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src="https://cdn.wpsshop.cn/public/wpsshopindex/js/mid_detail_last.js?v=33890"></script><style type="text/css"></style><script type="text/javascript"></script><div class="interactive_info" id="body-data-0098" attrv="50142"></div><div class="article_box" style="overflow: hidden;"><div class="article_channel"><div class="channel_top_line"><div class="cn_t_l"></div><div class="cn_t_r"></div></div><div class="article_channel_info">当前位置: <a href="/article/list/1">article</a> > 正文 </div></div><div class="article_title"><h1>java多线程之线程安全问题_现成安全</h1></div><div class="article_info"><div class="article_c_info"> 作者：很楠不爱3 | 2024-05-31 03:34:30</div><div class="article_click" style="width: 140px;"><p class="operation-b-img operation-b-img-active"><i class="img-up txclick" attc="upclick" attn="0"></i><span class="num"> 赞</span></p><p class="operation-b-img operation-b-img-active"><i class="img-down txclick" attc="downclick" attn="0"></i><span class="num">踩</span></p></div></div><div class="article_intro">现成安全</div><div class="article_content article_contentheight"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/mdeditor/css/editerView/kdoc_html_views-1a98987dfd.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/mdeditor/css/editerView/ck_htmledit_views-044f2cf1dc.css"> <div id="content_views" class="markdown_views prism-atom-one-light"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display: none;"> <path stroke-linecap="round" d="M5,0 0,2.5 5,5z" id="raphael-marker-block" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"></path> </svg> <h3><a name="t0"></a><a id="_0"></a>什么是<a href="https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020" target="_blank" class="hl hl-1" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7020","dest":"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020","extra":"{\"searchword\":\"线程安全\"}"}" data-tit="线程安全" data-pretit="线程安全">线程安全</a>问题？</h3> <p>例子：创建三个窗口卖票总票数100张使用实现Runnable接口的方式</p> <ol><li>存在线程安全问题<br> 卖票的过程中出现了重票，错票 -->出现了线程安全问题</li></ol> <pre data-index="0" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">class Window1 implements Runnable{ private int ticket=100; @Override public void run() { while (true){ if (ticket > 0) { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票，票号为" + ticket); ticket--; } else { break; } } } } public class WindowsTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) { //只创建了一个对象 Window1 window1 = new Window1(); //只是用了三个构造器 Thread t1 = new Thread(window1); Thread t2 = new Thread(window1); Thread t3 = new Thread(window1); t3.setName("窗口三"); t2.setName("窗口二"); t1.setName("窗口一"); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li 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153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li></ul></pre> <p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210413112206559.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N0dWRlbnQxMTF3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br> 2. 出现问题的原因：当某个线程操作车票过程中，尚未操作完成时，其他线程参与进来操作车票。<br> 3.如何解决：当一个线程操作票的时候，其他线程不能参与进来，知道线程a操作完ticket（票）的时候，其他线程才可以操作票（ticket）<br> 即使线程a出现了阻塞也不能改变<br> 4.在java中，我们通过同步机制来解决现成安全问题</p> <pre data-index="1" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">方式一：同步代码块 * 关键字：synchronized（同步监视器）{ * //需要被同步的代码 * * } * 说明： 1.需要被同步的代码指：操作共享数据的代码 ----->不能包含代码多了也不能包含代码少了 * 2.共享数据：多个线程共同操作的变量：比如ticket（票）就是共享数据 * 3.同步监视器,俗称：锁。任何一个类的对象都可以充当锁 * 要求：多个线程必须要共用同一把锁 * 补充：在实现Runnable接口创建多线程的方式中，我们可以考虑使用this充当同步监视器。 * 在继承Thread类创建多线程的方式中，慎用this充当同步监视器。没说一定不能用可以考虑用当前类充当同步监视器 <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li></ul></pre> <pre data-index="2" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">class Window1 implements Runnable{ Object obj=new Object(); private int ticket=100; @Override public void run() { while (true){ // synchronized(obj){ //用当前对象当锁实现runnable接口可以继承Thread不可以 synchronized(this){//此时的this：唯一的window1的对象1 if (ticket > 0) { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票，票号为" + ticket); ticket--; } else { break; } } } } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: 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解决继承Thread方式的线程安全问题</p> <pre data-index="3" class="set-code-show prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">/** * 例子：创建三个窗口卖票总票数100张使用继承Thread类的方式 * 存在线程安全问题 * * 使用同步代码块的方式解决继承Thread类的线程安全问题 * 继承Thread 锁对象不唯一 * 在继承Thread类创建多线程的方式中，慎用this充当同步监视器。