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C# 使用WebRequest发送post和get请求_c# get请求

作者：小丑西瓜9 | 2024-03-18 01:57:17

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c# get请求

目录

1.get请求方式

1.1不需要请求参数时

1.2请求参数可以用表单数据(键值对)拼接时

2.POST请求方式

2.1请求参数为json字符串格式时

2.2请求参数为表单数据(键值对)格式时

2.3请求参数为多分部数据(复合式表单)格式时，(以上传文件接口为例)

本文主要介绍了通过C#中的WebRequest来发送post和get两种请求方式的过程。

1.get请求方式

1.1不需要请求参数时

url为请求的接口地址

  1. private string GetData(string url)
  2. {
  3.     string result = string.Empty;
  4.     string error = string.Empty;
  5.     try
  6.     {
  7.         HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
  8.         request.Timeout = 20000;  //超时时间
  9.         request.Method = "GET";  //请求方式
  10.         request.KeepAlive = true; //解决GetResponse操作超时问题
  11.         request.Headers.Add("Authorization", "token"); //如果接口需要鉴权, 把"token"换成自己需要的
  12.  
  13.         //通过HttpWebRequest的GetResponse()方法建立HttpWebResponse,强制类型转换
  14.         HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
  15. 		
  16.         //获取响应内容，返回的数据格式: {"status":"success","msg":"成功","data":{"info": "example"}}
  17.         string postContent = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
  18.         
  19.         //结果解析,异常情况判断
  20.         JObject json = JObject.Parse(postContent);
  21.         var gList = json["data"];
  22.         if (json["status"] == null || gList == null || json["msg"] == null)
  23.             error = "接口错误";
  24.         else if (json["status"].ToString() != "success")
  25.             error = string.Format("接口查询结果返回错误,{0}", json["msg"]);
  26.         else if (gList.ToString() != string.Empty)
  27.             result = gList["info"].ToString();
  28.         else { }
  29.     }
  30.     catch (Exception ex)
  31.     {
  32.         error = ex.Message;
  33.     }
  34.     if (error != string.Empty)
  35.         MessageBox.Show(error);
  36.  
  37.     return result;
  38. }

1.2请求参数可以用表单数据(键值对)拼接时

url为请求的接口地址，pairs为请求的参数(字典格式)

  1. private string GetUrlEncodeData(string url, Dictionary<string, string> pairs)
  2. {
  3.     string result = string.Empty;
  4.     string error = string.Empty;
  5.     try
  6.     {
  7.         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  8.         foreach (string key in pairs.Keys)
  9.             sb.Append(key).Append("=").Append(pairs[key]).Append("&");
  10.         if (pairs.Count > 0)
  11.             url = url + "?" + sb.ToString().Trim('&');
  12.  
  13.         HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
  14.         request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; //表单数据(键值对)
  15.         request.Timeout = 20000;  //超时时间
  16.         request.Method = "GET";  //请求方式
  17.         request.KeepAlive = true; //解决GetResponse操作超时问题
  18.         request.Headers.Add("Authorization", "token"); //如果接口需要鉴权, 把"token"换成自己需要的
  19.  
  20.         //通过HttpWebRequest的GetResponse()方法建立HttpWebResponse,强制类型转换
  21.         HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
  22.         //获取响应内容，返回的数据格式: {"status":"success","msg":"成功","data":{"info": "example"}}
  23.         string postContent = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
  24.         
  25.         //结果解析,异常情况判断
  26.         JObject json = JObject.Parse(postContent);
  27.         var gList = json["data"];
  28.         if (json["status"] == null || gList == null || json["msg"] == null)
  29.             error = "接口错误";
  30.         else if (json["status"].ToString() != "success")
  31.             error = string.Format("接口查询结果返回错误,{0}", json["msg"]);
  32.         else if (gList.ToString() != string.Empty)
  33.             result = gList["info"].ToString();
  34.         else { }
  35.     }
  36.     catch (Exception ex)
  37.     {
  38.         error = ex.Message;
  39.     }
  40.     if (error != string.Empty)
  41.         MessageBox.Show(error);
  42.  
  43.     return result;
  44. }

