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docker学习（一）之基本概念、安装及数据卷_497272. com

作者：喵喵爱编程 | 2024-07-19 06:31:56

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docker学习（一）之基本概念、安装及数据卷

1、docker概述

1.1 docker出现背景

我们的代码环境到最后发布市场一般都要经过开发环境，测试环境和生产环境，正常情况下，开发人员开发好的代码发送给测试人员，由测试人员在测试环境上测试，测试成功后，就会部署到生产环境，让运维人员维护。
但是也会存在异常情况，如：
开发人员在python3.7的环境开发的代码发送给测试人员，而测试人员是在python2.7的测试环境进行部署的， 这样就会导致测试人员运行代码出现bug，向开发人员反馈，开发人员就纳闷，我在我的环境运行都是正常的啊，于是，由于中间件环境的影响，导致开发环境和测试环境存在差异，代码无法正常使用。这是典型的水土不服啊。
为了应对这种水土不服，那开发人员能不能用一种全新的方式把水土和代码都移植给测试人员呢？容器应用而生，它就实现了把python2.7到python3.7的水土环境和代码一起发给了测试人员，测试人员也不用再担心因为环境的原因影响测试效果。这样就很好的解决了兼容性问题。

1.2 docker介绍

  • Docker是一个开源的应用容器引擎
  • 诞生于2013年初，基于Go语言实现，dotCloud公司出品(后改名为Docker Inc)
  • Docker可以让开发者打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个轻量级、可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的linux机器上。
  • 容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互隔离
  • 容器性能开销极低
  • Docker从17.03版本后分为CE(CommunityEdition:社区版)和EE(Enterprise Edition:企业版)
    小结：docker是一种容器技术，解决软件跨环境迁移的问题

1.3 docker架构

Docker使用客户端-服务器架构。Docker 客户端与Docker 守护进程进行对话，该守护进程完成了构建，运行和分发Docker容器的繁重工作。Docker客户端和守护程序可以 在同一系统上运行，或者您可以将Docker客户端连接到远程Docker守护程序。Docker客户端和守护程序在UNIX套接字或网络接口上使用REST API进行通信。
在这里插入图片描述

  • 镜像（Image）：docker镜像，就相当于是一个root文件系统，比如官方镜像Ubuntu:16.04就包含了完整的一套Ubuntu16.4最小系统的root文件系统
  • 容器（Container）：镜像和容器的关系，就像面向对象程序设计种的类和对象一样，镜像是静态的定义，容器时镜像运行时的实体，容器可以被创建、启动、停止、删除、暂停等。
  • 仓库（Repository）：仓库可看成一个代码控制中心，用来保存镜像。

2、 docker安装

  1. yum包更新
	yum update

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  1. 安装需要的软件包，yum-util提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemanager驱动依赖
	yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

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  1. 设置yum源
	yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

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  1. 安装docker，出现输入的界面都按y
	yum install -y docker-ce

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  1. 验证docker是否安装成功
	docker -v

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3、配置docker镜像加速器

docker仓库（Registory）有两种，Docker hub和private registry，Docker hub（https://hub.docker.com）属于公共镜像仓库，一般都防止在国外，我们可以配置国内镜像加速器来加快docker hub下载速度。

  • USTC:中科大镜像加速器（https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn）
  • 阿里云
  • 腾讯云
  • 网易云
    我们这里使用阿里云的镜像加速器
    首先我们需要登陆到你的阿里云官网，可通过支付宝账号或其他账号注册登陆，然后找到容器镜像服务下的镜像加速器，如下：
    在这里插入图片描述
    根据官网的地址和配置说明在安装好的docker服务器上做相应的配置。
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://bdxzq1r4.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

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4、docker命令

4.1 docker服务相关命令

  • 启动服务
	systemctl start docker

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  • 查看状态
	systemctl stauts docker

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  • 停止服务
	systemctl stop docker

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  • 重启服务
	systemctl restart docker

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  • 开机启动
	systemctl enable docker

