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linux安装软件的方式多种多样,MySQL也不例外,本文将介绍MySQL所有的安装方式。
MySQL一般可以采用四种安装方式,每种方式各有优点,使用场景各有不同:
服务器 | 操作系统版本 | CPU架构 | MySQL安装方式 |
---|---|---|---|
node1 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 源码编译安装MySQL |
node2 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 通用二进制包安装MySQL |
node3 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | RPM包安装MySQL |
node4 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | yum安装MySQL |
文件类型 | 文件部署位置 |
---|---|
数据目录datadir | /data/data(/data目录请确保足够大) |
配置文件my.cnf | /etc/my.cnf |
错误日志log-error | /data/log/mysql_error.log |
二进制日志log-bin | /data/binlogs/mysql-bin(用于数据库恢复和主从复制,以及审计(audit)操作) |
慢查询日志slow_query_log_file | /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log |
套接字文件socket | /data/run/mysql.sock |
进程ID文件mysql.pid | /data/run/mysql.pid |
1.MySQL通用二进制包:mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
2.MySQLRPM包:mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
3.MySQL源码包:mysql-boost-5.7.28.tar.gz
下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
4.MySQL的Yum源:mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
或者mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
下载方法:wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
或者wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
[root@node2 src]# pwd
/usr/local/src
[root@node2 src]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@node2 src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node2 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node2 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin share src
[root@node2 local]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@node2 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src
[root@node2 local]# groupadd -g 1111 mysql
[root@node2 local]# useradd -g mysql -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node2 local]# id mysql #查看用户信息
uid=1111(mysql) gid=1111(mysql) groups=1111(mysql)
[root@node2 local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@node2 local]# source /etc/profile
[root@node2 local]# mysql #输入MySQL之后双击tab键,即可列出候选MySQL命令
mysql mysql_client_test_embedded mysqld-debug mysqldumpslow mysql_plugin mysqlslap mysql_upgrade
mysqladmin mysql_config mysqld_multi mysql_embedded mysqlpump mysql_ssl_rsa_setup mysqlxtest
mysqlbinlog mysql_config_editor mysqld_safe mysqlimport mysql_secure_installation mysqltest_embedded
mysqlcheck mysqld mysqldump mysql_install_db mysqlshow mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir -p /data/{data,log,binlogs,run} [root@node2 ~]# tree /data #如果没有tree命令,则yum -y install tree安装 /data ├── binlogs ├── data ├── log └── run 4 directories, 0 files [root@node2 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data [root@node2 ~]# ll /data/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 binlogs drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 data drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 log drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 run
[root@node2 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf [root@node2 mysql]# touch /etc/my.cnf #my.cnf配置文件详解,请查看我上一篇blog的#https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/11913248.html的“MySQL配置文件优化参考” [root@node2 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 server-id=1
[root@node2 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
[root@node2 mysql]# echo $?
0
[root@node2 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log #查看MySQL初始化密码
2019-12-03T03:47:42.639938Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lhrh>J,p<8gw
#关于MySQL开启ssl查看https://www.cnblogs.com/mysql-dba/p/7061300.html [root@node2 mysql]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ......................................+++ .+++ writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ....................................+++ ............................+++ writing new private key to 'server-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .....................................................................................+++ ..............................................+++ writing new private key to 'client-key.pem' ----- #执行完成之后,会有在datadir目录生成*.pem文件 [root@node2 mysql]# ls /data/data/ auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem sys ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-cert.pem ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 private_key.pem server-key.pem
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
chkconfig --add mysql.server
chkconfig mysql.server on
chkconfig --list
[root@node2 system]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system [root@node2 system]# touch mysqld.service [root@node2 system]# vim mysqld.service [root@node2 system]# cat mysqld.service # Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # systemd service file for MySQL forking server # [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(5.7) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql Type=forking PIDFile=/data/run/mysql.pid # Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service. TimeoutSec=0 # Execute pre and post scripts as root PermissionsStartOnly=true # Needed to create system tables #ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd # Start main service ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS # Use this to switch malloc implementation EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql # Sets open_files_limit LimitNOFILE = 65535 Restart=on-failure RestartPreventExitStatus=1 PrivateTmp=false [root@node2 system]# systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载服务配置文件 [root@node2 system]# systemctl enable mysqld #设置MySQL开机自启动 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service. [root@node2 system]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld #查看MySQL开机自启动是否设置成功 enabled
[root@node2 system]# systemctl start mysqld [root@node2 system]# systemctl status mysqld #查看MySQL启动状态 ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 14:42:14 CST; 9s ago Docs: man:mysqld(5.7) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 2905 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2907 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─2907 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid Dec 03 14:42:13 node2 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Dec 03 14:42:14 node2 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@node2 system]# ps -ef | grep mysql #查看MySQL进程 mysql 2907 1 2 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid root 2942 2576 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@node2 system]# mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: #这里输入MySQL初始化时生成的密码(grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log) The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. New password: #输入新密码 Re-enter new password: VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n #y安装MySQL密码插件 Using existing password for root. Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #y移除匿名用户 Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n #是否允许root远程登录 ... skipping. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #是否移除test数据库 - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #刷新权限表 Success. All done!
