javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError: Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.Transf

今天使用 jUnit4 集成 spring 使用注解方式进行单元测试时，运行的时候抛出了 javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError: Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl not found异常。

环境

jUnit4, spring 3.0, jdk 1.5.0 update 22 x64, myEclipse 9.1（使用 Anotation 进行测试）

测试类原代码

package com.cmcc.ha.epm.dao;
 
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
 
import com.cmcc.ha.epm.dataprocess.DataAccessFactoryImpl;
 
/**
 * @author huayan
 * @author 何明旺
 * @version 1.0
 */
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class dataFactoryTest {
 
    @Autowired
    private DataAccessFactoryImpl dataAccessFactory;
 
    public void setDataAccessFactory(DataAccessFactoryImpl dataAccessFactory) {
        this.dataAccessFactory = dataAccessFactory;
    }
 
    @Before
    public void init() {
        // 此处为进行一些初始化操作的代码
    }
 
    @Test
    public void testMyMethod() {
        // 此处为调用需要测试的方法的代码
    }
 
}

详细的异常信息

[2011-11-29 17:00:08] ERROR TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(336) | Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@27f8922] to prepare test instance [com.cmcc.hn.epm.dao.dataFactoryTest@3041876]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:308)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:333)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:44)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:180)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:41)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:173)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:220)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter#0': Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError: Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl not found
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:955)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:901)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:485)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:288)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:190)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:563)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:872)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:423)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:84)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:280)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:304)
	... 24 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError: Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl not found
	at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:141)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:72)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:948)
	... 38 more
Caused by: javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError: Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl not found
	at javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at org.springframework.http.converter.xml.AbstractXmlHttpMessageConverter.<init>(AbstractXmlHttpMessageConverter.java:47)
	at org.springframework.http.converter.xml.SourceHttpMessageConverter.<init>(SourceHttpMessageConverter.java:45)
	at org.springframework.http.converter.FormHttpMessageConverter.<init>(FormHttpMessageConverter.java:106)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter.<init>(AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter.java:178)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:501)
	at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:126)
	... 40 more

解决方案

在google以“Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl not found”为关键字搜索了一翻，结果搜索出来的结果全部都是说 web 应用部署在 Tomcat 5.5 下运行的时候出现的异常，没有一条搜索结果是说 junit 集成 spring 进行测试时出现的问题，最后受到 CSDN 论坛中一个帖子（http://topic.csdn.net/t/20030728/19/2082133.html）的启发，在运行测试类时添加一个 VM 参数：

<nobr>-Djavax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory=com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl</nobr>

添加完该 VM 参数后，再执行，运行正常，测试结果也正确，OK！

附：在 MyEclise 中添加 VM 参数的方法：Run --> Run Configurations... --> Arguments --> VM arguments