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本文主要对B站的Flink视频进行学习并实操,将相关重点进行记录,当做自己的学习笔记,以便快速上手进行开发。
CDC 是 Change Data Capture(变更数据获取)的简称。核心思想是,监测并捕获数据库 的变动(包括数据或数据表的插入、更新以及删除等),将这些变更按发生的顺序完整记录 下来,写入到消息中间件中以供其他服务进行订阅及消费。
CDC 主要分为基于查询和基于 Binlog 两种方式。
Flink 社区开发了 flink-cdc-connectors 组件,这是一个可以直接从 MySQL、PostgreSQL 等数据库直接读取全量数据和增量变更数据的 source 组件。
开源地址:https://github.com/ververica/flink-cdc-connectors
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
<version>1.12.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-streaming-java_2.12</artifactId>
<version>1.12.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-clients_2.12</artifactId>
<version>1.12.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
<version>3.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-table-planner-blink_2.12</artifactId>
<version>1.12.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ververica</groupId>
<artifactId>flink-connector-mysql-cdc</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.75</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<!-- 可以将依赖打到jar包中 -->
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.MySqlSource;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.table.StartupOptions;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.DebeziumSourceFunction;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.StringDebeziumDeserializationSchema;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
/**
* FlinkCDC
*
* @author hutianyi
* @date 2022/5/30
**/
public class FlinkCDC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.获取Flink执行环境
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//通过FlinkCDC构建SourceFunction
DebeziumSourceFunction<String> sourceFunction = MySqlSource.<String>builder()
.hostname("hadoop102")
.port(3306)
.username("root")
.password("123456")
.databaseList("cdc_test") //监控的数据库
.tableList("cdc_test.user_info") //监控的数据库下的表
.deserializer(new StringDebeziumDeserializationSchema())//反序列化
.startupOptions(StartupOptions.initial())
.build();
DataStreamSource<String> dataStreamSource = env.addSource(sourceFunction);
//3.数据打印
dataStreamSource.print();
//4.启动任务
env.execute("FlinkCDC");
}
}
开启MysqlBinlog:
sudo vim /etc/my.cnf
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
binlog-do-db=cdc_test
重启mysql:
sudo systemctl restart mysqld
切换至root用户,检查是否成功开启:
cd /var/lib/mysql
新建数据库和表,并写入数据:
重新查看binlog文件:
已经由154变成了926,说明binlog开启没有问题。
启动项目:
新增一条数据:
可以看到控制台已经捕获到新增的数据:
修改第二条数据:
在控制台可以看到捕获到变化的数据:
删除第二条数据:
只有before的数据。
注意到op有不同的值:
r:查询读取 c:新增 u:更新 d:删除
代码中开启checkpoint:
//1.1开启checkpoint
env.enableCheckpointing(5000);//5秒钟
env.getCheckpointConfig().setCheckpointTimeout(10000);
env.getCheckpointConfig().setCheckpointingMode(CheckpointingMode.EXACTLY_ONCE);
env.getCheckpointConfig().setMaxConcurrentCheckpoints(1);
env.setStateBackend(new FsStateBackend("hdfs://hadoop102:8020/cdc-test/ck"));
打包:
启动flink集群:
./start-cluster.sh
将打好的jar包上传至集群:
启动:
bin/flink run -m hadoop102:8081 -c com.tianyi.FlinkCDC ./flink-cdc-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
在Flink webui进行查看:8081端口
查看日志:
给当前的 Flink 程序创建 Savepoint:
bin/flink savepoint JobId hdfs://hadoop102:8020/flink/save
关闭程序以后从 Savepoint 重启程序:
bin/flink run -s hdfs://hadoop102:8020/flink/save/... -c 全类名 flink-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple2;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.table.api.Table;
import org.apache.flink.table.api.bridge.java.StreamTableEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.types.Row;
public class FlinkSQLCDC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建执行环境
StreamExecutionEnvironment env =
StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
StreamTableEnvironment tableEnv = StreamTableEnvironment.create(env);
//2.创建 Flink-MySQL-CDC 的 Source
tableEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE user_info (" +
" id STRING primary key," +
" name STRING," +
" sex STRING" +
") WITH (" +
" 'connector' = 'mysql-cdc'," +