[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密码为123456,如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements,则说明密码设置太简单,如果想设置123456这样的简单密码,可在SQL中执行: #mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; #mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; #这样再次执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用户的密码为123456 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #赋予mysql用户可以在任何机器上登录,并拥有所有表的所有权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限,让修改立即生效 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit; Bye -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #以下是为MySQL赋权限的介绍 mysql> grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by ‘连接口令’; 权限1,权限2,…权限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限。 当权限1,权限2,…权限n被all privileges或者all代替,表示赋予用户全部权限。 当数据库名称.表名称被*.*代替,表示赋予用户操作服务器上所有数据库所有表的权限。 用户地址可以是localhost,也可以是ip地址、机器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示从任何地址连接。 ‘连接口令’不能为空,否则创建失败。 比如: mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′; 给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc的employee表进行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的权限,并设定口令为123。 mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′; 给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc所有表进行所有操作的权限,并设定口令为123。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@node2 system]# mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql #执行上述操作之后,time_zone,time_zone_leap_second,time_zone_name,time_zone_transition ,time_zone_transition_type表就有时区数据了 [root@node2 system]# mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | engine_cost | | event | | func | | general_log | | gtid_executed | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | server_cost | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 31 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@node2 system]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper [root@node2 system]# mysqladmin version -uroot -p111111 mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Server version 5.7.26-log Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /data/run/mysql.sock Uptime: 31 min 53 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 8855 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 214 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 203 Queries per second avg: 4.628
[root@node2 system]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 15:22:18 CST; 3s ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 3343 (firewalld) CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─3343 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid Dec 03 15:22:17 node2 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'beyond-scope' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6. Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: beyond-scope: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time. Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'failed-policy' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6. Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: failed-policy: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignorin...-time. Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'reject-route' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6. Dec 03 15:22:18 node2 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: reject-route: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. #添加防火墙规则 [root@node2 system]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp success #重新加载防火墙规则 [root@node2 system]# firewall-cmd --reload success #检查规则是否设置生效 [root@node2 system]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp yes #列出防火墙所有开放的端口 [root@node2 system]# firewall-cmd --list-all public (active) target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: ens33 sources: services: ssh dhcpv6-client ports: 3306/tcp protocols: masquerade: no forward-ports: source-ports: icmp-blocks: rich rules:
#logrotate配置详解请查看:https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-02/157099.htm [root@node2 ~]# touch /root/.my.cnf [root@node2 ~]# vim /root/.my.cnf [root@node2 ~]# cat /root/.my.cnf [mysqladmin] password=111111 user=root [root@node2 ~]# chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf [root@node2 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate /etc/logrotate.d/ [root@node2 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate [root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate [root@node2 ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate # The log file name and location can be set in # /etc/my.cnf by setting the "log-error" option # in either [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] section as # follows: # # [mysqld] # log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log # # In case the root user has a password, then you # have to create a /root/.my.cnf configuration file # with the following content: # # [mysqladmin] # password = <secret> # user= root # # where "<secret>" is the password. # # ATTENTION: The /root/.my.cnf file should be readable # _ONLY_ by root ! /data/log/mysql_*.log { # create 600 mysql mysql notifempty #当日志文件为空时,不进行轮转 daily #默认每一天执行一次rotate轮转工作 rotate 52 #保留多少个日志文件(轮转几次).默认保留四个.就是指定日志文件删除之前轮转的次数,0 指没有备份,此处表示保留52天的日志 missingok #如果日志文件丢失,不要显示错误 compress #通过gzip 压缩转储以后的日志 postrotate #执行的指令 # just if mysqld is really running if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && \ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null then /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs fi endscript } [root@node2 ~]# [root@node2 ~]# logrotate -fv /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate #强制进行日志轮转 reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate Allocating hash table for state file, size 15360 B Handling 1 logs rotating pattern: /data/log/mysql_*.log forced from command line (52 rotations) empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed considering log /data/log/mysql_error.log log needs rotating considering log /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log log needs rotating rotating log /data/log/mysql_error.log, log->rotateCount is 52 dateext suffix '-20191203' glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' renaming /data/log/mysql_error.log.52.gz to /data/log/mysql_error.log.53.gz (t -- won't try to dispose of it ................. renaming /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log to /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log.1 running postrotate script compressing log with: /bin/gzip [root@node2 ~]# [root@node2 ~]# echo $? 0 #此时查看日志目录,发现日志已经进行轮转,并压缩 [root@node2 ~]# ls /data/log/ mysql_error.log mysql_error.log.1.gz mysql_slow_query.log mysql_slow_query.log.1.gz
自此,通用二进制包安装MySQL完毕。
[root@node3 local]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node3 src]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@node3 src]# rpm -ivh ./*.rpm warning: ./mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64 #出现上述错误说明:和mariadb-libs组件冲突,卸载mariadb-libs相关组件即可 [root@node3 src]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb* #查看mariadb-libs相关的组件 mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 [root@node3 src]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 #卸载mariadb-libs组件 warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave [root@node3 src]# rpm -ivh ./*.rpm warning: ./mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 17%] 2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7################################# [ 33%] 3:mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 50%] 4:mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 67%] 5:mysql-community-devel-5.7.23-1.el################################# [ 83%] 6:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%] #此时RPM包安装完毕