2.POST请求方式

2.1请求参数为json字符串格式时

url为请求的接口地址，pairs为请求的参数(字典格式)

  1. private string PostJsonData(string url, Dictionary<string, string> pairs)
  2. {
  3.     string result = string.Empty;
  4.     string error = string.Empty;
  5.     try
  6.     {
  7.         HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
  8.         request.Timeout = 20000;  //超时时间
  9.         request.Method = "POST";  //请求方式
  10.         request.KeepAlive = true; //解决GetResponse操作超时问题
  11.         request.Headers.Add("Authorization", "token"); //如果接口需要鉴权, 把"token"换成自己需要的
  12.  
  13.         //设置Content-type HTTP标头的值，即请求的媒体类型
  14.         request.ContentType = "application/json"; //json字符串
  15.         //request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data"; //多分部数据
  16.  
  17.         string content = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(pairs);
  18.         byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
  19.         //写入请求的参数
  20.         using (var stream = request.GetRequestStream())
  21.             stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
  22.  
  23.         //通过HttpWebRequest的GetResponse()方法建立HttpWebResponse,强制类型转换
  24.         HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
  25.  
  26.         //获取响应内容，返回的postContent是json字符串格式:{"status":"success","msg":"成功","data":{"info": "example"}}
  27.         string postContent = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
  28.         
  29.         //结果解析,异常情况判断
  30.         JObject json = JObject.Parse(postContent);
  31.         var gList = json["data"];
  32.         if (json["status"] == null || gList == null || json["msg"] == null)
  33.             error = "接口错误";
  34.         else if (json["status"].ToString() != "success")
  35.             error = string.Format("接口查询结果返回错误,{0}", json["msg"]);
  36.         else if (gList.ToString() != string.Empty)
  37.             result = gList["info"].ToString();
  38.         else { }
  39.     }
  40.     catch (Exception ex)
  41.     {
  42.         error = ex.Message;
  43.     }
  44.     if (error != string.Empty)
  45.         MessageBox.Show(error);
  46.  
  47.     return result;
  48. }

2.2请求参数为表单数据(键值对)格式时

url为请求的接口地址，pairs为请求的参数(字典格式)

  1. private string PostUrlEncodeData(string url, Dictionary<string, string> pairs)
  2. {
  3.     string result = string.Empty;
  4.     string error = string.Empty;
  5.     try
  6.     {
  7.         HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
  8.         request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; //表单数据(键值对)
  9.         request.Timeout = 20000;  //超时时间
  10.         request.Method = "POST";  //请求方式
  11.         request.KeepAlive = true; //解决GetResponse操作超时问题
  12.         request.Headers.Add("Authorization", "token"); //如果接口需要鉴权, 把"token"换成自己需要的
  13.  
  14.         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  15.         foreach (string key in pairs.Keys)
  16.             sb.Append(key).Append("=").Append(pairs[key]).Append("&");
  17.         string content = sb.ToString().Trim('&');
  18.         byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
  19.  
  20.         //写入请求的参数
  21.         using (var stream = request.GetRequestStream())
  22.             stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
  23.  
  24.         //通过HttpWebRequest的GetResponse()方法建立HttpWebResponse,强制类型转换
  25.         HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
  26.  
  27.         //获取响应内容，返回的json字符串postContent格式: 
  28.         //{"status":"success","msg":"成功","data":{"info": "example"}}
  29.         string postContent = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
  30.         
  31.         //结果解析,异常情况判断
  32.         JObject json = JObject.Parse(postContent);
  33.         var gList = json["data"];
  34.         if (json["status"] == null || gList == null || json["msg"] == null)
  35.             error = "接口错误";
  36.         else if (json["status"].ToString() != "success")
  37.             error = string.Format("接口查询结果返回错误,{0}", json["msg"]);
  38.         else if (gList.ToString() != string.Empty)
  39.             result = gList["info"].ToString();
  40.         else { }
  41.     }
  42.     catch (Exception ex)
  43.     {
  44.         error = ex.Message;
  45.     }
  46.     if (error != string.Empty)
  47.         MessageBox.Show(error);
  48.  
  49.     return result;
  50. }

