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图书管理系统java简易实现—超简单，超详细_图书管理系统怎么弄java

作者：凡人多烦事01 | 2024-05-11 19:33:25

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图书管理系统怎么弄java

所需要的知识：类，对象，抽象类，接口，封装，继承，多态，顺序表

源码链接：

图书管理系统java

对于书的信息，进行编写

创建 关于书的 包

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有书名，作者，价格，类型，以及是否借出等信息，这里用private进行封装，可有效保护代码隐私。

  1. class Books{    
  2.     private String name;//书名
  3.     private String author;//作者
  4.     private String price;//价格
  5.     private String type;//类型
  6.     private boolean isBorrowed;//是否借出
  7. }

写出构造方法

注意：对于isBorrowed的Boolean类型，无需写进构造方法之中。

  1. public class Book {
  2.     private String name;//书名
  3.     private String author;//作者
  4.     private String price;//价格
  5.     private String type;//类型
  6.     private boolean isBorrowed;//是否借出
  7.  
  8.     public Book(String name, String author, String price, String type) {
  9.         this.name = name;
  10.         this.author = author;
  11.         this.price = price;
  12.         this.type = type;
  13.     }
  14. }

为了访问被private封装的属性，必须提供getter与setter方法。

并且再提供一个toString方法

  1. public class Book {
  2.     private String name;//书名
  3.     private String author;//作者
  4.     private String price;//价格
  5.     private String type;//类型
  6.     private boolean isBorrowed;//是否借出
  7.  
  8.     public Book(String name, String author, String price, String type) {
  9.         this.name = name;
  10.         this.author = author;
  11.         this.price = price;
  12.         this.type = type;
  13.     }
  14.  
  15.     //
  16.     public String getName() {
  17.         return name;
  18.     }
  19.  
  20.     public void setName(String name) {
  21.         this.name = name;
  22.     }
  23.  
  24.     public String getAuthor() {
  25.         return author;
  26.     }
  27.  
  28.     public void setAuthor(String author) {
  29.         this.author = author;
  30.     }
  31.  
  32.     public String getPrice() {
  33.         return price;
  34.     }
  35.  
  36.     public void setPrice(String price) {
  37.         this.price = price;
  38.     }
  39.  
  40.     public String getType() {
  41.         return type;
  42.     }
  43.  
  44.     public void setType(String type) {
  45.         this.type = type;
  46.     }
  47.  
  48.     public boolean isBorrowed() {
  49.         return isBorrowed;
  50.     }
  51.  
  52.     public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
  53.         isBorrowed = borrowed;
  54.     }
  55.  
  56.     @Override
  57.     public String toString() {
  58.         return "Book{" +
  59.                 "name='" + name + '\'' +
  60.                 ", author='" + author + '\'' +
  61.                 ", price='" + price + '\'' +
  62.                 ", type='" + type + '\'' +
  63.                 ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
  64.                 '}';
  65.     }
  66. }

创建链表

  1. package books;
  2.  
  3. public class BookList {
  4.     private Book[] books = new Book[10];
  5.     private int usedSize;
  6.  
  7.     public BookList(){
  8.         books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",30,"小说");
  9.         books[1] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",40,"小说");
  10.         books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",50,"小说");
  11.         books[3] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",60,"小说");
  12.  
  13.         this.usedSize = 4;
  14.     }
  15.     
  16.     public int getUsedSize() {
  17.         return usedSize;
  18.     }
  19.  
  20.     public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
  21.         this.usedSize = usedSize;
  22.     }
  23. }

获取pos位置的书，以及在pos位置设置为一本书（添加一本书）

  1.     //获取pos位置的书
  2.     public Book getPos(int pos){
  3.         return this.books[pos];
  4.     }
  5.     //设置pos下标为一本书
  6.     public void setBook(int pos,Book book){
  7.         this.books[pos] = book;
  8.     }

使用者的编写

对于使用者来说，既有管理员，也有普通用户。管理员与普通用户的目的是不一样的，但是他们有一些相同的特点。

8c466323d81a4f05ad4b9d2952c86dba.png

创建User，

他们相同特点，比如都有名字

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3. import java.security.PrivateKey;
  4.  
  5.  
  6. public class User {
  7.     protected String name;
  8.     public User(String name){
  9.         this.name = name;
  10.     }
  11. }

由于在主程序中需要对于User类中填写menu（菜单）方法，且并不实现menu，所以将User改为抽象类

protected IOperation[] iOperations;

填写如下代码，创建数组

protected IOperation[] iOperations;

然后创建doWork方法，来实现操作

public void doWork(int choice, BookList bookList){
    iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
}

 

对于管理员

创建AdminUser类，继承User类

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3.  
  4. public class AdminUser extends User{
  5.     public AdminUser(String name){
  6.         super(name);
  7.     }
  8. }

