初始化时使用1bit+SDIO_INIT_CLK_DIV 初始化时钟频率，防止不必要的错误

在生成的bsp_driver_sd.c文件中找到__weak uint8_t BSP_SD_Init(void)函数，该函数是一个弱函数，可在其他文件复写，如下：

uint8_t BSP_SD_Init(void)
{
  uint8_t sd_state = MSD_OK;
  /* Check if the SD card is plugged in the slot */
  if (BSP_SD_IsDetected() != SD_PRESENT)
  {
    return MSD_ERROR;
  }
  /* HAL SD initialization */
  sd_state = HAL_SD_Init(&hsd);
  
  /* Configure SD Bus width (4 bits mode selected) */
  if (sd_state == MSD_OK)
  {
	hsd.Init.ClockDiv = SDIO_TRANSFER_CLK_DIV;//改为最大传输频率
    /* Enable wide operation */
    if (HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B) != HAL_OK)
    {
      sd_state = MSD_ERROR;
    }
  }

  return sd_state;
}
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由于使用的SD卡支持改频率，所以我采用SDIO_TRANSFER_CLK_DIV最大频率，这里分频根据不同的SD卡可做调整。

我这里是在main.c复写的，到这一步可能会出现HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B)函数卡死的问题，如果遇到该问题此时我们需要重写几个函数如下：

static uint32_t My_SD_FindSCR(SD_HandleTypeDef *hsd, uint32_t *pSCR)
{
  SDIO_DataInitTypeDef config;
  uint32_t errorstate;
  uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
  uint32_t index = 0U;
  uint32_t tempscr[2U] = {0U, 0U};
  uint32_t *scr = pSCR;
	uint16_t delay_time;
  /* Set Block Size To 8 Bytes */
  errorstate = SDMMC_CmdBlockLength(hsd->Instance, 8U);
  if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    return errorstate;
  }

  /* Send CMD55 APP_CMD with argument as card's RCA */
  errorstate = SDMMC_CmdAppCommand(hsd->Instance, (uint32_t)((hsd->SdCard.RelCardAdd) << 16U));
  if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    return errorstate;
  }

  config.DataTimeOut   = SDMMC_DATATIMEOUT;
  config.DataLength    = 8U;
  config.DataBlockSize = SDIO_DATABLOCK_SIZE_8B;
  config.TransferDir   = SDIO_TRANSFER_DIR_TO_SDIO;
  config.TransferMode  = SDIO_TRANSFER_MODE_BLOCK;
  config.DPSM          = SDIO_DPSM_ENABLE;
  (void)SDIO_ConfigData(hsd->Instance, &config);

  //添加延时，等待处琿
  for(delay_time = 0; delay_time < 20; delay_time++)
  {
	__nop();
  }
  
  /* Send ACMD51 SD_APP_SEND_SCR with argument as 0 */
  errorstate = SDMMC_CmdSendSCR(hsd->Instance);
  if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    return errorstate;
  }

  while(!__HAL_SD_GET_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_RXOVERR | SDIO_FLAG_DCRCFAIL | SDIO_FLAG_DTIMEOUT))
  {
    if(__HAL_SD_GET_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_RXDAVL))
    {
      *(tempscr + index) = SDIO_ReadFIFO(hsd->Instance);
		index++;
		if (index == 2)
			break;//因为定义index的时候初始忼是0，但是你们自己追踪下，事实上发鿁这条命令只会返回两个数据， 我的返回的是两个0.而返回两个数据后基本总线就没反映了，成了死循玿
    }
    else if(!__HAL_SD_GET_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_RXACT))
    {
      break;
    }

    if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) >=  SDMMC_DATATIMEOUT)
    {
      return HAL_SD_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
    }
  }

  if(__HAL_SD_GET_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_DTIMEOUT))
  {
    __HAL_SD_CLEAR_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_DTIMEOUT);

    return HAL_SD_ERROR_DATA_TIMEOUT;
  }
  else if(__HAL_SD_GET_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_DCRCFAIL))
  {
    __HAL_SD_CLEAR_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_DCRCFAIL);

    return HAL_SD_ERROR_DATA_CRC_FAIL;
  }
  else if(__HAL_SD_GET_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_RXOVERR))
  {
    __HAL_SD_CLEAR_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_FLAG_RXOVERR);

    return HAL_SD_ERROR_RX_OVERRUN;
  }
  else
  {
    /* No error flag set */
    /* Clear all the static flags */
    __HAL_SD_CLEAR_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_STATIC_DATA_FLAGS);

    *scr = (((tempscr[1] & SDMMC_0TO7BITS) << 24)  | ((tempscr[1] & SDMMC_8TO15BITS) << 8) |\
            ((tempscr[1] & SDMMC_16TO23BITS) >> 8) | ((tempscr[1] & SDMMC_24TO31BITS) >> 24));
    scr++;
    *scr = (((tempscr[0] & SDMMC_0TO7BITS) << 24)  | ((tempscr[0] & SDMMC_8TO15BITS) << 8) |\
            ((tempscr[0] & SDMMC_16TO23BITS) >> 8) | ((tempscr[0] & SDMMC_24TO31BITS) >> 24));

  }

  return HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE;
}

static uint32_t My_SD_WideBus_Enable(SD_HandleTypeDef *hsd)
{
  uint32_t scr[2U] = {0U, 0U};
  uint32_t errorstate;

  if((SDIO_GetResponse(hsd->Instance, SDIO_RESP1) & SDMMC_CARD_LOCKED) == SDMMC_CARD_LOCKED)
  {
    return HAL_SD_ERROR_LOCK_UNLOCK_FAILED;
  }

