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背景知识:modbus协议介绍
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;
namespace modBusDLL
{
public class ModBusRTU
{
private SerialPort serialPort = null;
public ModBusRTU()
{
serialPort = new SerialPort();
}
//连接方法
//端口号,波特率,数据位,校验位,停止位
public void Connect(string portName,int baudRate=9600,int dataBits=8,
Parity parity=Parity.None,StopBits stopBits=StopBits.One)
{
if (serialPort.IsOpen) {
serialPort.Close();
}
serialPort.BaudRate = baudRate;
serialPort.PortName = portName;
serialPort.Parity = parity;
serialPort.StopBits = stopBits;
serialPort.DataBits = dataBits;
serialPort.Open();
}
//断开连接方法
public void Disconnect()
{
if (serialPort.IsOpen)
{
serialPort.Close();
}
}
//读消息方法
public byte[] ReadKeepRegisters(byte devAdd,ushort start,ushort length)
{
//拼接报文,发送报文,接受报文,校验报文,解析报文
//创建一个字节集合
List<byte> ret = new List<byte>();
//协议格式:站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量+CRC
//站地址
ret.Add(devAdd);
//功能码
ret.Add(0x03);
//起始寄存器地址
//高位地址
ret.Add((byte)(start / 256));
//低位地址
ret.Add((byte)(start % 256));
//寄存器数量
//高位地址
ret.Add((byte)(length / 256));
//低位地址
ret.Add((byte)(length % 256));
byte[] crc= CRCCalc(ret.ToArray());
ret.AddRange(crc);
//发送报文
serialPort.Write(ret.ToArray(), 0, ret.Count);
Thread.Sleep(50);
//接受长度
int byteCount = serialPort.BytesToRead;
byte[] data = new byte[byteCount];
//读入data
serialPort.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
byte[] result = new byte[length*2];
Array.Copy(data,3,result, 0,length*2);
return result;
}
#region 16位CRC校验
/// <summary>
/// CRC校验,参数data为byte数组
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">校验数据,字节数组</param>
/// <returns>字节0是高8位,字节1是低8位</returns>
public static byte[] CRCCalc(byte[] data)
{
//crc计算赋初始值
int crc = 0xffff;
for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
{
crc = crc ^ data[i];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
{
int temp;
temp = crc & 1;
crc = crc >> 1;
crc = crc & 0x7fff;
if (temp == 1)
{
crc = crc ^ 0xa001;
}
crc = crc & 0xffff;
}
}
//CRC寄存器的高低位进行互换
byte[] crc16 = new byte[2];
//CRC寄存器的高8位变成低8位,
crc16[1] = (byte)((crc >> 8) & 0xff);
//CRC寄存器的低8位变成高8位
crc16[0] = (byte)(crc & 0xff);
return crc16;
}
/// <summary>
/// CRC校验,参数为空格或逗号间隔的字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">校验数据,逗号或空格间隔的16进制字符串(带有0x或0X也可以),逗号与空格不能混用</param>
/// <returns>字节0是高8位,字节1是低8位</returns>
public static byte[] CRCCalc(string data)
{
//分隔符是空格还是逗号进行分类,并去除输入字符串中的多余空格
IEnumerable<string> datac = data.Contains(",") ? data.Replace(" ", "").Replace("0x", "").Replace("0X", "").Trim().Split(',') : data.Replace("0x", "").Replace("0X", "").Split(' ').ToList().Where(u => u != "");
List<byte> bytedata = new List<byte>();
foreach (string str in datac)
{
bytedata.Add(byte.Parse(str, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier));
}
byte[] crcbuf = bytedata.ToArray();
//crc计算赋初始值
return CRCCalc(crcbuf);
}
/// <summary>
/// CRC校验,截取data中的一段进行CRC16校验
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">校验数据,字节数组</param>
/// <param name="offset">从头开始偏移几个byte</param>
/// <param name="length">偏移后取几个字节byte</param>
/// <returns>字节0是高8位,字节1是低8位</returns>
public static byte[] CRCCalc(byte[] data, int offset, int length)
{
byte[] Tdata = data.Skip(offset).Take(length).ToArray();
return CRCCalc(Tdata);
}
#endregion
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using modBusDLL;
namespace easyProjectPractice
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.comboBox1.DataSource=SerialPort.GetPortNames();
}
private ModBusRTU modBusRTU = new ModBusRTU();
private void label1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
modBusRTU.Connect(this.comboBox1.Text);
MessageBox.Show("连接成功");
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
modBusRTU.Disconnect();
MessageBox.Show("断开连接");
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
byte[] data = modBusRTU.ReadKeepRegisters(1, 2, 1);
textBox1.Text = (data[0] * 256 + data[1]).ToString();
}
private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
}
简单的modbusRTU主从通信自定义。
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