管理员菜单：

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3. import java.util.Scanner;
  4.  
  5. public class AdminUser extends User{
  6.     public AdminUser(String name){
  7.         super(name);
  8.     }
  9.  
  10.     public int menu(){
  11.         System.out.println("==========管理员菜单==========");
  12.         System.out.println("hello "+this.name+"欢迎来到这里！:>");
  13.         System.out.println("1.查找图书:>");
  14.         System.out.println("2.新增图书:>");
  15.         System.out.println("3.删除图书:>");
  16.         System.out.println("4.展示图书:>");
  17.         System.out.println("0.退出系统:>");
  18.         System.out.println("============================");
  19.  
  20.         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
  21.         int choice = scanner.nextInt();
  22.         return choice;
  23.     }
  24. }

创建数组，为后续完成1-4的各项操作

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3. import operation.*;
  4.  
  5. import java.util.Scanner;
  6.  
  7. public class AdminUser extends User{
  8.     public AdminUser(String name){
  9.         super(name);
  10.         this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
  11.                 new ExitOperation(),
  12.                 new FindOperation(),
  13.                 new AddOperation(),
  14.                 new DelOperation(),
  15.                 new DisplayOperation()
  16.         };
  17.     }
  18.  
  19.  
  20.     public int menu(){
  21.         System.out.println("==========管理员菜单==========");
  22.         System.out.println("hello "+this.name+"欢迎来到这里！:>");
  23.         System.out.println("1.查找图书:>");
  24.         System.out.println("2.新增图书:>");
  25.         System.out.println("3.删除图书:>");
  26.         System.out.println("4.展示图书:>");
  27.         System.out.println("0.退出系统:>");
  28.         System.out.println("============================");
  29.  
  30.         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
  31.         int choice = scanner.nextInt();
  32.         return choice;
  33.     }
  34.  
  35.  
  36. }

 对于普通用户

创建NormalUser类，继承User类

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3.  
  4. public class NormalUser extends User{
  5.     public NormalUser(String name){
  6.         super(name);
  7.     }
  8. }

普通用户菜单：

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3. import java.util.Scanner;
  4.  
  5. public class NormalUser extends User{
  6.     public NormalUser(String name){
  7.         super(name);
  8.     }
  9.  
  10.     public int menu(){
  11.         System.out.println("==========普通用户菜单==========");
  12.         System.out.println("hello "+this.name+"欢迎来到这里！:>");
  13.         System.out.println("1.查找图书:>");
  14.         System.out.println("2.借阅图书:>");
  15.         System.out.println("3.归还图书:>");
  16.         System.out.println("0.退出系统:>");
  17.         System.out.println("==============================");
  18.  
  19.         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
  20.         int choice = scanner.nextInt();
  21.         return choice;
  22.     }
  23. }
  24.

创建数组，为后续完成1-3的各项操作

  1. package user;
  2.  
  3. import operation.*;
  4.  
  5. import java.util.Scanner;
  6.  
  7. public class NormalUser extends User{
  8.     public NormalUser(String name){
  9.         super(name);
  10.         this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
  11.                 new ExitOperation(),
  12.                 new FindOperation(),
  13.                 new BorrowOperation(),
  14.                 new ReturnOperation()
  15.  
  16.         };
  17.     }
  18.  
  19.  
  20.     public int menu(){
  21.         System.out.println("==========普通用户菜单==========");
  22.         System.out.println("hello "+this.name+"欢迎来到这里！:>");
  23.         System.out.println("1.查找图书:>");
  24.         System.out.println("2.借阅图书:>");
  25.         System.out.println("3.归还图书:>");
  26.         System.out.println("0.退出系统:>");
  27.         System.out.println("==============================");
  28.  
  29.         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
  30.         int choice = scanner.nextInt();
  31.         return choice;
  32.     }
  33. }

 

 

添加Operation包

并且写一些类，去一一实现

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在实现每一个类之前，可以写一个接口，来使后面的代码便于书写

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.BookList;
  4.  
  5. public interface IOperation {
  6.     void work(BookList bookList);
  7. }

1. AddOperation

源码

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.Book;
  4. import books.BookList;
  5.  
  6. public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
  7.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  8.         System.out.println("新增图书:>");
  9.         System.out.println("请输入图书的名字:>");
  10.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  11.  
  12.         System.out.println("请输入图书的作者:>");
  13.         String author = scanner.nextLine();
  14.  
  15.         System.out.println("请输入图书的类型:>");
  16.         String type = scanner.nextLine();
  17.  
  18.         System.out.println("请输入图书的价格:>");
  19.         double price = scanner.nextDouble();
  20.  
  21.         Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
  22.         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
  23.         bookList.setBook(size,book);
  24.  
  25.         bookList.setUsedSize(size+1);
  26.         System.out.println("图书新增成功！:>");
  27.  
  28.     }
  29. }

