前言
Android SDK 提供了两套音频采集的API,分别是:MediaRecorder 和 AudioRecord,前者是一个更加上层一点的API,它可以直接把手机麦克风录入的音频数据进行编码压缩(如AMR、MP3等)并存成文件,而后者则更接近底层,能够更加自由灵活地控制,可以得到原始的一帧帧PCM音频数据。
实现流程
- 获取权限
- 初始化获取每一帧流的Size
- 初始化音频录制AudioRecord
- 开始录制与保存录制音频文件
- 停止录制
- 给音频文件添加头部信息,并且转换格式成wav
- 释放AudioRecord,录制流程完毕
获取权限
<!--音频录制权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" /> <!--读取和写入存储权限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
如果是Android5.0以上,以上3个权限需要动态授权
初始化获取每一帧流的Size
private Integer mRecordBufferSize; private void initMinBufferSize(){ //获取每一帧的字节流大小 mRecordBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(8000 , AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO , AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT); }
第一个参数sampleRateInHz 采样率(赫兹),方法注释里有说明
只能在4000到192000的范围内取值
在AudioFormat类里
public static final int SAMPLE_RATE_HZ_MIN = 4000; 最小4000
public static final int SAMPLE_RATE_HZ_MAX = 192000; 最大192000
第二个参数channelConfig 声道配置 描述音频声道的配置,例如左声道/右声道/前声道/后声道。
在AudioFormat类录
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_LEFT = 0x4;//左声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT = 0x8;//右声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_FRONT = 0x10;//前声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_BACK = 0x20;//后声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_LEFT_PROCESSED = 0x40;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT_PROCESSED = 0x80;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_FRONT_PROCESSED = 0x100;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_BACK_PROCESSED = 0x200;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_PRESSURE = 0x400;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_X_AXIS = 0x800;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_Y_AXIS = 0x1000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_Z_AXIS = 0x2000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_VOICE_UPLINK = 0x4000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_VOICE_DNLINK = 0x8000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_MONO = CHANNEL_IN_FRONT;//单声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_STEREO = (CHANNEL_IN_LEFT | CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT);//立体声道(左右声道)
第三个参数audioFormat 音频格式 表示音频数据的格式。
注意!一般的手机设备可能只支持 16位PCM编码,如果其他的都会报错为坏值.
public static final int ENCODING_PCM_16BIT = 2; //16位PCM编码
public static final int ENCODING_PCM_8BIT = 3; //8位PCM编码
public static final int ENCODING_PCM_FLOAT = 4; //4位PCM编码
public static final int ENCODING_AC3 = 5;
public static final int ENCODING_E_AC3 = 6;
public static final int ENCODING_DTS = 7;
public static final int ENCODING_DTS_HD = 8;
public static final int ENCODING_MP3 = 9; //MP3编码 此格式可能会因为不设备不支持报错
public static final int ENCODING_AAC_LC = 10;
public static final int ENCODING_AAC_HE_V1 = 11;
public static final int ENCODING_AAC_HE_V2 = 12;
初始化音频录制AudioRecord
private AudioRecord mAudioRecord; private void initAudioRecord(){ mAudioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC , 8000 , AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO , AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT , mRecordBufferSize); }
- 第一个参数audioSource 音频源 这里选择使用麦克风:MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC
- 第二个参数sampleRateInHz 采样率(赫兹) 与前面初始化获取每一帧流的Size保持一致
- 第三个参数channelConfig 声道配置 描述音频声道的配置,例如左声道/右声道/前声道/后声道。 与前面初始化获取每一帧流的Size保持一致
- 第四个参数audioFormat 音频格式 表示音频数据的格式。 与前面初始化获取每一帧流的Size保持一致
- 第五个参数缓存区大小,就是上面我们配置的AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize
开始录制与保存录制音频文件
private boolean mWhetherRecord; private File pcmFile; private void startRecord(){ pcmFile = new File(AudioRecordActivity.this.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(),"audioRecord.pcm"); mWhetherRecord = true; new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mAudioRecord.startRecording();//开始录制 FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null; try { fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(pcmFile); byte[] bytes = new byte[mRecordBufferSize]; while (mWhetherRecord){ mAudioRecord.read(bytes, 0, bytes.length);//读取流 fileOutputStream.write(bytes); fileOutputStream.flush(); } Log.e(TAG, "run: 暂停录制" ); mAudioRecord.stop();//停止录制 fileOutputStream.flush(); fileOutputStream.close(); addHeadData();//添加音频头部信息并且转成wav格式 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); mAudioRecord.stop(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); }
这里说明一下为什么用布尔值,来关闭录制.有些小伙伴会发现AudioRecord是可以获取到录制状态的.那么肯定有人会用状态来判断while是否还需要处理流.这种是错误的做法.因为MIC属于硬件层任何硬件的东西都是异步的而且会有很大的延时.所以回调的状态也是有延时的,有时候流没了,但是状态还是显示为正在录制.