2.3请求参数为多分部数据(复合式表单)格式时，(以上传文件接口为例)

url为请求的接口地址，filePath为文件的绝对路径。

首先获取本地文件路径，

  1. string uploadURL = "http://127.0.0.1:8888/api/test/";
  2. string uploadFilePath = string.Empty;
  3.  
  4. OpenFileDialog openFileDialog = new OpenFileDialog
  5. {
  6.     Filter = "所有文件|*.*"
  7. };
  8. if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
  9.     uploadFilePath = openFileDialog.FileName;
  10.  
  11. string result = PostMultipartData(uploadURL, uploadFilePath);

上传文件函数

  1. private string PostMultipartData(string url, string filePath)
  2. {
  3.     string result = string.Empty;
  4.     string error = string.Empty;
  5.     try
  6.     {
  7.         HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
  8.  
  9.         request.Timeout = 20000;  //超时时间
  10.         request.Method = "POST";  //请求方式
  11.         request.KeepAlive = true; //解决GetResponse操作超时问题
  12.         request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data"; //多分部数据(复合式表单)
  13.         request.Headers.Add("Authorization", "token"); //如果接口需要鉴权, 把"token"换成自己需要的
  14.         
  15.         //读取文件内容
  16.         FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
  17.         byte[] fileData = new byte[fs.Length];
  18.         fs.Read(fileData, 0, fileData.Length);
  19.  
  20.         string fileName = Path.GetFileName(filePath);
  21.  
  22.         //浏览器在发送表单的enctype="multipart/form-data", 需要在往后台发送请求的时候添加一个[boundary]属性
  23.         string boundary = "test" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");  // 边界符, "test"可以改, 其他部分不能改
  24.         byte[] boundarybytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");  // 边界符开始
  25.         byte[] endbytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n");  // 边界符结束
  26.  
  27.         //写入请求的参数
  28.         using (var stream = request.GetRequestStream())
  29.         {
  30.             //获取文件头的字节序列
  31.             string temp = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\n";
  32.             string header = string.Format(temp, "file", fileName);
  33.             byte[] fileHeader = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
  34.  
  35.             stream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length); //写入FormData项的开始边界符
  36.             stream.Write(fileHeader, 0, fileHeader.Length); //将文件头写入FormData项中
  37.  
  38.             stream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length); //每两次写入之间要加入开始边界符
  39.             stream.Write(fileData, 0, fileData.Length);  //将文件流写入FormData项
  40.             stream.Write(endbytes, 0, endbytes.Length);  //写入FormData的结束边界符
  41.         }
  42.  
  43.         //通过HttpWebRequest的GetResponse()方法建立HttpWebResponse,强制类型转换
  44.         HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
  45.  
  46.         //获取响应内容，返回的json字符串postContent格式: 
  47.         //{"status":"success","msg":"成功","data":{"info": "example"}}
  48.         string postContent = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()).ReadToEnd();
  49.  
  50.         //结果解析,异常情况判断
  51.         JObject json = JObject.Parse(postContent);
  52.         var gList = json["data"];
  53.         if (json["status"] == null || gList == null || json["msg"] == null)
  54.             error = "接口错误";
  55.         else if (json["status"].ToString() != "success")
  56.             error = string.Format("接口查询结果返回错误,{0}", json["msg"]);
  57.         else if (gList.ToString() != string.Empty)
  58.             result = gList["info"].ToString();
  59.         else { }
  60.     }
  61.     catch (Exception ex)
  62.     {
  63.         error = ex.Message;
  64.     }
  65.     if (error != string.Empty)
  66.         MessageBox.Show(error);
  67.  
  68.     return result;
  69. }

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