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SimpleCG小游戏开发系列(2)--贪吃蛇

作者：笔触狂放9 | 2024-04-06 14:32:11

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SimpleCG小游戏开发系列(2)--贪吃蛇

一、前言

        在之前的C语言小游戏开发系列我们已经介绍了扫雷游戏的开发，本篇我们继续此系列第二篇，同样是比较简单但好玩的一个游戏--贪吃蛇。因为有了之前的游戏框架，我们只需要直接搬来原来的框架即可，可以省去不少活。

先看看游戏效果预览

下面进行详细的逻辑介绍。

二、玩法介绍

        贪吃蛇是一款经典的游戏，玩家需要控制一条蛇在屏幕上移动，不断吃掉食物并成长，同时要避免碰到墙壁或自己的身体。蛇在移动过程中会遇到食物，玩家需要让蛇的头部碰到食物，蛇就会自动将食物吞下，并且蛇的长度会相应增加。碰到墙壁或自己的身体就游戏结束。

三、主要逻辑及难点说明

        贪吃蛇游戏的核心逻辑在于蛇的移动和食物的生成。蛇的移动需要精确控制，避免蛇的头部碰到自己的身体或者墙壁，食物的生成需要有一定的随机性，使得游戏有一定的变化性。

        我们首先将游戏分三个场景进行绘制，分别是开始前的菜单显示、游戏进行中的场景显示、以及游戏结束界面的显示。我们可以直接用一个全局整型变量g_nGameState来区分场景。在游戏进行时我们主要绘制蛇行走的地图，这个在前面扫雷游戏中有所介绍，大同小异，主要就是一个一维数组实现的二维平面。

int		g_nMap[ C_MAP_WIDTH * C_MAP_HEIGHT]		= {0};

然后是蛇的表示，我们用一个坐标数组来表示蛇身体所处地图位置。

POINT	g_ptSnake[C_SNAKE_MAXLEN];

 地图绘制就是根据地图表示的地形绘制出相应内容

  1. for(j=0;j<C_MAP_HEIGHT;++j)
  2. 	{
  3. 		for(i=0;i<C_MAP_WIDTH;++i)
  4. 		{
  5. 			switch( g_nMap[j*C_MAP_WIDTH+i] )
  6. 			{
  7. 			case enumMAPTYPE_STONE:
  8. 				solidrectangle( i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK, j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK);
  9. 				break;
  10. 			case enumMAPTYPE_FOOD:
  11. 				setfillcolor(RGB(0xAA,0x0,0x0));
  12. 				solidcircle( i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+10, j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+10, 5);
  13. 				setfillcolor(RGB(0xAA,0xAA,0xAA));
  14. 				break;
  15. 			}
  16. 			
  17. 		}
  18. 	}

蛇的行走就只需要根据当前方向进行坐标移动就可以了

  1. switch( g_nSnakDir )
  2. 	{
  3. 	case enumDIR_LEFT:
  4. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x-1,g_ptSnake[0].y);
  5. 		break;
  6. 	case enumDIR_RIGHT:
  7. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x+1,g_ptSnake[0].y);
  8. 		break;
  9. 	case enumDIR_UP:
  10. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x,g_ptSnake[0].y-1);
  11. 		break;
  12. 	case enumDIR_DOWN:
  13. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x,g_ptSnake[0].y+1);
  14. 		break;
  15. 	}

