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之前的文章中,笔者介绍了Linux/UNIX C语言库Melon的基本功能及框架使用。
本文将介绍Melon中的词法分析器组件。
Melon的Github仓库为:https://github.com/Water-Melon/Melon
词法分析器在Melon中并不依赖于自身框架,因此可以在不初始化框架的情况下即可使用。
我们先来看一个基本例子:
//lexer.c #include <stdio.h> #include "mln_lex.h" MLN_DEFINE_TOKEN_TYPE_AND_STRUCT(static, mln_test, TEST); MLN_DEFINE_TOKEN(mln_test, TEST); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file_path\n", argv[0]); return -1; } mln_string_t path; mln_lex_t *lex = NULL; struct mln_lex_attr lattr; mln_test_struct_t *ts; mln_string_nSet(&path, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); lattr.pool = mln_alloc_init(); if (lattr.pool == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "init memory pool failed\n"); return -1; } lattr.keywords = NULL; lattr.hooks = NULL; lattr.preprocess = 0; lattr.padding = 0; lattr.type = M_INPUT_T_FILE; lattr.data = &path; lattr.env = NULL; mln_lex_initWithHooks(mln_test, lex, &lattr); if (lex == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "lexer init failed\n"); return -1; } while (1) { ts = mln_test_token(lex); if (ts == NULL || ts->type == TEST_TK_EOF) break; write(STDOUT_FILENO, ts->text->data, ts->text->len); printf(" line:%u type:%d\n", ts->line, ts->type); } mln_lex_destroy(lex); mln_alloc_destroy(lattr.pool); return 0; }
如此,即可完成一个词法解析器程序,它读取程序的参数所指定的文件的内容,然后解析成词素,并将其打印出来。
我们执行:
$ ./lexer lexer.c
/ line:1 type:21
/ line:1 type:21
lexer line:1 type:5
. line:1 type:20
c line:1 type:5
# line:3 type:9
include line:3 type:5
< line:3 type:24
stdio line:3 type:5
. line:3 type:20
h line:3 type:5
> line:3 type:26
...
可以看到,这个程序将我们的示例C程序拆解成各种词素,如:/,#,<等等。
上面的例子可以看到,基础的词法解析器解析出的词素过于细碎,有时我们还希望解析器支持我们自定义的关键字、自定义格式的数据,甚至是一些预处理功能,例如引入其他文件的内容解析词素。
那么,我们就将上面的例子进行一番修改:
//lexer.c #include <stdio.h> #include "mln_lex.h" mln_string_t keywords[] = { mln_string("on"), mln_string("off"), mln_string(NULL) }; MLN_DEFINE_TOKEN_TYPE_AND_STRUCT(static, mln_test, TEST, TEST_TK_ON, TEST_TK_OFF, TEST_TK_STRING); MLN_DEFINE_TOKEN(mln_test, TEST, {TEST_TK_ON, "TEST_TK_ON"}, {TEST_TK_OFF, "TEST_TK_OFF"}, {TEST_TK_STRING, "TEST_TK_STRING"}); static inline int mln_get_char(mln_lex_t *lex, char c) { if (c == '\\') { char n; if ((n = mln_lex_getAChar(lex)) == MLN_ERR) return -1; switch ( n ) { case '\"': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, n) == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case '\'': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, n) == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 'n': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\n') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 't': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\t') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 'b': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\b') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 'a': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\a') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 'f': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\f') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 'r': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\r') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case 'v': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\v') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; case '\\': if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, '\\') == MLN_ERR) return -1; break; default: mln_lex_setError(lex, MLN_LEX_EINVCHAR); return -1; } } else { if (mln_lex_putAChar(lex, c) == MLN_ERR) return -1; } return 0; } static mln_test_struct_t * mln_test_dblq_handler(mln_lex_t *lex, void *data) { mln_lex_cleanResult(lex); char c; while ( 1 ) { c = mln_lex_getAChar(lex); if (c == MLN_ERR) return NULL; if (c == MLN_EOF) { mln_lex_setError(lex, MLN_LEX_EINVEOF); return NULL; } if (c == '\"') break; if (mln_get_char(lex, c) < 0) return NULL; } return mln_test_new(lex, TEST_TK_STRING); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file_path\n", argv[0]); return -1; } mln_string_t path; mln_lex_t *lex = NULL; struct mln_lex_attr lattr; mln_test_struct_t *ts; mln_lex_hooks_t hooks; memset(&hooks, 0, sizeof(hooks)); hooks.dblq_handler = (lex_hook)mln_test_dblq_handler; mln_string_nSet(&path, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); lattr.pool = mln_alloc_init(); if (lattr.pool == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "init pool failed\n"); return -1; } lattr.keywords = keywords; lattr.hooks = &hooks; lattr.preprocess = 1;//支持预处理 lattr.padding = 0; lattr.type = M_INPUT_T_FILE; lattr.data = &path; lattr.env = NULL; mln_lex_initWithHooks(mln_test, lex, &lattr); if (lex == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "lexer init failed\n"); return -1; } while (1) { ts = mln_test_token(lex); if (ts == NULL || ts->type == TEST_TK_EOF) break; write(STDOUT_FILENO, ts->text->data, ts->text->len); printf(" line:%u type:%d\n", ts->line, ts->type); } mln_lex_destroy(lex); mln_alloc_destroy(lattr.pool); return 0; }
这一次,我们增加如下功能:
on
和off
生成可执行程序:
$ cc -o a a.c -I /usr/local/melon/include/ -L /usr/local/melon/lib/ -lmelon -lpthread
创建两个测试文件:
#include "b.ini"
test_mode = on
log_level = 'debug'
proc_num = 10
conf_name = "b.ini"
运行我们的程序来看看效果:
$ ./lexer a.ini conf_name line:1 type:5 = line:1 type:25 b.ini line:1 type:42 test_mode line:2 type:5 = line:2 type:25 on line:2 type:40 log_level line:3 type:5 = line:3 type:25 ' line:3 type:13 debug line:3 type:5 ' line:3 type:13 proc_num line:4 type:5 = line:4 type:25 10 line:4 type:2
可以看到,在a.ini中写入include
的部分,是b.ini文件内容解析后的词素。并且on
和off
都被正常解析出来了。且字符串也被正常处理出来了。
Melon的Github仓库为:https://github.com/Water-Melon/Melon
感谢阅读
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