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4.2 docker镜像相关命令

  • 查看镜像（本地）
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE


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  • 搜索镜像（仓库）
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker search redis
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis                            Redis is an open source key-value store that…   8034                [OK]
bitnami/redis                    Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      141                                     [OK]
sameersbn/redis                                                                  79                                      [OK]
grokzen/redis-cluster            Redis cluster 3.0, 3.2, 4.0 & 5.0               65
rediscommander/redis-commander   Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis man…   37                                      [OK]
kubeguide/redis-master           redis-master with "Hello World!"                31
redislabs/redis                  Clustered in-memory database engine compatib…   24
redislabs/redisearch             Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded…   21
oliver006/redis_exporter          Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Supp…   21
arm32v7/redis                    Redis is an open source key-value store that…   21
bitnami/redis-sentinel           Bitnami Docker Image for Redis Sentinel         12                                      [OK]
webhippie/redis                  Docker images for Redis                         11                                      [OK]
redislabs/redisgraph             A graph database module for Redis               10                                      [OK]
s7anley/redis-sentinel-docker    Redis Sentinel                                  9                                       [OK]
arm64v8/redis                    Redis is an open source key-value store that…   9
insready/redis-stat              Docker image for the real-time Redis monitor…   9                                       [OK]
redislabs/redismod               An automated build of redismod - latest Redi…   7                                       [OK]
centos/redis-32-centos7          Redis in-memory data structure store, used a…   5
redislabs/redisinsight           RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis                5
circleci/redis                   CircleCI images for Redis                       4                                       [OK]
clearlinux/redis                 Redis key-value data structure server with t…   2
wodby/redis                      Redis container image with orchestration        1                                       [OK]
tiredofit/redis                  Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 Ove…   1                                       [OK]
runnable/redis-stunnel           stunnel to redis provided by linking contain…   1                                       [OK]
xetamus/redis-resource           forked redis-resource                           0                                       [OK]


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  • 拉取镜像（仓库）
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
c499e6d256d6: Pull complete
bf1bc8a5a7e4: Pull complete
7564fb795604: Pull complete
ec6e86f783e4: Pull complete
1371d6223f46: Pull complete
021fd554320f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a732b1359e338a539c25346a50bf0a501120c41dc248d868e546b33e32bf4fe4
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest


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可以看到已经下载成功

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis               latest              4cdbec704e47        2 weeks ago         98.2MB


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如果需要下载对应的版本号，可以先到官网查看下redis的版本信息
在这里插入图片描述

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker pull redis:6.0-rc
6.0-rc: Pulling from library/redis
c499e6d256d6: Already exists
bf1bc8a5a7e4: Already exists
7564fb795604: Already exists
3cd873a7c410: Pull complete
0b301c8e1d2d: Pull complete
fd94dfb55d0e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cd55cd7447488fc644884bfece112c619f7940ac39b03df826c36d0ec84772fc
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:6.0-rc
docker.io/library/redis:6.0-rc


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[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis               6.0-rc              a3bebd1090ce        2 weeks ago         104MB
redis               latest              4cdbec704e47        2 weeks ago         98.2MB


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  • 删除镜像（本地）
    • 通过id删除
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker rmi a3bebd1090ce
Untagged: redis:6.0-rc
Untagged: redis@sha256:cd55cd7447488fc644884bfece112c619f7940ac39b03df826c36d0ec84772fc
Deleted: sha256:a3bebd1090ce23e24fa77bd2cff464af43c700c3109487ebe9fa112c31ca653c
Deleted: sha256:b1591c0b280a41906c8db3769d0f55d5a0a610ef005b41b6348c911b8ecc22ba
Deleted: sha256:9401ef6c4a5478be84644dfd49727f62ba25f1ddf1534cf0bff0d57fe7efae21
Deleted: sha256:68dccea5b7f1ef7bf25f4aad48f13c7126a6d0cbe8ffb3b6443939bec9c2a746

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[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis               latest              4cdbec704e47        2 weeks ago         98.2MB