" 'scan.startup.mode' = 'latest-offset'," +
" 'hostname' = 'hadoop102'," +
" 'port' = '3306'," +
" 'username' = 'root'," +
" 'password' = '123456'," +
" 'database-name' = 'cdc_test'," +
" 'table-name' = 'user_info'" +
")");
//3. 查询数据并转换为流输出
Table table = tableEnv.sqlQuery("select * from user_info");
DataStream<Tuple2<Boolean, Row>> retractStream = tableEnv.toRetractStream(table, Row.class);
retractStream.print();
//4. 启动
env.execute("FlinkSQLCDC");
}
}
启动项目:
增添数据:
控制台捕获到变更:
代码实现:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.DebeziumDeserializationSchema;
import io.debezium.data.Envelope;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.BasicTypeInfo;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Field;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Schema;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Struct;
import org.apache.kafka.connect.source.SourceRecord;
import java.util.List;
public class CustomerDeserializationSchema implements DebeziumDeserializationSchema<String> {
/**
* {
* "db":"",
* "tableName":"",
* "before":{"id":"1001","name":""...},
* "after":{"id":"1001","name":""...},
* "op":""
* }
*/
@Override
public void deserialize(SourceRecord sourceRecord, Collector<String> collector) throws Exception {
//创建JSON对象用于封装结果数据
JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
//获取库名&表名
String topic = sourceRecord.topic();
String[] fields = topic.split("\\.");
result.put("db", fields[1]);
result.put("tableName", fields[2]);
//获取before数据
Struct value = (Struct) sourceRecord.value();
Struct before = value.getStruct("before");
JSONObject beforeJson = new JSONObject();
if (before != null) {
//获取列信息
Schema schema = before.schema();
List<Field> fieldList = schema.fields();
for (Field field : fieldList) {
beforeJson.put(field.name(), before.get(field));
}
}
result.put("before", beforeJson);
//获取after数据
Struct after = value.getStruct("after");
JSONObject afterJson = new JSONObject();
if (after != null) {
//获取列信息
Schema schema = after.schema();
List<Field> fieldList = schema.fields();
for (Field field : fieldList) {
afterJson.put(field.name(), after.get(field));
}
}
result.put("after", afterJson);
//获取操作类型
Envelope.Operation operation = Envelope.operationFor(sourceRecord);
result.put("op", operation);
//输出数据
collector.collect(result.toJSONString());
}
@Override
public TypeInformation<String> getProducedType() {
return BasicTypeInfo.STRING_TYPE_INFO;
}
}
创建自定义序列化对象处理:
import com.tianyi.func.CustomerDeserializationSchema;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.MySqlSource;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.table.StartupOptions;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.DebeziumSourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
public class FlinkCDC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.获取Flink 执行环境
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
//1.1 开启CK
// env.enableCheckpointing(5000);
// env.getCheckpointConfig().setCheckpointTimeout(10000);
// env.getCheckpointConfig().setCheckpointingMode(CheckpointingMode.EXACTLY_ONCE);
// env.getCheckpointConfig().setMaxConcurrentCheckpoints(1);
//
// env.setStateBackend(new FsStateBackend("hdfs://hadoop102:8020/cdc-test/ck"));
//2.通过FlinkCDC构建SourceFunction
DebeziumSourceFunction<String> sourceFunction = MySqlSource.<String>builder()
.hostname("hadoop102")
.port(3306)
.username("root")
.password("123456")
.databaseList("cdc_test")
// .tableList("cdc_test.user_info")
//使用自定义的反序列化器
.deserializer(new CustomerDeserializationSchema())
.startupOptions(StartupOptions.initial())
.build();
DataStreamSource<String> dataStreamSource = env.addSource(sourceFunction);
//3.数据打印
dataStreamSource.print();
//4.启动任务
env.execute("FlinkCDC");
}
}
DataStream 在 Flink1.12 和 1.13 都可以用,而 FlinkSQL 只能在 Flink1.13 使用。
DataStream 可以同时监控多库多表,而 FlinkSQL 只能监控单表。
本文主要介绍了Flink CDC的概念,以及对于DataStream 和 FlinkSQL两种方式进行实操,可以直观得感受FlinkCDC的强大功能,并对两种方式进行了对比。
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