没说一定不能用可以考虑用当前类充当同步监视器 * 这是一个新建的类 */ <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li></ul></pre> <pre data-index="4" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">class Window2 extends Thread{ private static Object obj=new Object(); //需要加上static 每个对象都会共享这一个静态变量如果不加就会每个对象都获取一个会卖300张票 private static int ticket=100; //卖票 @Override public void run() { while (true) { // synchronized (obj) { //继承Thread类的方式不可以使用this充当锁 // synchronized(this){ //用当前类充当锁类也是对象是唯一的类只会加载一次 synchronized(Window2.class){//(类做对象)Class clazz=Window2.class //如果票数大于0 if (ticket > 0) { try { sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "：卖了一张票，票号为" + ticket); ticket--; } else {//如果票数为零跳出循环结束操作 break; } } } } } public class WindowsTest2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建三个卖票的窗口 Window2 t1 = new Window2(); Window2 t2 = new Window2(); Window2 t3 = new Window2(); //为线程设置名字 t1.setName("窗口一"); t2.setName("窗口二"); t3.setName("窗口三"); //开启线程开始卖票 t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li 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style="position: unset;"> /** * 使用同步方法解决实现runnable接口的线程安全问题 * 关于同步方法的总结： * 1.同步方法仍然涉及到同步监视器，只是不需要我们显示的声明。 * 2.非静态的同步方法，同步监视器是：this * 静态的同步方法它的同步监视器是当前类本身 * */ <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li></ul></pre> <pre data-index="6" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">class Window3 implements Runnable{ private int ticket=100; @Override public void run() { while (true) { show(); } } //把卖票的方法抽取出来 private synchronized void show(){//同步监视器就是this // synchronized (this) { if (ticket > 0) { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票，票号为" + ticket); ticket--; } // } } } public class WindowsTest3 { public static void main(String[] args) { //只创建了一个对象 Window3 window3 = new Window3(); //只是用了三个构造器 Thread t1 = new Thread(window3); Thread t2 = new Thread(window3); Thread t3 = new Thread(window3); t3.setName("窗口三"); t2.setName("窗口二"); t1.setName("窗口一"); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" 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src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210413112737525.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N0dWRlbnQxMTF3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br> 第二种：使用继承Thread的线程安全问题解决</p> <pre data-index="7" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">/** * 使用同步方法处理继承Thread类的方式中的线程安全问题 */ class Window4 extends Thread{ private static Object obj=new Object(); //需要加上static 每个对象都会共享这一个静态变量如果不加就会每个对象都获取一个会卖300张票 private static int ticket=100; //卖票 @Override public void run() { while (true) { show(); } } private static synchronized void show(){//同步监视器:Windows4.class // private synchronized void show(){//同步监视器t1,t2,t3 此种解决方式是错误的 //继承Thread类的方式不可以使用this充当锁 //如果票数大于0 if (ticket > 0) { try { sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "：卖了一张票，票号为" + ticket); ticket--; } } } public class WindowsTest4 { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建三个卖票的窗口 Window4 t1 = new Window4(); Window4 t2 = new Window4(); Window4 t3 = new Window4(); //为线程设置名字 t1.setName("窗口一"); t2.setName("窗口二"); t3.setName("窗口三"); //开启线程开始卖票 t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 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src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210413112933736.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1N0dWRlbnQxMTF3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p> <h3><a name="t2"></a><a id="Lock_275"></a>方式三：Lock锁</h3> <p>解决线程安全问题的方式三：lock锁 -----jdk5.0新增<br> java.util.concurrent.locks<br> 接口 Lock<br> 实现类 ReentrantLock<br> 此类的构造方法接受一个可选的公平参数。当设置为 true 时，在多个线程的争用下，这些锁倾向于将访问权授予等待时间最长的线程。</p> <pre data-index="8" class="set-code-hide prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" onclick="mdcp.signin(event)" style="position: unset;">class Window implements Runnable { private int ticket = 100; //1.实例化一个lock 参数传递true会根据先后顺序执行线程 private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); @Override public void run() { while (true) { //调用锁定的方法lock方法上锁 lock.lock(); try { if (ticket > 0) { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "售票：票号为： " + ticket); ticket--; } else { break; } } finally { //3.调用解锁的方法 lock.unlock();//解锁 } } } } public class LockTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Window window = new Window(); Thread thread1 = new Thread(window); Thread thread2 = new Thread(window); Thread thread3 = new Thread(window); thread1.setName("窗口一"); thread2.setName("窗口二"); thread3.setName("窗口三"); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread3.start(); } } <div class="hljs-button signin active" data-title="登录复制" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4334"}"></div></code><div class="hide-preCode-box"><span class="hide-preCode-bt" data-report-view="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.7365"}"><img class="look-more-preCode contentImg-no-view" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/newCodeMoreWhite.png" alt="" title=""></span></div><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 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