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  • 通过版本号删除
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker rmi redis:latest
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:a732b1359e338a539c25346a50bf0a501120c41dc248d868e546b33e32bf4fe4
Deleted: sha256:4cdbec704e477aab9d249262e60b9a8a25cbef48f0ff23ac5eae879a98a7ebd0
Deleted: sha256:c844d6fba483bf3c0e4f62491a85943654f989ae50b59299a55da4be5f2caf94
Deleted: sha256:d231c4db7f81ecc2f6cf0ae546481d59615645f4313268ff1098731195066d6a
Deleted: sha256:0f6a2a93807106ed5097541095f1bff014c6c4bca565e32a40a907c62abc1952
Deleted: sha256:80cfcce29d3c062c592a64c7fc1e25e91c28ef926e787fa3e0db3b28e5a42249
Deleted: sha256:a8f3582e4f96758f10a36eaa93c8aef7b5d647f0a00f5e2deb8344ce3dc6b760
Deleted: sha256:c3a984abe8a88059915bb6c7a1d249fd1ccc16d931334ac8816540b0eb686b45

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  • 删除所有镜像
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker rmi `docker images -q`

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4.3 容器相关命令

  • 运行容器
    -i通过镜像run，-t创建运行终端
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker run -it --name=c1 centos /bin/bash
[root@3ff94a0caa60 /]# ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Apr 16 10:26 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Apr 16 10:26 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Apr 16 10:26 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 May 11  2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Apr 16 10:26 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Apr 16 10:26 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 May 11  2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 May 11  2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 May 11  2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Jan 13 21:48 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 May 11  2019 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 May 11  2019 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 May 11  2019 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 127 root root   0 Apr 16 10:26 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Jan 13 21:49 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Jan 13 21:49 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 May 11  2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 May 11  2019 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Apr 16 08:52 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Jan 13 21:49 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Jan 13 21:49 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Jan 13 21:49 var


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  • 查看容器
    docker ps 查看正在运行的容器
    docker ps -a 查看所有容器
[root@3ff94a0caa60 /]# exit
exit
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
3ff94a0caa60        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Exited (0) 10 seconds ago                       c1

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  • 创建容器
    -d 让容器在后台运行
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker run -id --name=c2 centos:latest
b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
b29c30f91eeb        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                            c2


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  • 进入容器
    通过-d创建的容器在后台运行，exce进入容器后并exit，通过docker ps查看容器仍然在运行，通过-t创建的容器exit后，docker ps查看到的容器状态已经退出了
    -it 创建的容器一般称之为交互式容器
    -id 创建的容器一般称之为守护式容器
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker exec -it c2 /bin/bash
[root@b29c30f91eeb /]# exit
exit
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
b29c30f91eeb        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                              c2
3ff94a0caa60        centos              "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago        Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                       c1
[root@docker yum.repos.d]#


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  • 启动容器
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker start c2
c2
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
b29c30f91eeb        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Up 5 seconds                                    c2
3ff94a0caa60        centos              "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 12 minutes ago                       c1


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  • 停止容器
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker stop c2
c2
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
b29c30f91eeb        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Exited (137) 6 seconds ago                       c2
3ff94a0caa60        centos              "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 11 minutes ago                        c1


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  • 删除容器
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker rm c1
c1
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
b29c30f91eeb        centos:latest       "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Up 56 seconds                           c2


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删除所有容器

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker rm `docker ps -aq`
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove


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这里由于c2还在运行，所以报错，如果要删除c2，需要先stop再删除

  • 查看容器信息
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker inspect c2
[
    {
        "Id": "b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482",
        "Created": "2020-04-16T10:32:51.084489295Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 75393,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-04-16T10:40:20.616062424Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2020-04-16T10:39:50.162033543Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482/b29c30f91eeb81e5654b68585d1d539f2fbe5006f77cde09cbb7c506decfb482-json.log",
        "Name": "/c2",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c80b2937536acb1f4196203f127c40bddc75bfa88e9562d103c8a82c0a8c7b4d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4397e473bbca2dc2d6d04a72569e11a8961182664b3b23baf954a7991d095760/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c80b2937536acb1f4196203f127c40bddc75bfa88e9562d103c8a82c0a8c7b4d/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c80b2937536acb1f4196203f127c40bddc75bfa88e9562d103c8a82c0a8c7b4d/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c80b2937536acb1f4196203f127c40bddc75bfa88e9562d103c8a82c0a8c7b4d/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "b29c30f91eeb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos:latest",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
                "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
                "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
                "org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "7fd278d461cea87360fb0eed672859bc2d1fccda302eafdb73540be40826e411",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7fd278d461ce",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "8a2bb306497635e696771f56c4913fc8c5851d0bf0777aa0c35d4b6cbdb35be3",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "e2ee9a6eeba79ad196e03911804f7a470a503c6a4f160ed7eef3f3a26cec95f0",
                    "EndpointID": "8a2bb306497635e696771f56c4913fc8c5851d0bf0777aa0c35d4b6cbdb35be3",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]