以上就是贪吃蛇涉及的主要设计难点，都比较容易理解，就不展开讨论了。

 四、主体逻辑的所有源代码

        以下就是贪吃蛇的全部主要代码，只是示例程序，所以只设置了一关、有兴趣的同学可以自行扩展代码。

  1. // GameSnake.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
  2. //
  3.  
  4. #include "../import/include/SimpleCG.h"
  5. #include "GameUI.h"
  6.  
  7.  
  8. #ifdef _DEBUG
  9. #pragma comment(lib,"../import/lib/SimpleCG_MDd.lib")
  10. #else
  11. #ifdef _WIN64
  12. #pragma comment(lib,"../import/lib/x64/MTRelease/SimpleCG_MT64.lib")
  13. #else
  14. #pragma comment(lib,"../import/lib/SimpleCG_MT.lib")
  15. #endif
  16. #endif
  17.  
  18.  
  19. #define C_SNAK_VERSION			1001
  20.  
  21. #define C_IMAGE_WIDTH			640
  22. #define C_IMAGE_HEIGHT			480
  23. #define C_IMAGE_BLOCK			20
  24. #define C_MAP_WIDTH				C_IMAGE_WIDTH/C_IMAGE_BLOCK
  25. #define C_MAP_HEIGHT			C_IMAGE_HEIGHT/C_IMAGE_BLOCK
  26. #define C_SNAKE_MAXLEN			50
  27. enum ENUM_GAMESTATE
  28. {
  29. 	  enumGS_MENU
  30. 	, enumGS_RUNNING
  31. 	, enumGS_GAMEOVER
  32. };
  33. enum ENUM_MAPTYPE
  34. {
  35. 	  enumMAPTYPE_NULL
  36. 	, enumMAPTYPE_STONE
  37. 	, enumMAPTYPE_FOOD
  38. };
  39. enum ENUM_DIRECTION
  40. {
  41. 	  enumDIR_LEFT
  42. 	, enumDIR_RIGHT
  43. 	, enumDIR_UP
  44. 	, enumDIR_DOWN
  45. };
  46. int		g_nMap[ C_MAP_WIDTH * C_MAP_HEIGHT]		= {0};
  47. int		g_nSnakDir								= enumDIR_LEFT;
  48. POINT	g_ptSnake[C_SNAKE_MAXLEN];
  49. int		g_nSnakLen								= 2;
  50. int		g_nGameState							= enumGS_MENU;
  51. char	g_nTitle[] = { 0x4f,0x49,0x49,0x79,0x0,0x7f,0xe,0x30,0x7f,0x0,0x7e,0x9,0x9,0x7e,0x0,0x7f,0x8,0x14,0x63,0x0,0x7f,0x49,0x49,0x49 };
  52. char	g_pGame[] = { 0x7f,0x41,0x5d,0x49,0x7b,0x0,0x7c,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x7c,0x0,0x7f,0x2,0x4,0x2,0x7f,0x0,0x7f,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49 };
  53. char	g_pOver[] = { 0x7f,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x7f,0x0,0x1f,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1f,0x0,0x7f,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x0,0x7f,0x9,0x19,0x29,0x46 };
  54. int		g_nMenu = 0;
  55. int		g_nScore = 0;
  56. int		g_nSpeed = 1;
  57. LRESULT OnKeyDown(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
  58. LRESULT OnLButtonDown( HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, int nX, int nY );
  59. LRESULT OnRButtonDown( HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, int nX, int nY );
  60. LRESULT OnMouseMove( HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, int nX, int nY );
  61. //绘制标题
  62. void DrawTitle( int nX, int nY, char *pTitle, int nSize);
  63. void MakeFood()
  64. {
  65. 	bool bFoodSet = false;
  66. 	int nRand = 0;
  67. 	while(!bFoodSet)
  68. 	{
  69. 		nRand=rand()%(C_MAP_WIDTH*C_MAP_HEIGHT);
  70. 		if(g_nMap[nRand] == enumMAPTYPE_NULL )
  71. 		{
  72. 			g_nMap[nRand] = enumMAPTYPE_FOOD;
  73. 			bFoodSet = true;
  74. 		}
  75. 	}
  76. }
  77. //初始化游戏
  78. void InitGame(HWND hWnd)
  79. {
  80. 	int i=0;
  81. 	int j=0;
  82. 	for(j=0;j<C_MAP_HEIGHT;++j)
  83. 	{
  84. 		for(i=0;i<C_MAP_WIDTH;++i)
  85. 		{
  86. 			if(i==0||i==C_MAP_WIDTH-1||j==0||j==C_MAP_HEIGHT-1)
  87. 			{
  88. 				g_nMap[j*C_MAP_WIDTH+i] = enumMAPTYPE_STONE;
  89. 			}
  90. 			else
  91. 			{
  92. 				g_nMap[j*C_MAP_WIDTH+i] = enumMAPTYPE_NULL;
  93. 			}
  94. 			
  95. 		}
  96. 	}
  97. 	g_nSpeed = 1;
  98. 	g_nSnakLen = 2;
  99. 	g_ptSnake[0].x = 10;
  100. 	g_ptSnake[0].y = 10;
  101. 	g_ptSnake[1].x = 11;
  102. 	g_ptSnake[1].y = 10;
