bin文件对比_云计算实战系列三(Linux文件管理)

/目录结构： FSH (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard)
[root@newrain ~]# ls /
bin dev lib media net root srv usr
boot etc lib64 misc opt sbin sys var home mnt proc tmp

[root@newrain ~]# ll  /dev/sda /dev/log /etc/passwd /dev/tty1 /lib64 /home
srw-rw-rw-  1 root root    0 Aug  4 21:41 /dev/log
brw-rw----  1 root disk 8, 0 Aug  4 21:41 /dev/sda
crw--w----  1 root tty  4, 1 Aug  4 21:53 /dev/tty1
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1069 Jul 26 23:12 /etc/passwd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    9 Jul 23 23:29 /lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Mar 14 11:00 /home

[root@newrain ~]$ file /etc/hosts
/etc/hosts: ASCII text
 
root@newrain ~]$ file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=aa7ff68f13de25936a098016243ce57c3c982e06, stripped
 
[root@newrain ~]$ file /dev/sda
/dev/sda: block special
 
[root@newrain ~]$ file /dev/tty1
/dev/tty1: character special
 
[root@newrain ~]$ file /etc/grub2.cfg 
/etc/grub2.cfg: broken symbolic link to `../boot/grub2/grub.cfg'
[root@newrain ~]$ file /home
/home: directory

[root@newrain ~]# touch testfile  //无则创建，有则修改时间
[root@newrain ~]# touch ./testfile 
[root@newrain ~]# touch /tmp/testfile
[root@newrain ~]# touch /tmp/testfile{1..20}
[root@newrain ~]# touch /tmp/testfile{a..z}
[root@newrain ~]# touch /tmp/testfile{a,c,1,2}

mkdir dir1
 
mkdir /home/dir2 /home/dir3
 
mkdir /home/{dir4,dir5}
 
mkdir -v /home/{dir6,dir7}      #显示详细信息，遍历
 
mkdir -v /home/dir8/111/22
 
mkdir -pv /home/dir8/111/222 #包括其父母的创建，不会有任何消息输出
1
mkdir -pv /home/{yang/{dir1,111},newrain}

cd
 
mkdir /home/dir{1,2}
 
cp -v install.log /home/dir1      //-v 显示详细信息
 
cp -v install.log /home/dir1/yang.txt

touch  /root/file1

mv    /root/file1    /tmp
ls    /tmp/file1

mv    /tmp/file1     /tmp/file2

ls  /tmp/file1    /tmp/file2

cd /home
 
rm -rf dir1

​```shell
[root@newrain ~]# mkdir /home/dir10
[root@newrain ~]# touch /home/dir10/{file2,file3,.file4}
[root@newrain ~]# rm -rf /home/dir10/* //不包括隐藏文件
[root@newrain ~]# ls /home/dir10/ -a
​```
. .. .file4

[root@newrain ~]# rm -rf file*
[root@newrain ~]# rm -rf *.pdf

cat  /etc/passwd

more  /etc/passwd

[root@newrain ~]# head /etc/passwd
[root@newrain ~]# head -2 /etc/passwd

[root@newrain ~]# tail /etc/passwd
[root@newrain ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
[root@newrain ~]# tail /var/log/messages
[root@newrain ~]# tail -20 /var/log/messages
[root@newrain ~]# tail -f /var/log/secure //-f 动态查看文件的尾部
[root@newrain ~]# tail -F /var/log/secure //-F 动态查看文件的尾部
 
tail -f 等同于--follow=descriptor，根据文件描述符进行追踪，当文件改名或被删除，追踪停止
tail -F 等同于--follow=name --retry，根据文件名进行追踪，并保持重试，即该文件被删除或改名后，如果 再次创建相同的文件名，会继续追踪

grep 'root' /etc/passwd
 
grep '^root' /etc/passwd
 
grep 'bash$' /etc/passwd
 
grep 'failure' /var/log/secure

[root@newrain ~]# ls -l install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34793 10-23 13:49 install.log
 
[root@newrain ~]# stat install.log
File: “install.log”
Size: 34793 Blocks: 80 IO Block: 4096 一般文件
Device: 802h/2050d Inode: 65282 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2012-10-23 16:53:20.000000000 +0800
Modify: 2012-10-23 13:49:46.000000000 +0800
Change: 2012-10-23 13:49:52.000000000 +0800