[root@node3 src]# service mysqld status Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html [root@node3 src]# service mysqld start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service [root@node3 src]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 2019-12-03T10:16:32.931929Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3yGgt,Eipr%z [root@node3 src]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.23 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密码为123456,如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements,则说明密码设置太简单,如果想设置123456这样的简单密码,可在SQL中执行: #mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; #mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; #这样再次执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用户的密码为123456 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #赋予mysql用户可以在任何机器上登录,并拥有所有表的所有权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限,让修改立即生效 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit; Bye -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #以下是为MySQL赋权限的介绍 mysql> grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by ‘连接口令’; 权限1,权限2,…权限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限。 当权限1,权限2,…权限n被all privileges或者all代替,表示赋予用户全部权限。 当数据库名称.表名称被*.*代替,表示赋予用户操作服务器上所有数据库所有表的权限。 用户地址可以是localhost,也可以是ip地址、机器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示从任何地址连接。 ‘连接口令’不能为空,否则创建失败。 比如: mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′; 给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc的employee表进行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的权限,并设定口令为123。 mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′; 给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc所有表进行所有操作的权限,并设定口令为123。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
自此MySQL的RPM安装就完毕了,此方法自动生成/etc/my.cnf,查看配置文件可知道MySQL的日志目录和数据目录。
[root@node4 ~]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm --2019-12-03 23:23:44-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following] --2019-12-03 23:23:57-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following] --2019-12-03 23:24:00-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 184.29.107.217 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.29.107.217|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 25548 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ 100%[================================================================================>] 25,548 21.5KB/s in 1.2s 2019-12-03 23:24:03 (21.5 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ saved [25548/25548] -c: No such file or directory No URLs found in -c. FINISHED --2019-12-03 23:24:03-- Total wall clock time: 19s Downloaded: 1 files, 25K in 1.2s (21.5 KB/s) [root@node4 ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql57-community-release noarch el7-10 /mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 30 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 30 k Installed size: 30 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 Complete!
#yum安装MySQL会自动解决依赖,一条命令即可,但是需要网络访问权限 [root@node4 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server ..... Installed: mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7 Replaced: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 Complete!
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl start mysqld [root@node4 ~]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-12-04 10:22:00 CST; 1min 22s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 15965 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 15947 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 15968 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─15968 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774472Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774677Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as ...ctory. Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774897Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306 Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774962Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available. Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774980Z 0 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::'; Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.775003Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'. Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.791933Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.792180Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 mysqld[15965]: Version: '5.7.28' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Co... (GPL) Dec 04 10:22:00 node4 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@node4 ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log #查看MySQL初始化密码 2019-11-05T06:35:28.565529Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: T<&loC3=%t+Q
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password'; mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密码为123456,如果提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements,则说明密码设置太简单,如果想设置123456这样的简单密码,可在SQL中执行: #mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; #mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; #这样再次执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用户的密码为123456 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #赋予mysql用户可以在任何机器上登录,并拥有所有表的所有权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新权限,让修改立即生效 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit; Bye -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #以下是为MySQL赋权限的介绍 mysql> grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by ‘连接口令’; 权限1,权限2,…权限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14个权限。 当权限1,权限2,…权限n被all privileges或者all代替,表示赋予用户全部权限。 当数据库名称.表名称被*.*代替,表示赋予用户操作服务器上所有数据库所有表的权限。 用户地址可以是localhost,也可以是ip地址、机器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示从任何地址连接。 ‘连接口令’不能为空,否则创建失败。 比如: mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′; 给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc的employee表进行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的权限,并设定口令为123。 mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′; 给来自10.163.225.87的用户joe分配可对数据库vtdc所有表进行所有操作的权限,并设定口令为123。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#由于安装了Yum Repository,所以每次yum操作都会自动更新,需要把这个卸载掉 [root@node4 ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================================================== Removing: mysql57-community-release noarch el7-10 installed 30 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package Installed size: 30 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Erasing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch 1/1 Removed: mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 Complete!
自此,yum安装MySQL完毕。
源码编译安装MySQL可以查看我的上一篇博客:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50562097/article/details/132117379,在此不再赘述。
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