  103. 	g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_LEFT;
  104. 	srand(GetTickCount());
  105. 	MakeFood();
  106. 	//按键处理初始化
  107. 	//SetKeyboardProcess( enumINMSG_KEYDOWN, OnKeyDown );
  108. 	GetKeyboardInput()->onKeyDown		= OnKeyDown;
  109. 	GetMouseInput()->onMouseDownLeft	= OnLButtonDown;
  110. 	GetMouseInput()->onMouseDownRight	= OnRButtonDown;
  111. 	GetMouseInput()->onMouseMove		= OnMouseMove;
  112. 	g_nGameState = enumGS_MENU;
  113. }
  114. //移动蛇
  115. void SnakeMoveTo(int x, int y)
  116. {
  117. 	int i=0;
  118. 	if(x<0 || y<0 || x>=C_MAP_WIDTH || y>=C_MAP_HEIGHT )
  119. 		return;
  120. 	//GetFood
  121. 	if(g_nMap[y*C_MAP_WIDTH+x]==enumMAPTYPE_FOOD)
  122. 	{
  123. 		g_nMap[y*C_MAP_WIDTH+x]=enumMAPTYPE_NULL;
  124. 		g_ptSnake[g_nSnakLen].x = g_ptSnake[g_nSnakLen-1].x;
  125. 		g_ptSnake[g_nSnakLen].y = g_ptSnake[g_nSnakLen-1].y;
  126. 		if( g_nSnakLen<C_SNAKE_MAXLEN-1)
  127. 			g_nSnakLen++;
  128.  
  129. 		g_nScore += 10 * g_nSpeed;
  130. 		g_nSpeed = g_nSnakLen / 5 + 1;
  131. 		MakeFood();
  132. 	}
  133. 	else if(g_nMap[y*C_MAP_WIDTH+x]==enumMAPTYPE_STONE )//dead
  134. 	{
  135. 		g_nGameState = enumGS_GAMEOVER;
  136. 		return;
  137. 	}
  138. 	for(i=g_nSnakLen-1;i>0;--i)
  139. 	{
  140. 		if( g_ptSnake[i].x==x && g_ptSnake[i].y==y )
  141. 		{
  142. 			g_nGameState = enumGS_GAMEOVER;
  143. 			return;
  144. 		}
  145. 		g_ptSnake[i].x = g_ptSnake[i-1].x;
  146. 		g_ptSnake[i].y = g_ptSnake[i-1].y;
  147. 	}
  148. 	g_ptSnake[0].x = x;
  149. 	g_ptSnake[0].y = y;
  150. }
  151. //按方向移动
  152. void MoveFoward()
  153. {
  154. 	switch( g_nSnakDir )
  155. 	{
  156. 	case enumDIR_LEFT:
  157. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x-1,g_ptSnake[0].y);
  158. 		break;
  159. 	case enumDIR_RIGHT:
  160. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x+1,g_ptSnake[0].y);
  161. 		break;
  162. 	case enumDIR_UP:
  163. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x,g_ptSnake[0].y-1);
  164. 		break;
  165. 	case enumDIR_DOWN:
  166. 		SnakeMoveTo(g_ptSnake[0].x,g_ptSnake[0].y+1);
  167. 		break;
  168. 	}
  169. }
  170. //更新游戏状态
  171. void UpdateGame( UINT nElapse )
  172. {
  173. 	static int s_nLastTick = 0;
  174. 	int nWait = 9-g_nSpeed;
  175. 	if(nWait<0)
  176. 		nWait = 1;
  177. 	if( ( nElapse - s_nLastTick )<nWait*50 )
  178. 		return;
  179. 	switch(g_nGameState)
  180. 	{
  181. 	case enumGS_MENU:
  182. 		break;
  183. 	case enumGS_RUNNING:
  184. 		s_nLastTick = nElapse;
  185. 		MoveFoward();
  186. 		break;
  187. 	case enumGS_GAMEOVER:
  188. 		break;
  189. 	}
  190. 	
  191. }
  192. //绘制地图
  193. void DrawMap()
  194. {
  195. 	int i=0;
  196. 	int j=0;
  197. 	setfillcolor(RGB(0xAA,0xAA,0xAA));
  198. 	for(j=0;j<C_MAP_HEIGHT;++j)
  199. 	{
  200. 		for(i=0;i<C_MAP_WIDTH;++i)
  201. 		{
  202. 			switch( g_nMap[j*C_MAP_WIDTH+i] )
  203. 			{
  204. 			case enumMAPTYPE_STONE:
  205. 				solidrectangle( i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK, j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK);
  206. 				break;
  207. 			case enumMAPTYPE_FOOD:
  208. 				setfillcolor(RGB(0xAA,0x0,0x0));
  209. 				solidcircle( i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+10, j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+10, 5);
  210. 				setfillcolor(RGB(0xAA,0xAA,0xAA));
  211. 				break;
  212. 			}
  213. 			
  214. 		}
  215. 	}
  216. }
  217. //绘制标题
  218. void DrawTitle( int nX, int nY, char *pTitle, int nSize)
  219. {
  220. 	int i=0;