停止录制
就是调用mAudioRecord.stop();方法来停止录制,但是因为我在上面的保存流后做了调用停止视频录制,所以我这里只需要切换布尔值就可以关闭音频录制
private void stopRecord(){ mWhetherRecord = false; }
给音频文件添加头部信息,并且转换格式成wav
音频录制完成后,这个时候去存储目录找到音频文件部分,会提示无法播放文件.其实是因为没有加入音频头部信息.一般通过麦克风采集的录音数据都是PCM格式的,即不包含头部信息,播放器无法知道音频采样率、位宽等参数,导致无法播放,显然是非常不方便的。pcm转换成wav,我们只需要在pcm的文件起始位置加上至少44个字节的WAV头信息即可。
private void addHeadData(){ pcmFile = new File(AudioRecordActivity.this.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(),"audioRecord.pcm"); handlerWavFile = new File(AudioRecordActivity.this.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(),"audioRecord_handler.wav"); PcmToWavUtil pcmToWavUtil = new PcmToWavUtil(8000,AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT); pcmToWavUtil.pcmToWav(pcmFile.toString(),handlerWavFile.toString()); }
写入头部信息的工具类
注意输入File和输出File不能同一个,因为没有做缓存.
public class PcmToWavUtil { private static final String TAG = "PcmToWavUtil"; /** * 缓存的音频大小 */ private int mBufferSize; /** * 采样率 */ private int mSampleRate; /** * 声道数 */ private int mChannel; /** * @param sampleRate sample rate、采样率 * @param channel channel、声道 * @param encoding Audio data format、音频格式 */ PcmToWavUtil(int sampleRate, int channel, int encoding) { this.mSampleRate = sampleRate; this.mChannel = channel; this.mBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(mSampleRate, mChannel, encoding); } /** * pcm文件转wav文件 * * @param inFilename 源文件路径 * @param outFilename 目标文件路径 */ public void pcmToWav(String inFilename, String outFilename) { FileInputStream in; FileOutputStream out; long totalAudioLen;//总录音长度 long totalDataLen;//总数据长度 long longSampleRate = mSampleRate; int channels = mChannel == AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO ? 1 : 2; long byteRate = 16 * mSampleRate * channels / 8; byte[] data = new byte[mBufferSize]; try { in = new FileInputStream(inFilename); out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename); totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size(); totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36; writeWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen, longSampleRate, channels, byteRate); while (in.read(data) != -1) { out.write(data); out.flush(); } Log.e(TAG, "pcmToWav: 停止处理"); in.close(); out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 加入wav文件头 */ private void writeWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen, long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate) throws IOException { byte[] header = new byte[44]; // RIFF/WAVE header header[0] = 'R'; header[1] = 'I'; header[2] = 'F'; header[3] = 'F'; header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff); //WAVE header[8] = 'W'; header[9] = 'A'; header[10] = 'V'; header[11] = 'E'; // 'fmt ' chunk header[12] = 'f'; header[13] = 'm'; header[14] = 't'; header[15] = ' '; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk header[16] = 16; header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; // format = 1 header[20] = 1; header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channels; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff); header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff); // block align header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); header[33] = 0; // bits per sample header[34] = 16; header[35] = 0; //data header[36] = 'd'; header[37] = 'a'; header[38] = 't'; header[39] = 'a'; header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff); out.write(header, 0, 44); } }
释放AudioRecord,录制流程完毕
调用release()方法释放资源
mAudioRecord.release();
最后你就可以在指定目录下找到音频文件播放了
最后介绍下其他API
获取AudioRecord初始化状态
public int getState() { return mState; }
注意!这里是初始化状态,不是录制状态,它只会返回2个状态
- AudioRecord#STATE_INITIALIZED //已经初始化
- AudioRecord#STATE_UNINITIALIZED //没有初始化
获取AudioRecord录制状态
public int getRecordingState() { synchronized (mRecordingStateLock) { return mRecordingState; } }
返回录制状态,它只返回2个状态
- AudioRecord#RECORDSTATE_STOPPED //停止录制
- AudioRecord#RECORDSTATE_RECORDING //正在录制