openSSL生成公钥/私钥对的命令行_openssl 生成 rsa 2048key pair

作者：我家小花儿 | 2024-03-25 08:39:00

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openssl 生成 rsa 2048key pair

生成公钥、私钥对的openssl命令行：

    
    genrsa -out private.pem 2048
rsa -in private.pem -inform pem -out public.key -outform der -pubout
rsa -in private.pem -inform pem -out private.key -outform der
pkcs8 -topk8 -inform der -in  private.key -out pkcs8_private.key -outform der -nocrypt

生成服务端私钥private.pem, 扩展名是pem, 即这个文件的内容是 human-readable的.

   
   openssl> genrsa -out private.pem 2048

利用已经生成的密钥文件private.pem生成公钥文件public.key, 该文件是der格式的，即not-human-readable. 这条命令同时保证生成的公钥文件满足国际电联的X.509证书标准, 虽然public.key在这里只是个公钥文件并不是证书.

   
   openssl> rsa -in private.pem -inform pem -out public.key -outform der -pubout

为了保护私钥的数据，防止被直接识别, 需要将pem文件转换成der文件, 转换之后的文件是not-human-readable.

   
   openssl> rsa -in private.pem -inform pem -out private.key -outform der

最重要的一条, 要使得private.key符合PKCS#8标准, 需要使用pkcs8 命令行进行转换，转换后的密钥文件pkcs8_private.key可以直接为java使用.

      
      pkcs8 -topk8 -inform der -in  private.key -out pkcs8_private.key -outform der -nocrypt

测试代码：

        
        package com.reindel.ciphers;
 
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
 
public class RSACipher {
    public String encrypt(String rawText, String publicKeyPath, String transformation, String encoding)
            throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
 
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(IOUtils.toByteArray(new FileInputStream(publicKeyPath)));
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(transformation);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec)); 
        return Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(rawText.getBytes(encoding)));
    }
 
    public String decrypt(String cipherText, String privateKeyPath, String transformation, String encoding)
            throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException { 

        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(IOUtils.toByteArray(new FileInputStream(privateKeyPath))); 
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(transformation);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec));
        return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(cipherText)), encoding);
    }
}

         
         package com.reindel.ciphers;
 
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.reindel.keys.RSAKeyPair;
 
public class RASACipherTest {
    private final String privateKeyPathName = "C://temp//pkcs8_private.key";
    private final String publicKeyPathName = "C://temp//public.key";
    private final String transformation = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
    private final String encoding = "UTF-8";
     
    @Test
    public void testEncryptDecryptWithKeyPairFiles()
            throws Exception {     
        try {
            String toBeEncrypt = " 2.John has a long mustache too; 3.John has a long mustache too; 4.John has a long mustache too; 5.John has a long mustache too; 6.John has a long mustache too; 7.John has a long mustache too; 8.John has a ;";

            byte[] bytesToEncypt = toBeEncrypt.getBytes();
            int length = bytesToEncypt.length;            
            System.out.println("Bytes length = " + length);
            
            RSACipher rsaCipher = new RSACipher();
            String encrypted = rsaCipher.encrypt(toBeEncrypt, publicKeyPathName, transformation, encoding);
            System.out.println("encrypted string: " + encrypted);

            System.out.println("Before decrypt()");
            String decrypted = rsaCipher.decrypt(encrypted, privateKeyPathName, transformation, encoding);
            System.out.println("decrypted string: " + decrypted);
             
        } catch(Exception exception) {
        	System.out.println(exception.getMessage());
            Assert.fail("The testEncryptDecryptWithKeyPairFiles() test failed because: " + exception.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

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