  221. 	int j=0;
  222. 	for(i=0;i<nSize;++i)
  223. 	{
  224. 		int nNum = pTitle[i];
  225. 		for(j=0;j<8;++j)
  226. 		{
  227. 			if(nNum&0x1)
  228. 			{
  229. 				solidrectangle( nX+i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, nY+j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, nX+i*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK, nY+j*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK);
  230. 				
  231. 			}
  232. 			nNum>>=1;
  233. 		}
  234. 	}                                                                                                                                                                               
  235. }
  236. //绘制蛇
  237. void DrawSnake()
  238. {
  239. 	int i=0;
  240. 	setfillcolor(RGB(0x0,0xAA,0x0));
  241. 	for(i=0; i<g_nSnakLen; ++i)
  242. 	{
  243. 		solidrectangle( g_ptSnake[i].x*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, g_ptSnake[i].y*C_IMAGE_BLOCK, g_ptSnake[i].x*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK, g_ptSnake[i].y*C_IMAGE_BLOCK+C_IMAGE_BLOCK);
  244. 	}
  245. }
  246. void DrawMenu()
  247. {
  248. 	setfillcolor(RGB(0x0,0xAA,0x0));
  249. 	DrawTitle( 60, 60, g_nTitle, sizeof(g_nTitle)/sizeof(g_nTitle[0]));
  250. 	
  251. 	DrawButton( 200, 260, 120, 30, RGB(0x0,0xDD,0x0), 0, _T("开始游戏"));
  252. 	DrawButton( 200, 300, 120, 30, RGB(0x0,0xDD,0x0), 0, _T("退出游戏"));
  253. 	setlinecolor(0);
  254. 	fillcircle( 180, g_nMenu * 40 + 260 + 15, 10 );
  255. }
  256. //绘制游戏
  257. void RenderGame()
  258. {
  259. 	clearrectangle(0,0,C_IMAGE_WIDTH, C_IMAGE_HEIGHT);
  260. 	switch(g_nGameState)
  261. 	{
  262. 	case enumGS_MENU:
  263. 		DrawMenu();
  264. 		break;
  265. 	case enumGS_RUNNING:
  266. 		DrawMap();
  267. 		DrawSnake();
  268. 		RenderUI();
  269. 		break;
  270. 	case enumGS_GAMEOVER:
  271. 		DrawTitle( 100, 60, g_pGame, sizeof(g_pGame)/sizeof(g_pGame[0]));
  272. 		DrawTitle( 100, 220, g_pOver, sizeof(g_pOver)/sizeof(g_pOver[0]));
  273. 		
  274. 		settextcolor(0);
  275. 		printfRectEx( 0, 380, C_IMAGE_WIDTH, 20, SCG_TEXT_MIDDLE, _T("分数: %d"), g_nScore );
  276. 		//outtextRectEx( 0, 400, C_IMAGE_WIDTH, 100, _T("Press any key to continue..."), SCG_TEXT_MIDDLE);
  277. 		outtextRectEx( 0, 400, C_IMAGE_WIDTH, 100, _T("按任意键继续..."), SCG_TEXT_MIDDLE);
  278. 		break;
  279. 	}
  280. }
  281. //按键消息响应函数
  282. LRESULT OnKeyDown(HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
  283. {
  284. 	switch( g_nGameState )
  285. 	{
  286. 	case enumGS_MENU:
  287. 		switch( wParam )
  288. 		{
  289. 		case VK_DOWN:
  290. 			if( g_nMenu<1 )
  291. 				++g_nMenu;
  292. 			break;
  293. 		case VK_UP:
  294. 			if( g_nMenu> 0 )
  295. 				--g_nMenu;
  296. 			break;
  297. 		case VK_SPACE:
  298. 		case VK_RETURN:
  299. 			if( g_nMenu == 1)
  300. 				PostQuitMessage(0);
  301. 			else
  302. 				g_nGameState = enumGS_RUNNING;
  303. 			break;
  304. 		}
  305. 		break;
  306. 	case enumGS_RUNNING:
  307. 		switch( wParam )
  308. 		{
  309. 		case VK_DOWN:
  310. 			if(g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_LEFT || g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_RIGHT)
  311. 			{
  312. 				g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_DOWN;
  313. 				
  314. 				MoveFoward();
  315. 			}
  316. 			return 1;
  317. 			break;
  318. 		case VK_UP:
  319. 			if(g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_LEFT || g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_RIGHT)
  320. 			{