2.BorrowOperation

源码

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.Book;
  4. import books.BookList;
  5.  
  6. public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
  7.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  8.         System.out.println("借阅图书:>");
  9.  
  10.         System.out.println("你想借阅什么书？ :>");
  11.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  12.  
  13.         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
  14.         for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
  15.             Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
  16.             if(name.equals(book.getName())){
  17.                 book.setBorrowed(true);
  18.                 System.out.println("借阅成功！ :>");
  19.                 System.out.println(book);
  20.                 return;
  21.             }
  22.         }
  23.         System.out.println("没有你要借阅的这本书:>");
  24.  
  25.     }
  26. }

3.DelOperation

源码

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.Book;
  4. import books.BookList;
  5.  
  6. public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
  7.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  8.         System.out.println("删除图书:>");
  9.  
  10.         System.out.println("请输入你要删除的书名:>");
  11.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  12.         int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
  13.         int i;
  14.         int index = 0;
  15.         for (i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
  16.             Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
  17.             if(book.getName().equals(name)){
  18.                 index = i;
  19.                 break;
  20.             }
  21.         }
  22.         if(i >= currentSize){
  23.             System.out.println("没有你要删除的书");
  24.             return;
  25.         }
  26.         for (int j = index; j < currentSize-1; j++) {
  27.             Book book = bookList.getPos(j+1);
  28.             bookList.setBook(j,book);
  29.         }
  30.         bookList.setBook(currentSize,null);
  31.         bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);
  32.         System.out.println("删除成功！:>");
  33.  
  34.     }
  35. }

4.DisplayOperation

源码

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.Book;
  4. import books.BookList;
  5.  
  6. public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
  7.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  8.         System.out.println("展示图书:>");
  9.  
  10.         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
  11.         for(int i = 0;i < size;i++){
  12.             Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
  13.             System.out.println(book);
  14.         }
  15.     }
  16. }

5.ExitOperation

源码

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.BookList;
  4.  
  5. public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
  6.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  7.         System.out.println("退出系统:>");
  8.         System.exit(0);
  9.     }
  10. }

 

6.FindOperation

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.Book;
  4. import books.BookList;
  5.  
  6. public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
  7.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  8.         System.out.println("查找图书:>");
  9.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  10.         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
  11.         for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
  12.             Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
  13.             if(name.equals(book.getName())){
  14.                 System.out.println("找到了这本书，信息如下:>");
  15.                 System.out.println(book);
  16.                 return;
  17.             }
  18.         }
  19.         System.out.println("没有找到这本书:>");
  20.     }
  21. }

7.ReturnOperation

  1. package operation;
  2.  
  3. import books.Book;
  4. import books.BookList;
  5.  
  6. public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
  7.     public void work(BookList bookList){
  8.         System.out.println("归还图书:>");
  9.  
  10.         System.out.println("你想归还什么书？ :>");
  11.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  12.  
  13.         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
  14.         for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
  15.             Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
  16.             if(name.equals(book.getName())){
  17.                 book.setBorrowed(false);
  18.                 System.out.println("归还成功！ :>");
  19.                 System.out.println(book);
  20.                 return;
  21.             }
  22.         }
  23.         System.out.println("没有你要归还的这本书:>");
  24.     }
  25. }

 

创建程序入口Main

创建登录方法，并且在主函数中用user接收

 

  1. import user.AdminUser;
  2. import user.NormalUser;
  3. import user.User;
  4.  
  5. import java.util.Scanner;
  6. public class Main {
  7.     public static User login(){
  8.         System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:>");
  9.         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
  10.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  11.         System.out.println("请输入你的身份:>");
  12.         System.out.println("1.管理员     0.普通用户");
  13.         int choice = scanner.nextInt();
  14.         if(choice == 1){
  15.             return new AdminUser(name);
  16.         }else{
  17.             return new NormalUser(name);
  18.         }
  19.     }
  20.  
  21.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  22.         User user = login();//向上转型
  23.         int choice = user.menu();//动态绑定
  24.     }
  25. }

此时，对于user。无法直接获取菜单。应在父类（User）中，写出菜单方法

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 然后在，主程序中使用user调用menu。

最终的主函数代码：

  1. import books.Book;
  2. import books.BookList;
  3. import user.AdminUser;
  4. import user.NormalUser;
  5. import user.User;
  6.  
  7. import java.util.Scanner;
  8.  
  9. public class Main {
  10.     public static User login(){
  11.         System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:>");
  12.         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
  13.         String name = scanner.nextLine();
  14.         System.out.println("请输入你的身份:>");
  15.         System.out.println("1.管理员     0.普通用户");
  16.         int choice = scanner.nextInt();
  17.         if(choice == 1){
  18.             return new AdminUser(name);
  19.         }else{
  20.             return new NormalUser(name);
  21.         }
  22.     }
  23.  
  24.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  25.         BookList bookList = new BookList();
  26.         User user = login();//向上转型
  27.         while (true) {
  28.             int choice = user.menu();//动态绑定
  29.             user.doWork(choice, bookList);
  30.         }
  31.     }
  32. }

 

 

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