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5、docker容器的数据卷

5.1 数据卷概念

思考：
- Docker容器删除后，在容器中产生的数据还在吗？
- Docker容器和外部机器和直接交换文件吗？
- 容器之间想要进行数据交互

数据卷
- 数据卷是宿主机中的一个目录或文件
- 当容器目录和数据卷目录绑定之后，对方的修改立即同步
- 一个数据卷可以被多个容器同时挂载
- 一个容器也可以挂载多个数据卷

数据卷作用
- 容器数据的持久化
- 外部机器和容器间的通信
- 容器之间的数据交换

5.2 配置数据卷

  • 创建启动容器时，使用-v参数设置数据卷
  • 注意事项
    1、目录必须时绝对路径
    2、如果目录不存在，会自动创建
    3、可以挂载多个数据卷

创建新的容器，同时挂载宿主机/root/data目录到容器下的/root/data_container目录下，并在宿主机下touch一个test.txt文件

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker run -id --name=c1 -v /root/data:/root/data_container centos:latest /bin/bash
09dc1345ad747c19b189db358c4f3baf1676a61db573fc1469b0c6eb55557bb2
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# ls /root/data
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# touch /root/data/test.txt
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# ls /root/data
test.txt


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进入容器里查看/root/data_container目录下是否存在test.txt文件

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker exec -it c1 /bin/bash
[root@09dc1345ad74 /]# ll /root/data_container/
bash: ll: command not found
[root@09dc1345ad74 /]# ls -al /root/data_container/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 22 Apr 16 10:57 .
dr-xr-x---. 1 root root 28 Apr 16 10:57 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  0 Apr 16 10:57 test.txt


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通过容器增加test.txt文件的内容

[root@09dc1345ad74 /]# echo 'hello container' > /root/data_container/test.txt
[root@09dc1345ad74 /]# cat /root/data_container/test.txt
hello container
[root@09dc1345ad74 /]# exit
exit
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# cat /root/data/test.txt
hello container
[root@docker yum.repos.d]#


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可以看到宿主机中的test.txt文件内容
我们再做一个实验，把刚才创建的c1给stop并删除掉，重新run一个新的c1容器，然后在容器里查看test.txt文件的内容是否存在。

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker stop c1
c1
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker rm c1
c1
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker run -it --name=c1 -v /root/data:/root/data_container centos
[root@9d2887c74b33 /]# cat /root/data_container/test.txt
hello container
[root@9d2887c74b33 /]#


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可以看出文件内容仍然存在，这样就可以说明数据卷的持久化是一直保持的。

也可以给一个容器同时挂载多个数据卷

[root@docker yum.repos.d]# docker run -it --name=c2 -v /root/data2:/root/data2 -v /root/data3:/root/data3 centos /bin/bash


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5.3 数据卷容器

  • 多容器进行数据交换
    1、多个容器挂载同一个数据卷
    2、数据卷容器
  • 配置数据卷容器
    1、创建启动c3数据卷容器，使用-v参数设置数据卷
[root@docker ~]# docker run -id --name=c3 -v /volume centos
68f6bd67ee3ceb780e15e49138efd161cfc0d04134537dbe8731d7847d65293a

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2、创建启动c1，c2容器，使用–volumes-from参数设置数据卷

[root@docker ~]# docker run -id --name=c1 --volumes-from c3 centos
d2982f3ba596d5bdfc8a59aa6d2cf15ab89045b4e35c7662ae00179496b4cc70
[root@docker ~]# docker run -id --name=c2 --volumes-from c3 centos
4ce9f3321cc6ba88462eac4288f498f6359985fbf2de3a04450e0d72c2bbc472

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