  /* Get SCR Register */
  errorstate = My_SD_FindSCR(hsd, scr);
  if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    return errorstate;
  }

  /* If requested card supports wide bus operation */
  if((scr[1U] & SDMMC_WIDE_BUS_SUPPORT) != SDMMC_ALLZERO)
  {
    /* Send CMD55 APP_CMD with argument as card's RCA.*/
    errorstate = SDMMC_CmdAppCommand(hsd->Instance, (uint32_t)(hsd->SdCard.RelCardAdd << 16U));
    if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
    {
      return errorstate;
    }

    /* Send ACMD6 APP_CMD with argument as 2 for wide bus mode */
    errorstate = SDMMC_CmdBusWidth(hsd->Instance, 2U);
    if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
    {
      return errorstate;
    }

    return HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE;
  }
  else
  {
    return HAL_SD_ERROR_REQUEST_NOT_APPLICABLE;
  }
}

static uint32_t My_SD_WideBus_Disable(SD_HandleTypeDef *hsd)
{
  uint32_t scr[2U] = {0U, 0U};
  uint32_t errorstate;

  if((SDIO_GetResponse(hsd->Instance, SDIO_RESP1) & SDMMC_CARD_LOCKED) == SDMMC_CARD_LOCKED)
  {
    return HAL_SD_ERROR_LOCK_UNLOCK_FAILED;
  }

  /* Get SCR Register */
  errorstate = My_SD_FindSCR(hsd, scr);
  if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    return errorstate;
  }

  /* If requested card supports 1 bit mode operation */
  if((scr[1U] & SDMMC_SINGLE_BUS_SUPPORT) != SDMMC_ALLZERO)
  {
    /* Send CMD55 APP_CMD with argument as card's RCA */
    errorstate = SDMMC_CmdAppCommand(hsd->Instance, (uint32_t)(hsd->SdCard.RelCardAdd << 16U));
    if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
    {
      return errorstate;
    }

    /* Send ACMD6 APP_CMD with argument as 0 for single bus mode */
    errorstate = SDMMC_CmdBusWidth(hsd->Instance, 0U);
    if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
    {
      return errorstate;
    }

    return HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE;
  }
  else
  {
    return HAL_SD_ERROR_REQUEST_NOT_APPLICABLE;
  }
}

HAL_StatusTypeDef My_HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(SD_HandleTypeDef *hsd, uint32_t WideMode)
{
  SDIO_InitTypeDef Init;
  uint32_t errorstate;
  HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_OK;

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_SDIO_BUS_WIDE(WideMode));

  /* Change State */
  hsd->State = HAL_SD_STATE_BUSY;

  if(hsd->SdCard.CardType != CARD_SECURED)
  {
    if(WideMode == SDIO_BUS_WIDE_8B)
    {
      hsd->ErrorCode |= HAL_SD_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE;
    }
    else if(WideMode == SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B)
    {
      errorstate = My_SD_WideBus_Enable(hsd);

      hsd->ErrorCode |= errorstate;
    }
    else if(WideMode == SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B)
    {
      errorstate = My_SD_WideBus_Disable(hsd);

      hsd->ErrorCode |= errorstate;
    }
    else
    {
      /* WideMode is not a valid argument*/
      hsd->ErrorCode |= HAL_SD_ERROR_PARAM;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    /* MMC Card does not support this feature */
    hsd->ErrorCode |= HAL_SD_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE;
  }

  if(hsd->ErrorCode != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    /* Clear all the static flags */
    __HAL_SD_CLEAR_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_STATIC_FLAGS);
    hsd->State = HAL_SD_STATE_READY;
    status = HAL_ERROR;
  }
  else
  {
    /* Configure the SDIO peripheral */
    Init.ClockEdge           = hsd->Init.ClockEdge;
    Init.ClockBypass         = hsd->Init.ClockBypass;
    Init.ClockPowerSave      = hsd->Init.ClockPowerSave;
    Init.BusWide             = WideMode;
    Init.HardwareFlowControl = hsd->Init.HardwareFlowControl;
    Init.ClockDiv            = hsd->Init.ClockDiv;
    (void)SDIO_Init(hsd->Instance, Init);
  }

  /* Set Block Size for Card */
  errorstate = SDMMC_CmdBlockLength(hsd->Instance, BLOCKSIZE);
  if(errorstate != HAL_SD_ERROR_NONE)
  {
    /* Clear all the static flags */
    __HAL_SD_CLEAR_FLAG(hsd, SDIO_STATIC_FLAGS);
    hsd->ErrorCode |= errorstate;
    status = HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Change State */
  hsd->State = HAL_SD_STATE_READY;

  return status;
}

uint8_t BSP_SD_Init(void)
{
	
	uint8_t sd_state = MSD_OK;
	/* Check if the SD card is plugged in the slot */
	if (BSP_SD_IsDetected() != SD_PRESENT)
	{
		return MSD_ERROR;
	}
	/* HAL SD initialization */
	sd_state = HAL_SD_Init(&hsd);
	/* Configure SD Bus width (4 bits mode selected) */
	if (sd_state == MSD_OK)
	{
		hsd.Init.ClockDiv = SDIO_TRANSFER_CLK_DIV;//
		/* Enable wide operation */
		if (My_HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B) != HAL_OK)
		{
			sd_state = MSD_ERROR;
		}
	}
	return sd_state;
}

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此时，卡死问题就会解决。

进行实际读写测试：

调试发现能够正常读写，本次分享到此结束。