  321. 				g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_UP;
  322. 				
  323. 				MoveFoward();
  324. 			}
  325. 			return 1;
  326. 			break;
  327. 		case VK_LEFT:
  328. 			if(g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_UP || g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_DOWN)
  329. 			{
  330. 				g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_LEFT;
  331. 				
  332. 				MoveFoward();
  333. 			}
  334. 			return 1;
  335. 			break;
  336. 		case VK_RIGHT:
  337. 			if(g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_UP || g_nSnakDir == enumDIR_DOWN)
  338. 			{
  339. 				g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_RIGHT;
  340. 				
  341. 				MoveFoward();
  342. 			}
  343. 			return 1;
  344. 			break;
  345. 		}
  346. 		break;
  347. 	case enumGS_GAMEOVER:
  348. 		InitGame(NULL);
  349. 		break;
  350. 	}
  351. 	
  352. 	return 0;
  353. }
  354.  
  355. LRESULT OnLButtonDown( HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, int nX, int nY )
  356. {
  357. 	switch( g_nGameState )
  358. 	{
  359. 	case enumGS_MENU:
  360. 		if( g_nMenu == 1)
  361. 			PostQuitMessage(0);
  362. 		else
  363. 			g_nGameState = enumGS_RUNNING;
  364. 		break;
  365. 	case enumGS_RUNNING:
  366. 		switch(g_nSnakDir )
  367. 		{
  368. 		case enumDIR_LEFT:
  369. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_DOWN;
  370. 			break;
  371. 		case enumDIR_RIGHT:
  372. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_UP;
  373. 			break;
  374. 		case enumDIR_UP:
  375. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_LEFT;
  376. 			break;
  377. 		case enumDIR_DOWN:
  378. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_RIGHT;
  379. 			break;
  380. 		}
  381. 		break;
  382. 	case enumGS_GAMEOVER:
  383. 		InitGame(NULL);
  384. 		break;
  385. 	}
  386. 	return false;
  387. }
  388. LRESULT OnRButtonDown( HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, int nX, int nY )
  389. {
  390. 	if( g_nGameState == enumGS_RUNNING)
  391. 	{
  392. 		switch(g_nSnakDir )
  393. 		{
  394. 		case enumDIR_LEFT:
  395. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_UP;
  396. 			break;
  397. 		case enumDIR_RIGHT:
  398. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_DOWN;
  399. 			break;
  400. 		case enumDIR_UP:
  401. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_RIGHT;
  402. 			break;
  403. 		case enumDIR_DOWN:
  404. 			g_nSnakDir = enumDIR_LEFT;
  405. 			break;
  406. 		}
  407. 	}
  408. 	return false;
  409. }
  410. LRESULT OnMouseMove( HWND hWnd, WPARAM wParam, int nX, int nY )
  411. {
  412. 	if( g_nGameState == enumGS_MENU)
  413. 	{
  414. 		if( nY>=300)
  415. 			g_nMenu = 1;
  416. 		else
  417. 			g_nMenu = 0;
  418. 	}
  419. 	return false;
  420. }
  421. int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
  422. {
  423. 	SCG_GameLoopInfo info;
  424. 	info.nFPS				= 60;
  425. 	info.nHeight			= C_IMAGE_HEIGHT;
  426. 	info.nWidth				= C_IMAGE_WIDTH;
  427. 	info.pFunDrawProcess	= RenderGame;
  428. 	info.pFunFrameUpdate	= UpdateGame;
  429. 	info.pFunInitGame		= InitGame;
  430. 	info.pFunInput			= NULL;
  431.  
  432. 	if( !StartGameLoopEx( &info ))
  433. 		return 1;
  434. 	return 0;
  435. }

五、代码及相关图形库下载

贪吃蛇完整VS2010工程可在以下地址下载。

gamesnake · master · b2b160 / SimpleCG_Demo · GitCode

编译此程序需安装SimpleCG库，安装方法如下： 

SimpleCG库安装方法

如果只想执行程序可在如下地址下载 

贪吃蛇执行程序

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